"Mosquito" - antiship imizili

Mhlawumbi, njengoko Navy usoloko kunokwenzeka ukuba banike uhlolo olwaneleyo amandla yokhuselo eli lizwe kunye noqoqosho. Kwaye nantsi ke kuphela xa umxholo iinqanawa zexabiso kunye ii nkwili. izithuthi Modern - amashishini eliphezulu-zobugcisa, apho izixhobo yokuqala 'ukubaleka-in' zakutshanje okuhlaselayo ukulwa.

Ukuba ngexesha Second World War lilawulwa Zempi enzima kunye nokhuseleko enamandla nabakhi elula kakhulu ukuba iinqwelo-moya nenjini eqhutywa, kodwa ngoku le meko itshintshe kakhulu. Navy phantse zonke "lwandle" kumazwe athabathe inxaxheba kwi inkonzo abagungxuli amancinane kakhulu kwaye nimble, ngakumbi, indima lweenqanawa ezintywilayo nabakhi-moya ziqwalaselwa kuphela ngokwemigaqo element ekhubekisayo yayikukulumkisa amazwe ukuba la wokhuselo yesiqhelo.

Ukongeza, i yangoku amadabi aselwandle azifani: iqela rhoqo musa ukubona omnye nkqu elundini, kwaye uloyiso saqinisekisa izikhali enomjukujelwa ezinamandla, a ivolibholi ezinokuthumela kakuhle utshaba inqanawa enkulu ukuya ezantsi. Izwe lethu isixhobo enkulu - kwenkqubo "Mosquito". Le enomjukujelwa, neyasekwa ngowe-USSR, yindlela qiniseka ukuba isiqinisekiso isisombululo soxolo.

Qala yophuhliso

Umsebenzi kuphuhliso kwezixhobo yaqala ngo 1973. Ekudaleni inqwaba baye kumaziko ophando kunye noyilo bevela kulo lonke USSR. "Mosquito" - rocket, ekuqaleni ukuze athathe iintlobo ezindala izixhobo ezifanayo kwaye ekujongwe ukuba zifakelwe kwi abagungxuli kunye amaphenyane ngezikhali. Ukongeza, ukuba ifakwe ukulwa wiki.

Phambi kokuba avume lo rocket kwafuneka ukuba aye nge kungcelele onomtsalane iimvavanyo zokungqinisisa eziye zaqaliswa kuphela ngo-1978. Kwathi etiphini, "kuSandy Beam", apho iimvavanyo zokuqala imifanekiso yeemveliso elizayo aze angqinisiswe iimpawu iinjini yayo engundoqo bathwalwa phandle. Urhulumente kwakhona iimvavanyo yaqhubeka de kuye ekupheleni kuka-1982.

Baye zinakanwa yagqitywa ngempumelelo kuphela emva zokudubula umbhuqi "Desperado", ibekwe kuLwandle Barents. Thagethi shot ukusuka kumgama 27 km, ekufuneka ngqo hit ekujoliswe ezimbini. Irula kunye nabasebenzi nazo kulo msebenzi kakuhle.

Ngokubanzi, kuphela rocket yasungulwa amaxesha nje 15 ebudeni ezi zilingo, impumelelo sele iphunyelelwe kwiimeko ezisibhozo, impumelelo partial - ezintlanu. Zalisa ukungaphumeleli kubangele buqala ezimbini kuphela. Kodwa akazange nangoko ukwamkela fleet zakuleli "Mosquito"! Umjukujelwa uba iminyaka emihlanu epheleleyo, ukususela 1983 ukuya 1985, yathotyelwa ukuphuculwa kuyilo ezahlukeneyo kunye yeyala maxesha, de amandla yayo ekugqibeleni akujongwa kwanele.

Ngoko ke, lo uluhlu sokuqala yanyuswa phantse emithandathu amaxesha (!), Ukufikelela umzobo kweekhilomitha ezili-125, waza wafikelela ukuhambelana kwayo ngokupheleleyo kunye ekranoplan "Lun", eqinisekisa ukhuselo oluthembekileyo phantse lonke unxweme waseUSSR yanika ukusetyenziswa rocket.

Release, ukuguqulwa,

Wakha waza wakhululwa "Inkqubela" zayo ezintsonkothileyo, ibekwe ekuMmandla Primorsky. Umjukujelwa uye wabonisa zombini yasekhaya Zhukovsky (MAX), yaye onke kwimiboniso ngamazwe iingalo (e Abu Dhabi, umzekelo).

Kuphela ekuqaleni-imi- 80 zakhiwo yamkelwa ngokusesikweni ababhuqi ukubayinxalenye iklasi ka-Project "mihla" 956, yaye ngowe-1984 baza baqalisa ukwakha enomjukujelwa enzulu isindululi CT-190. "Mosquito" lwakhawuleza lwasekwa kwaye mboni. Umjukujelwa samkelwa kwinkonzo kwisithuba ukususela 1992 ukuya ku-1994.

Yintoni na?

Isakhiwo kunye rocket sidalwe ngenxa yokwaphuka iindidi ezahlukeneyo iinqanawa kumphezulu lotshaba, ohambisa ngenxa emhlabeni, kwakunye imikhombe lori kunye neethagethi single. Oku kubandakanya iinqanawa kwi ukuba ababetheki kakhulu emoyeni kunye amaphiko amanzi, nto leyo kwada ngoko waba phantse anihlasele ukuya enomjukujelwa ngenxa Velocity yayo babheke phezulu.

Ngempumelelo wabatshabalalisa imikhombe, na ukubana iitoni ukuya ku 20,000. Isantya ekujoliswe kunokwenzeka - up to 100 ezalathelwe uphuhliso. Umjukujelwa arhabaxa utshaba naxa lomlilo olunzulu kunye radar ukuze simelane yokugqibela. Ngaba na kuthi, kunye nemozulu kakhulu kunye neemeko zemozulu. Anti-nqanawa enomjukujelwa ngokwalo "ingcongconi" zingasetyenziswa ngempumelelo kwiqondo lobushushu okukufutshane ukusuka -25 ukuya +50 degrees Celsius.

iimeko abasebenza

karhulumente Sea usebenzisa i "Mosquito" uyakwazi ukufikelela amanqaku nje ezintandathu (ukuba thagethi amancinci - up to ezintlanu) kunye isantya somoya (indlela akunamsebenzi) - up to 20 eemitha ngomzuzwana. abayili Soviet bakwazile ukwenza enomjukujelwa owawuza hit ekujoliswe nokuba kuqhuma yenyukliya.

Okufanayo luphawulwa anti-nqanawa enomjukujelwa "Mosquito" umoya-based? iimpawu ezingundoqo musa ziyahluka ukusuka yomkhosi wamanzi ukhetho. Esi sakhiwo unako mayixhotyiswe moya Su-33 (Su-27K) kunye nabanye ezivumela nqanawa-based.

le complex

Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba entsonkothileyo kakhulu "Mosquito" ubunjwe isicwangciso esinye kuphela ngenxa bekusungulwa imizili, kodwa ayikho. Oku kuquka iintlobo ezininzi kubo: antiship esezantsi iintlobo supersonic Phantsi-kwendawo, zahlasela kujoliswe kwiimeko lweenkqubo air wokhuselo olunzulu, kwakunye kwiqokobhe with "smart" ukhokelo ZM-80. Management inoxanduva lokwazisa yofakelo inkqubo 3C-80 ukhokelo CT-152M. Xa kufikwa ukuziphendulela unxweme kunye usekela entsonkothileyo emileyo, ulawulo kuthatha iqela elilodwa CCW 3F80.

features technical

Irula fanele ukuba udidi ukukhanya, layout yayo yenzelwe kuqwalaselo weklasiki ashukimisayo. Form isaphetha ogive, eli lungiselelo iintsiba kunye amaphiko - X-ezimile. Amaphiko nesisila zenziwe lokukha yezithuthi lula nokugcinwa kwisingxobo yokuqala. Isibalo ephambili umoya nomzimba ngokucacileyo abalaseleyo, kwaye fairing ngaphambili efakiweyo umpheki radiotransparent.

Ezinye iimpawu kuyo ochukumisa ngakumbi:

• ubude enomjukujelwa - ukusuka kwiimitha 9.4 ukuya 9.7 (ngokuxhomekeke ukulungiswa kunye nekhaya).
• ukukhawulezisa obukhulu - ukuya ku 2.8 Mach.
• Ubuncinane uluhlu lomlilo - 10 km.
• Launch ubunzima - ukusuka kwiitoni ezingama-4 ukuya 4.5.
• Weight warhead - of kg 300 ukuya 320.
• lokugcinwa kwisingxobo sungula - ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka 1.5.
• Okwangoku enomjukujelwa yala maxesha ukuze hit the target xa kuqhutywa ukususela Imvumo ukuya kumgama ozikilometa eziyi-240.

Ekwenziweni isetyenziswa ngokubanzi titanium iikhemikhali nyulu, aluminiyamu ibakala eliphezulu zentsimbi kunye fiberglass.

Isityalo amandla ahlangene. Kukho ukuqala powder injini endandiyenza enomjukujelwa ukusuka bhokisi lomphehlelelo, kunye noMlondolozi jet basafunda 3D83. Powder namafutha ibekwe ngqo kwi umlomo we-injini engundoqo. Utshisa ngokupheleleyo kule mizuzwana zokuqala ezintathu okanye ezine, emva koko Undityhale yi ngesikali ukungena komoya.

inkqubo isikhokelo

Inkqubo isikhokelo kwakhona yenziwe scheme ehlangene. Navigation - uhlobo inertial, kwakunye esebenzayo-zava intloko ukhokelo radar. "Kukuphuhlisa" na inkqubo yolawulo, apho iqinisekisa amathuba eziphezulu betha ekujoliswe nokuba xa zokumelana umlilo esebenzayo uphumile. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba eli nani yahluka ukusuka 0,94 ukuya 0,98.

Flight kwenzeka ngexesha lunikezelo ngaphezu imitsi emibini, rocket yeyona ndlela inzima kakhulu. Ngoko nangoko emva kokuqalisa iqokobhe owenza i "kweenduli" Classic, kulandele ukuhla elibukhali kwi ubuninzi - up ukuya ukuphakama kuyimitha-20. Xa injongo kweekhilomitha elithoba, kukho i nokuba kakhulu ngakumbi ukuncitshiswa, ukuya ukuphakama kuyimitha ezisixhenxe, emva koko rocket nje phezu crests kwamaza, olawula izinto inyoka. Ngexesha esemoyeni uyakwazi lenze entsonkothileyo kakhulu, kwaye sithwalisa kudla ngokuba mkhulu 10G.

ukuzibandakanya target

Ngenxa iimpawu ezinjalo umjukujelwa "ingcongconi" (yaye "Malachite", siphu- wayo) yingozi ebulalayo phantse naluphi na utshaba nqanawa enokwenzeka. Xa zidityaniswe namanye wokhuselo anti-konxweme kuthetha ukunciphisa ukugxila amathuba 'kwegazi "kulotywe utshaba ukuhlasela.

Oyise inqanawa utshaba kuqinisekiswa ngokunciphisa amandla ekinetiki kunye dubulo enamandla ngaphakathi wenqanawa. Enye enomjukujelwa lula ukuvumela ezantsi Cruiser, eziqwenga 15-17 inokuba usikhumbuze phantsi iqela lonke yenqanawa. babheke enomjukujelwa ingakumbi ezilungileyo "Mosquito 'ukuba balekela cishe akunakwenzeka. Ubhaqo yayo eyi-3-4 kuphela phambi qha umlilo kwithagethi, kodwa ngenxa yokuba uyilo endala eSoviet nangoku ohlonitshwayo ebhungeni bonke oomatiloshe weenqanawa ehlabathini.

Indawo yokuhlala nesimo mihla

SCRC "Mosquito" kakhulu elifakiweyo Project 956 abonakalisi (ezimbini iseti esinamavili), iinqanawa anti-ngwenya le 11556 yeprojekthi "Admiral Lobov", kwakunye phantse yonke iprojekthi enomjukujelwa isikhephe 1241,9. Kwagqitywa ekhwele iprojekthi elingwayo le enomjukujelwa amancinci nqanawa Project 1239 (hovercraft), lo msebenzi ngo-1240 iinkundla, kwakunye iwigi "Lun" zikhankanywe ngasentla, apho rocket kwafuneka kwanokuphucula nzulu.

kuxabiseke ngakumbi ukuba enomjukujelwa "Mosquito", iimpawu zazo esele ezicatshulwe ngasentla, ingasetyenziswa kwiindawo yokhuselo yonxweme kunye ne-moya lonxweme, oko imvelaphi inyuselwa khona phezu Su-27K (Su-33) moya. Kulo mzekelo, omnye athathwe ababekhwele kweso projectile, nto leyo lanqunyanyiswa ngaphandle fuselage phakathi imidumba.

ukuphucuka yobubanzi

Ngo-1981 wakhupha umyalelo njengako apho kuyimfuneko ukuba kakhulu ngcono injini engundoqo ukuze kwandiswe uluhlu isicelo of imijukujelwa kwaba. Ngoko kwabakho rocket "Mosquito-M", alishumi apho kwenziwa phambi kokuba ixesha start-up ukususela 1987 ukuya 1989. iinjineli Soviet bakwazi ukwandisa uluhlu ayi 153 kwangoko, kunye version modified yaba 3M-80E isiqu.

Okwangoku, i irula "Mosquito", ogama umfanekiso lowo ephepheni, ingafakwa phantse zonke iintlobo abagungxuli Russian kunye nezinye iinqanawa, kuquka izikhephe enomjukujelwa, kwakunye kwamanye amazwe. Bamvumela entabeni (ozikhethelayo) kwi iinqanawa efanelekileyo amazwe.

ukubaluleka

Ukuba irula "Mosquito", ogama yokusebenza iimpawu ngazo kweli nqaku bavumelekile ukuba ukudala iprojekthi yenqanawa elinye. iimpawu awo kangangokuba wanikela izikhitshana enomjukujelwa encinane phantse ukusebenza umbhuqi. Konke oko kwenza ukuba ukunciphisa ixabiso ngokuthi amashumi amaxesha nokudalwa iqela yinxalenye yomkhosi wamanzi, ngaphandle kokunikezela iimpawu ayo. Ngenxa ubungakanani olumbaxa unxweme yiSoviet Union kubalulekile kakhulu.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, izikhali logwayimbo ube ukubaluleka nje gqitha kwiimeko mihla, xa eRashiya ukuqala nje ukuba zenziwe iqela eqhelekileyo yolwandle noweenqanawa. Okwangoku, akukho iimpawu ezikhethekileyo lokungena iinqanawa ezinkulu kwi Navy, ngoko ke ithemba a full-ababhuqi kunye "Mosquito" ebhodini kunzima ukuba zazi. Ngoko ke uphuhliso eSoviet nangoku kwexesha kakhulu, elide kakhulu, ukuba eze phantsi.