Mariinsky Palace, eSt Petersburg. Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo St. Petersburg

Mariinsky Palace of Saint-Petersburg ngomnye ezinomtsalane abaninzi abadumileyo kwikomkhulu wasentla. Isakhiwo yakhiwa ngo indlela izakhiwo lakudala nangemiqondiso ezininzi eclecticism. Mhlawumbi utoliko nantoni loo classicism ngenxa yokuba kwibhotwe yayakhelwe Grand neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya Maria Nikolaevna, intombi ka-Nicholas mna, ngubani okwethutyana ebehleli nendoda yakhe entsha - Duke Maksimilianom Leyhtenbergskim in the Winter Palace. Lo mlawuli wayenqwenela ukuba abo batshatayo waba abahlala zabo.

Imbali i Mariinsky Palace

capital Northern of Russia liziko recognised institution of inkcubeko yehlabathi. Central Saint Petersburg yi ezahlukeneyo. Kulo mzi kukho ezininzi izakhiwo zonqulo, amabhotwe izikhumbuzo. Ukwakhiwa uninzi lwazo lwaqhutywa kwi kweyeshumi elinesibhozo. Inxalenye ongezantsi eSt kaIsake Square, apho ikhoyo namhlanje Mariinsky Palace, eSt Petersburg, obafunyanwa ngowe-1761 xa impahla Count Chernyshevym Ivanom Grigorevichem, ngubani wayezimisele ukwakha kwindawo enkulu yendlu multi-ezinemigangatho. Ukwakhiwa ke unikwe wezakhiwo French Jean-Baptiste Vallin de la Mothe, unjingalwazi, oyingcali owaziwayo kulwakhiwo nezakhiwo ebhotwe. Ngenxa kuye, eSt Petersburg ngezakhiwo wafumana yobuciko ezifana Gostiny Dvor, i Yusupov Palace kwi Moika, i-Imperial Academy of Arts.

Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1765 uLieutenant-Jikelele Count Ivan Grigorevich Chernyshev kunye nentsapho yakhe bafudukela ipomakazi lendlu ibali emithathu-entsha. Eziphambili - ngoko ke kunokwenzeka ukuba ziimpawu kwibhotwe emarmore emhlophe bazisa evela eItali.

NgoDisemba 1766 nandawo Count Chernyshev, watyelela uKumkanikazi uCatherine II, kuba yona okuphekiweyo isitulo olukhethekileyo kunye igama lakhe, ehleli apho Wayedlala amakhadi. Xa engekho isihlalo sobukhosi egubungele velvet ingubo de kutyelelo olulandelayo.

Ngowe-1839, Count lendlu sachithwa kwaye kwaqala umsebenzi kwisakhiwo omkhulu endaweni yayo, ogama imbeko wahliwa elizayo Grand neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya Maria Nikolaevna, kwaye uthwele igama Mariinsky.

Ukuchithwa nezemarmore

Kwibhotwe yakhiwa ngumzobi AI Shtakenshnejdera, awonisa umsebenzi ngokungqinelana ngezinto zobugcisa zakutsha nje. Umakhi azama ukusebenzisa kancinci kangangoko zezibonelelo yamaplanga, ukunciphisa ingozi yomlilo. Ukweqa zenziwa ngentsimbi namatye nemàbhula. Ekwenzeni kwakho isisa wezakhiwo komlawuli alishiya nezemarmore, nabo bonke ngombala elingaphakathi yenziwe isandstone, ekuthe eludongeni igcina ubushushu ixesha elide.

layout

olungaphambili classical lendlu yenkosi ndacebisa layout yemveli ngokohlobo wohambelwano elide amagumbi, ukunxibelelana kunye namanye, kodwa indawo Rule yale ndawo yaba bohluke kuzo ngokupheleleyo. kuyiwa Grand lwaye ukusuka olungaphambili engundoqo embindini ukuya kwicala lasekhohlo elisekungeneni. Izinga pomposity lehla, kodwa yaba ukufudumala.

Kumgangatho wesibini kwibhotwe izithethe izakhiwo ayehlonitshwa. Ezimbini yohambelwano, akhiwe perpendicularly ziyanqumlana zenze iHolo-rotunda. Okulandelayo na igumbi ephilileyo Pompeian, nawayenxuse kwigumbi kwabaphilileyo Khan Khan lokutyela.

yokuhlala

NeTshawekazi laseYork bashiya Maria Nikolaevna lwaqalisa igumbi yolwamkelo, ilandelwe yi-ofisi. Umtya zamagumbi baqhubeka lokulala, boudoir, lokuhlambela kunye kwelinye igumbi, lembombo, okanye Khan. Iphiko efanele isithambeka ekhethekileyo ukuya imigangatho ephezulu. Yaba uthotho gentle kophahla ngangokolulwa kweminwe, nto leyo ukuhamba okanye ukukhwela kwi inqwelwana encinane. On omabini amacala ngomphi ngokutyala izityalo ezingaqhelekanga, ukuyila imeko-bume yetropiki. Ukuhamba endleleni zokwexeshana intaba imiphumo eyingenelo malunga nethoni abemi ebhotwe.

Apartments Leuchtenberg

Indoda Maria Nikolaevna wayehlala kumagumbi kunye iiwindow Square St. kaIsake. amagumbi lakhe waqala omoya mikhosi, eyathatha igumbi snooker, igumbi lokuhlala kunye isifundo Turkish. Kukwakho yingqokelela enkulu yezixhobo. Kumgangatho osezantsi ukuya Maximilian waba indlwana ongaphuhliswanga kunye windows efafazwe-glass. iifestile nebala-iglasi nayo ukusuka kwisixeko German Munich, ezweni Duke.

End of zokwakha

Emva kokuba Mariinsky Palace of Saint Petersburg yakhiwa, oko kuvulelwa ufikelelo loluntu. Wonke bajonge kuyo kwaye nakwezo ecaweni indlu, ibekwe elisezantsi kophahla. Iindwendwe senyuka ngezinyuko ukusuka yokulinda, ithambeka wawuvuliwe isiqingatha nje, aphume kulo apho kwakungekho uphahla.

Abalindi kunye ngamagosa baphila kumgangatho wesithathu iphiko wakomkhulu, leyo kuthiwa neGosa kunye Chamberlain. Luphawulwa yokuba zonke kumasango i Mariinsky Ibhotwe ingxelo ngokukhululekileyo, waba ndawo kwiindawo ezithintelweyo okanye kumagumbi angasese. NeTshawekazi laseYork bashiya Maria Nikolaevna ozibiza yokuphila yangaphandle, waba ekhoyo kunxibelelwano, afuna ngabalawulwa bakhe efanayo.

INkosana Ukufa

Ngowe-1852, eneminyaka engama-35 wafa Maksimilian Leyhtenbergsky, eshiya Maria Nikolaevna oonyana ababini - Eugene and George, emva komtshato bahlala kunye nabafazi babo kwinxalenye esempuma yasebhotwe, apho wahlala de kokufa unina, Grand neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya ilifa Maria Nikolaevna, owafa ngowe-1876. Ngexesha i Mariinsky Palace of Saint Petersburg waye ubunzima amatyala, kwaye iindlalifa ingqalelo isigqibo esichanekileyo kuphela athengise ikhaya nabazali bakhe. Noko ke, abathengi akafunyanwa, kwaye ngoko ke isakhiwo sele nxiba irekhodi kwisebe koovimba bakomkhulu.

Centre of the sokumiswa Russian

Ngowe-1884, i-St Petersburg Mariinsky Palace waba ebutyebini bokumkani ngenxa engange nezigidi ezithathu waza waba nempahla karhulumente. July 14, 1884, uMlawuli Alexander III isalelo, njengoko apho ebhotwe owamiswayo indawo esemthethweni yeentlanganiso zeBhunga State. Kwaye ngoFebruwari 1885 kwi- Mariinsky Palace wagcinwa iBhunga kweekomiti abaPhathiswa, uRhulumente Chancellery kunye Ofisi eYodwa amaxwebhu ezikhalazo neNkosi.

ebungcweleni

February 11, 1885 Mariinsky Palace lwabhengezwa iziko sokumiswa Russian. ababingeleli inkcaza yabamba inkonzo ekhethekileyo kunye yokumisela kwesakhiwo kunye elingaphakathi.

Xa, ngo-1905, Walizinzisa Duma State, uye wanda iBhunga State. Le rotunda ye ebhotwe ayisekho ukubaginya bonke abathathi-nxaxheba. Phantsi enkantolo wathabatha igadi ubusika, nto leyo lihlengahlengiswe ngokupheleleyo, yaye ngo-Oktobha 15, 1908, iBhunga State sele usebenza kwindawo entsha.

ngexesha elitsha

I-February Revolution ka-1917 leminyaka, kuninzi iye yatshintsha kweli lizwe. Okokuqala zonke kwakukho uRhulumente Provisional, nto leyo ine kwi Mariinsky Palace, bakhonza de Agasti. Ngoko kukho ikhomishini All-eRashiya ukhetho kwiNdibano neqela. Emva kokuba October Revolution kwi Mariinsky Palace kwi amandla ngokupheleleyo bayixhokonxa yaBantu Commissariat kwipropati kunye kwiBhunga lezoQoqosho Ephakamileyo.

Iihambo e St. Petersburg

Xa isixeko kwi Neva iqulethe obukhulu ezininzi izakhiwo, amandulo mihla. Icawa ahlalisane nama izakhiwo yoluntu, kodwa isakhiwo nganye - yinto yinxalenye yembali. capital Northern jikelele - eli ilifa lenkcubeko eRashiya, yeMetro ngempumelelo kwimizobo kunye bokwakha. Kuyo sites kwabakhenkethi grand ukuhlola yinxalenye encinane yabo kufuneka ngaphezu kweveki enye. Ngoko ke, excursions zilungelelaniswe eSt Petersburg, leyo kubandakanya ukutyelelwa ukuya ubuninzi kunye elona lincinane. Iqela ngalinye zabakhenkethi ikhatshwe sisikhokelo, kunye neebhasi bekhululekile asetyenziswa zothutho.

Mariinsky Palace namhlanje - nto kwakhona zelifa lenkcubeko Russia, utyelelo lwakhe ifakwe kuzo zonke iindlela zokhenketho. Ngeemini eziqhelekileyo, iikhaphethi ingakhangelwa evela ngaphandle, kodwa veki kuba ifumaneka ingaphakathi. Le nkqubo utyelelo ezinika zembali sixeko iquka eSt kaIsake Square, yonke St. Petersburg kunye lesikhumbuzo kuPetros mna Nicholas mna, iingxande, ihotele "Angleterre" kaHomer. Ngakumbi umdla ukutyelela eSt kaIsake Cathedral kunye pilasters malachite unique, umgangatho ukuba isilingi, unique umgangatho kaMoses, imifuziselo oluchanekileyo emangalisayo bokwakha ezenziwe Linden serf Maksimom Salinym.

Emva kokutyelela yecawa, ungaya kwi Mariinsky Palace, idilesi yakhe: Square St. bakaIsake, Building 6.