Macquarie - sisiqithi Pacific Ocean. Inkcazelo, imozulu, iifoto

Macquarie Island (Engl Macquarie.) - ummandla encinci Umhlaba 128 macala onke. km. Kubhaliwe iphakathi Australia ne Antarctica kwi kwinxalenye ekumzantsi-ntshona i-Pacific Ocean. Le ndawo lwendawo kumphezulu ikama homonymous Ridge mlilo.

Amanqaku aphezulu njengokuphakama zithathwa obhudlayo Hamilton and Fletcher (malunga 410 neemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle). Ubude side siqithi-34 km ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi, kukho ububanzi-5 km kunye neempawu zayo zejoloji ngenxa yokuba kwindawo yokungqubana of ziitectonic plates, zenzeka ukucudisa nje phezulu ukusuka olwandle inxalenye encinane uqweqwe yolwandle. Kwaye ke kaloku ukuba siqithi abunjwe ubukhulu becala lavas basaltic kwaye andesitic, kwakunye iimveliso wentshabalalo okunene kubo ngenxa ukhukhuliseko.

ziintshukumo zenyikima kule ndawo nangoku phezulu kakhulu. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukuze bahambe evaliwe Macquarie Island. Njani ukuba le nxalenye welizwe? Kaloku, Kakade ke, kolwandle, beqhekeza ngaphezulu kwe-1.5 amawaka eekhilomitha ukusuka kwisiqithi Tasmania. Macquarie ngqo uhlela: 54 ° 37'S. w. kunye 158 ° 51 'ngaphakathi. d.

A incinane

Kukho intelekelelo malunga notyelelo kule ndawo ngokuthi Polynesians kwiinkulungwane 13-14, iindawo zokuhlala okwexeshana, kodwa ubungqina obaneleyo obubonisa ukuba ifunyanwa okwangoku.

Ngokusesikweni, le siqithi yabhaqwa ngo-1810. inqanawa Australian ne Captain F. Hasselboro abandakanyeke whaling. Ngexesha elinye uhambo e-ntshona Pacific Ocean inxalenye ilizwe bafumanisa ukuba kwixesha elizayo, wambiza Macquarie. Isiqithi ithiywe emva koko iRhuluneli-General of New South Wales Laklana Makkuori.

Okwangoku, le ndawo iphantsi kolawulo Australia, ukuba yayo indawo uninzi akumazantsi zwekazi imisebenzi yezolawulo yinxalenye State of Tasmania. Noko ke, kwakukho ixesha xa eRashiya athabatha kuyo. Kwathi emva kotyelelo kwisiqithi ngo-1820, kwiphulo lokuqala Russian Antarctic ikhokelwa yi Bellingshausen.

Ngowe-1948 kwabonakala isikhululo zemozulu. Luqulunqwe yi-Australia. Eyona njongo isikhululo - isifundo kwilizwekazi Antarctica. Ukususela ngo-1978, Macquarie - siqithi, nto leyo unikwa ngokusesikweni ubume ipaka yesizwe. Kwaye emva kweminyaka engama-20, ukususela 1997, ummandla phantsi ukhuseleko yayo wathabatha ukusekwa kwe-UNESCO isikali ehlabathini. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-siqithi kakhulu neempawu ezizodwa zejoloji nezendalo.

sezulu

Wabiza iiholide island kunzima kakhulu, njengoko iimeko zemozulu sendawo, ukuba bathi mncinane, engonwabanga. iimvula Constant, yimimoya enamandla, iqondo elisezantsi - oku oko abantu abaye batyelela isiqithi Macquarie ulindele. Imozulu esilawulwa ulophu, sub-Antarctic. Kuthetha ntoni oku? Okokuqala, ubunzima umoya elirhabaxa, ukubanda ngokwaneleyo. Njengoko umthetho, umoya phantse akayeki unyaka wonke. I-avareji lobushushu air - malunga +5 ° C (akukho mahluko kakhulu ehlotyeni nasebusika).

Kwezulu wonyaka ongowona malunga 1000 mm. Baya kuwa ngokohlobo yimikhwitsho kuwo wonke unyaka. Kudla kukho fogs phezu siqithi kwaye kwelanga apha undwendwe inqabile.

umhlaba emifuno

Macquarie - isiqithi phantse apho kungekho utyani. Lindela ukungafani ayikho kuyimfuneko, njengoko kukho ekhula nje iintlobo ezimbalwa nengca: uninzi sedges, kwakunye Macquarie khaphetshu ikho. Xa amanzi yonxweme Ingca yolwandle eqhelekileyo emdaka.

Ohlala kwi siqithi yaye ecaleni kwakhe?

Izilwanyana zehlabathi siqithi ezininzi ngaphezu isityalo. Le ndawo inkulu apha yoonombombiya, apho zimelwe 4 iintlobo eziphambili: a yobukumkani, iesile, Gentoo kunye ikho. inani lawo elipheleleyo asondele-4 million, kwaye ubungakanani uluntu ngamnye isusela 500 amawaka abantu izibini 200. Penguin Macquarie (Schlegel) izala kuphela kwesi siqithi, kodwa abadala bachitha ixesha elininzi kude kolwandle, lusidla iintlanzi ezincinci, krill kunye zooplankton. Sahlala kunxweme amatywina elephant, yezimvu, seals. Ngokuba ukuzalela ndizinyulele le ndawo iialbatross, petrels, cormorants, skuas kunye terns Antarctic. Macquarie - siqithi, ummandla wonxweme evame iminenga, ubukhulu becala ebusika. Kwezo ndawo apho kukho eninzi ulwelwe, inokufumaneka iintlobo ezingezizo ekujoliswe ngentlanzi abahlanganisele apha umhlambi omkhulu.

Discoverers wesiqithi ngelo xesha kwaziswa apha iikati nemivundla ukuba ibe nempembelelo engentle kummandla we-bume yobulali. Kakade ngawo 1890, iye wanyamalala ngokupheleleyo neentlobo ezizodwa isikhwenene ukutsiba Macquarie ophilayo apha kuphela. Phantsi isisongelo kwaba iintaka yokwakha kunye nezityalo. Kuphela kwinkulungwane xxi, le abavikeli zasendle yakwazi ukuba akhulule siqithi ukusuka kwamanye amazwe kuye njengabaphambukeli, kwaye ngoku akukho neekati okanye imivundla ezishiyekileyo.

labantu

Of abantu izazinzulu sisininzi sabantu 25-40 kuphela abahlala kulo mmandla. Zisebenza kwisikhululo zemozulu Macquarie Island indlela umlindo. Esi sakhiwo ibekwe kumantla siqithi. Kuba abasebenzi apha kwakhiwa izakhiwo zokuhlala kunye nezakhiwo. Ngokusesikweni, le siqithi ivaliwe kubakhenkethi.