Liyenza ntshikilelo. Yintoni circuit liyenza

Intlokoma yenye yeyona ixhaphakileyo kwindalo, ophathekayo. Le mba we livakale ibonakala neenkqubo mechanical, umbane kunye thermal. Ngaphandle intlokoma, asizange sibe unomathotholo, umabonakude, umculo kunye evuna ngexesha lokudlala, ndingasathethi iinkqubo ezisebenzayo diagnostic ezisetyenziswa yesilungu. Enye iintlobo ezininzi umdla yaye iluncedo kwisekethe livakale i ombane ekuvakaleni kwelizwi.

Iziqalelo wesekethe resonant

Intlokoma kungenzeka ekuthiwa-RLC-iisekethe, equka ezi ziqendwana zilandelayo:

• R - resistors. Ezi zixhobo ezinxulumene izinto ekuthiwa njalo-esebenzayo ye yombane, amandla ombane aguqulwa abe bubushushu. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba ukususa amandla ukusuka wesekethe kwaye siguqulwa ngayo ubushushu.
• L - inductance. Inductance kwiisekethe zombane - analog ubunzima okanye inertia kwiinkqubo mechanical. Eli candelo sikakrebe kakhulu kwisekethe de uzama ukwenza oko naluphi na utshintsho. Xa ukukhanda, umzekelo, utshintsho olunjalo utshintsho Velocity. Umphathi wesekethe electric - utshintsho ngoku. Ukuba ngenxa yezizathu ezithile kwenzeka, le inductance silwe loo lenguquko wesekethe.
• C - azibiza ngokuba capacitors, ezo izixhobo ukugcina amandla ombane, kanye njengoko emthonjeni ukugcina amandla. lugxile Inductance kunye noovimba amandla zemagneti, ngelixa intlawulo capacitor lithi ligxininise khona kwaye igcina amandla ombane.

Ingcamango sekethe resonant

Iziqalelo ezingundoqo zezi resonant inductance yesekethe (L) kunye capacitance (C). Le resistor has ukuthambekela damping of oscillations, ngoko isusa amandla avela kumphathi wesekethe. Xa ehlola iinkqubo ezikhoyo kwisekethe resonant, siyazityeshela okwethutyana, kodwa kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba, efana amandla zochuku kwiinkqubo zoomatshini, uxhathiso ombane kule kwiisekethe alunakupheliswa.

Livakale le lombane ekuvakaleni kwelizwi kunye nemisinga

Kuxhomekeka kwindlela yokuqhagamshelana izinto ezibalulekileyo yesekethe livakale kunokuba lezibuko ne ngaxeshanye. Xa uqhagamshela oluthi yesekethe resonant ukuya uphawu umthombo wamandla ombane kunye rhoqo coinciding kunye omoya yendalo, phantsi kweemeko ezithile, apho kuvela impendulo ntshikilelo. Livakale kwi yombane ezinxulumene ngaxeshanye kunye izinto izidubuli ekuthiwa ekuvakaleni kwelizwi kwemisinga.

Le rhoqo yendalo kumphathi wesekethe resonant

Sinako ukuba le nkqubo ukuze oscillate qho yemvelo. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka kuqala akanakuhlawulisa capacitor, njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso ephezulu ngasekhohlo. Xa oku kwenziwe, isitshixo yadluliselwa kwindawo eboniswe kulo mzobo enye ngasekunene.

Ngelo xesha "0", onke amandla ombane agcinwe kwi capacitor, kwaye ngoku kwisekethe ilingana zero (mzobo ungezantsi). Qaphela ukuba imbasa ephezulu capacitor sele kakuhle ityala, umzantsi - negative. Asikwazi ukubona oscillations of elektroni kwisekethe, kodwa umlinganiselo ammeter yangoku, kunye oscilloscope umkhondo ukuxhomekeka kwamaxesha yangoku. Qaphela ukuba T ngexesha lethu - ixesha elithathwayo ukuba bazalise ifom enye oscillation ezichaphazela Electrical Engineering ebizwa ngokuba "ixesha loko."

Ukungena nokuphuma kwezinto ezikhoyo kwicala langasekunene (jonga uMfanekiso ngezantsi). Eneji ikhutshelwa ukusuka ekondensa ukuya kwi inductor. Ngophanya nje lweliso, kusenokubonakala ngathi nqa ukuba inductance inika amandla, kodwa uyafana amandla entshukumo eziqulathwe mass ihamba.

Ukuhamba amandla luphinda lubuyiselwe kubathathi-ekondensa, kodwa qaphela ukuba ezichaseneyo le capacitor sele kutshintshile ngoku. Ngamanye amazwi, kwipleyiti ezantsi ngoku intlawulo esihle kwipleyiti eliphezulu - intlawulo okubi (mzobo ungezantsi).

Le nkqubo ngoku ingqwalasela ngokupheleleyo, kwaye amandla uqala ukugeleza ukusuka ekondensa umva ukuya inductance (jonga uMfanekiso ngezantsi). Ngenxa yoko, i-eneji ngokupheleleyo ubuyele njengesiqalo, kwaye ukulungele ukuqalisa umjikelo ngokutsha.

Amaza oscillation unako yilo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• F = 1 / 2π (LC) ^0,5;

apho: F - kwamaza, L - inductance, C - capacitance.

Ingqalelo kulo mzekelo, inkqubo uyibonakalisa kakuhle emzimbeni ekuvakaleni kwelizwi ombane.

Investigation liyenza ombane

Kwiisekethe LC yokwenene kusoloko kukho ukumelana okuncinane apho lehla nge umjikelo ngamnye ukwandisa awo yangoku. Emva imijikelo eziliqela, umsinga lifinyele ku nothi. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuba 'damping isiginali sinusoidal ". Izinga ukubola yangoku zero ixhomekeke uxhathiso kwisekethe. Nangona kunjalo, lo ukumelana Ukutshintsha amaza omoya oscillations ekuvakaleni kwelizwi wesekethe. Ukuba uxhathiso mkhulu ngokwaneleyo, a oscillation sinusoidal akuyi kwenzeka konke konke loop.

Kucacile ukuba, apho kukho rhoqo ngokwendalo oscillation nga livakale inkqubo excitation. Sikwenza oku kuquka a mbali chain umbane of alternating current (AC), njengoko kubonisiwe ekhohlo. Igama elithi "bume" libonisa ukuba ombane mthombo imveliso yahluka nge frequency ethile. Ukuba umthombo wamandla rhoqo ingqamana amaza endalo wesekethe, kuvela ekuvakaleni kwelizwi ombane.

Imigaqo ivela

Ngoku siqwalasele iimeko ingenzeka ekuvakaleni kwelizwi ombane. Njengoko kubonisiwe kulo mzobo yokugqibela, sabuyela resistor kwisekethe. Ekubeni kungekho resistor ngokwenzekayo yangoku kwisekethe resonant kuya kwandisa ukuba ixabiso eliphezulu emiselwe parameters element wesiphaluka supply namandla. Ukwandisa kweelana le resistor kwisekethe livakale kwandisa utyekelo ukuya eziphango ye yangoku kwisekethe, kodwa aluchaphazeli nezihlandlo intlokoma ekuvakaleni kwelizwi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, imo ombane livakale awufumaneki ukuba amanzi yaloo mmandla livakale uyazanelisa R = 2 (L / C) ^0,5.

Ukusebenzisa yombane intlokoma ukugqithisa radio

Ombane intlokoma lomkhuba kuphela isenzeko umzimba ukwazi. Lidlala indima ebalulekileyo engenazingcingo iteknoloji yonxibelelwano - unomathotholo, umabonakude, zeefoni zeselula. Zidlulisele esetyenziselwa ukugqithisa engenazingcingo yolwazi ngokuyimfuneko ziqulathe busebenze ngokuhlokoma ezineqondo ethile isixhobo ngamnye kuthiwa yenethiwekhi frequency. Esebenzisa-eriyali yokusasaza eqhagamshelwe samaza, ikhala amaza amaza yenethiwekhi apha.

I-eriyali kwelinye indlela isiphelo transceiver esifumana i SIGILL uphawu ulihlangula ukuba wesekethe ukwamkelwa eyenzelwe ngokuhlokoma amaza yenethiwekhi apha. Kucacile ukuba eriyali ifumana ezininzi iimpawu kwi ezitsho ezahlukeneyo, singasathethi ke ingxolo. Ngenxa yobukho kwisixhobo eso siwamkelayo umyalezo lumiselwe eziya kwi-frequency yenethiwekhi yaloo mmandla resonant, umdlali ukhetha kuphela amaza echanekileyo, kucocwa ulwelo ngaphandle zonke engeyomfuneko.

Emva uzingela awo modulated (AM) unomathotholo, ezinikele umqondiso njalo kulowo (LF) liza ziyanyuswa kwaye wondla kwisixhobo isandi nokuvelisa. Olu hlobo elula yeradio olubuthathaka kakhulu ingxolo kunye ukuphazamiseka.

Ukuphucula umgangatho yonke ingcaciso ayifumene kuphuhliswa kunye ngempumelelo kusetyenziswe ezinye iindlela, phambili ngakumbi yokosulela radio, nto leyo nayo isekelwe nokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo tuned resonant.

Frequency kwezwi kunye FM sosasazo elisombulula ezininzi iingxaki kunye amaza erediyo awo modulated umqondiso, kodwa iindleko inkqubo ebalulekileyo transmission xaka. Inkqubo FM-radio izandi ngekhompyutha phecana eziguqulelwe kwi utshintsho ezincinane yenethiwekhi frequency. Piece of izixhobo ezisebenza le ukuguqulwa ibizwa "modulator" lisetyenziswa kunye sixhobo.

Ngako oko, umamkeli kufuneka sifakwe demodulator lokuguqula uphawu emva ibe luhlobo olunokuveliswa ngesandisi-lizwi.

Eminye imizekelo basebenzisa ekuvakaleni kwelizwi ombane

yombane intlokoma njengoko mgaqo kusisiseko efakwe kwi busebenze okucoca ezininzi, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu zobunjineli yombane ukuphelisa iziganeko eziyingozi kunye engafunwayo, kwaye smoothing le pulsation okuvelisa imiyalezo sinusoidal.