Live ugonyo ipoliyo: imiyalelo, iingxelo, ukwakheka, iingxaki. Ipoliyo yesitofu amazwe kunye namagama abo. Zasabela lokugonya ipoliyo

Ugonyo kusoloko sisikhubekiso phakathi kwabasebenzi bezempilo kunye nabazali. Oku kungenziwa ngoko, ukuba wayecinga lugonyo ipoliyo. Uyibambe noba ngomlomo okanye ngenaliti. Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwezi ntlobo kogonyo, leyo kungcono ukukhetha - zama ukuqonda inqaku.

Ipoliyo - a ...

Esi sifo namhlanje kuthathwa ukuba enqabileyo, kodwa hayi kususwe ngokupheleleyo, ngoko ke kungcono ukuba isiphoso. Ipoliyo ibangwa ziintsholongwane kwaye kuphakamisa nophuhliso ukukhubazeka, kwaye akhokelela ebomini yokukhubazeka.

Esi sifo kungabangela ukuba uya qala ukufunda ukusilela bokuphefumla sentliziyo, ngokuba kukho ukushwabana izihlunu ababandakanyekayo iintshukumo uphefumlayo. Loo imeko ekugqibeleni kukhokelela ekufeni.

Kuba namhlanje Akukho nemithi, nto leyo ukumelana ngokupheleleyo esi sifo, ngoko ekuphela kwendlela yokuphuma ugonyo ipoliyo.

Kwilizwe yezonyango, ugonyo kusetyenziswa ukususela-1955, nto leyo ukuba amazwe amaninzi ukuphelisa esi sifo soyikekayo. Okwangoku, emazweni ambalwa kuphela sihleli sisisibetho zokosuleleka.

Iintlobo ngeenkqubo zokugonya ipoliyo

Ke kaloku, kule yokugcina oogqirha kukho Zibini izitofu obunokuthintela ukuvela izifo.

1. lokugonya Oral live Sebino (OPV).
2. Salk (IPV) Inactivated sokugonya.

Ukuba sithethe ngayo isitofu ipoliyo, zombini iintlobo ziqulathe bonke ubungqina ukuya kumhla intsholongwane le sifo - 1, 2, 3. Le ugonyo lokuqala leza kwilizwe lethu, kwaye IPV - kwamanye amazwe, kodwa isicelo sayo eRashiya ukuba i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezeMpilo.

Isitofu sokugonya ezidibeneyo nxamnye isifo somqala omhlophe, pertussis, uminxano, ipoliyo, "Tetrakok" kumafa yayo nayo ine IPV. It ebhaliswe kwilizwe lethu yaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi.

Xa zokugonya ezingabantwana abantwana ukuqala sele ukususela kwiminyaka emithathu. Nakuphi na ukusetyenziswa lugonyo ipoliyo - ngaphandle, umzekelo, "Imovaks Ipoliyo", okanye basekhaya - sinako uxoxe nogqirha wakho kwaye bavakalise bakukhethayo kwaye kwahlolwa.

Ishedyuli nokugonywa

Sezifo iye Ishedyuli kogonyo, leyo zihambe ngqo. ugonyo nganye kwenziwa xa ubudala buthile. Akukho ngaphandle kunye sokugonya nepoliyo. Guide iqulathe inkcazelo eneenkcukacha malunga naloo nto. Ugonyo sokuqala umntwana xa ebuya iinyanga ezintathu. Iqabaza lesibini ogonyo kufuneka uye imizimba zabantwana kusekho iinyanga enye enesiqingatha, uze emva koko ukuba ezinye iinyanga ezi-6 zigonywe izifundo.

Kuba nempembelelo ezinzileyo kunye enokuthenjwa revaccination kufuneka wenziwe, oko kwenziwa ezili-18, yaye emva kokuba ezinye iinyanga ezimbini. ixesha lokugqibela lokugonya kufuneka uye umzimba nje kweminyaka engama-14 ubudala.

Kuloo mazwe apho intsholongwane ebangela isifo ayikho kutshayelwa, ade ase ekupheleni, amachiza kuloo wadi kubeleka. Yena akazange akwazi ukwenza sifo yaye uhlale ixesha elide, ngoko ke kwiinyanga ezimbini epheleleyo kuqala ugonyo.

Kufuneka wazi ukuba ukhuselo nje ixesha-ezintlanu ugonyo ngayo kwesi sifo soyikekayo. Ukuba iyaqhubeka ukusebenza, ezinye ishedyuli sokugonya kulo ephilayo waphula phantsi, akukho mfuneko yokuba baqale kwakhona, kodwa unako ukubamba nje ugonyo ezingekhoyo.

Live ugonyo polio

Olu hlobo lokugonya wadalwa kwinkulungwane yama-20, odumileyo ugqirha Sebino. Kubume bayo kukho buthathaka kakhulu, kodwa ningabadla causative arhente. Ichiza ulwelo bubomvu kunye incasa ekrakra.

Vaccine lingena umzimba lwabasebenzi kwisisu yomlomo, ugqirha nje ivuza amathontsi ambalwa emlonyeni zosana usebenzisa ngokukodwa ezinala sokukhetha umbala. Ekubeni lokugonya ibe ezahlukeneyo zoqhaphelo, imali ngamathontsi libalwa ngokusekelwe oku.

Kubalulekile ukuba kukhunjulwe ukuba isitofu kufuneka bangayifumani kungena esiswini, okanye kukho into nje batshatyalaliswe yaye abayi kuba nefuthe elifunekayo. le zone Ukuthatha oku ingqalelo, unyaka phambi kokuba abantwana ivuza sokugonya elwimini, iqulathe phantse akukho azosala enqanda regurgitation kunokwenzeka.

abantwana abadala kwabawayo phezu tonsils iPalatine. Ukuba usebenzisa isitofu live nxamnye sepoliyo, ingxelo icebisa ukuba xa ugabhe okanye regurgitation kwiintsana phinda ugonyo. Emva kwale Ukuchumisa akanakuba phakathi nto iyure, udle, usele.

Emva wadibana izihlunu lymphoid intsholongwane ngokuthe ngcembe ungena igazi, kunye nayo, yaye emathunjini, apho aqale ukwanda ngamandla. Amajoni omzimba womntu iqala ukuphendula ngokuhlasela kwezinto ezingaqhelekanga omzimba yokuqaphela, baya kuba ukhuseleko ethembekileyo nxamnye ntsholongwane eliphezulu-grade. Ukuba umntu ujongene lolunye uhlobo eliphilileyo, amajoni omzimba isebenze ngokukhawuleza omzimba kwakheka abayithintelayo uphuhliso izifo.

ugonyo Ipoliyo (OPV) inomsebenzisi onjalo: abantwana emva kogonyo isibini kweenyanga ndinikhululele kokusingqongileyo yobunzima yentsholongwane emoyeni eziphelelwe lixesha, ukuthimla, ngaloo ndlela 'ukugonya' elinye, nelebhokhwe elinye.

Ukusabela ku nokugonywa

Xa abantwana, nesenzeko zilandelayo kunokwenzeka emva kogonyo:

• Ngamana ziphakamisa kancinci iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni. Oku kwenzeka phakathi 5 ne-14 imini emva kogonyo.
• Abanye waphawula isitulo disorder, unesisu esihambisayo, okanye ukuqhina kwiintsuku zokuqala ezimbalwa.

Loo asabela ngayo lugonyo ipoliyo nanjengokwesimo kwaye lali- abazali. Kwathi kamsinya Zonke ezi mpawu kwaye musa ukuba naluphi na unyango.

Iingxaki emva kogonyo

Isitofu sokugonya yipoliyo nako kunokubangela iingxaki. Phakathi kwazo kukho ezi zilandelayo:

• Ngokuchasene yangasemva uphuhliso lokugonya yepoliyo. Le meko kungenzeka ukuba ugonyo olo kwenziwa ngokungqinelana nemithetho kunye iimpazamo, umzekelo, ngokuchasene sisifo esosulelayo komntwana, iziphene, iingxaki iphecana zesisu.
• Uphuhliso ziyabagulisa ngohlobo iimpumlo ezivuzayo, irhashalala.

Xa ubona naziphi ezibonisa ibitheni abazali kufuneka ngokuqinisekileyo ubize ugqirha. Kodwa ke amaxesha amaninzi oku lokugonya ipoliyo na izigxeko elungileyo - kulula ukuba baphathe abantwana.

Izimo babase kwisitofu OPV

Olu hlobo ugonyo esinokwenziwa ukuba:

• Ukuba une-HIV.
• Kukho iindidi yamathumba emzimbeni.
• Ufumana corticosteroids okanye cytostatics.
• Ukuba usapho immunodeficiency ogulayo, kufeza kwakhona contraindication ukuba ugonyo.

Ukuba akukwazi ukwenza OPV, oko akuthethi akuthethi ukuba uhlobo olunye ogonyo nazo ziya contraindicated.

lokugonya inactivated

Olu hlobo ogonyo wadalwa 1950 yi Salk. Isitofu sokugonya ipoliyo olu guqulelo eyahlukileyo kancinane. Yena, ngokungafaniyo OPV iqulathe yintsholongwane, bangabi formalin. Ukuyikhulula ngendlela isirinji ezilahlwayo, apho kukho nedosi enye ye-0.5 ml.

Yaqalisa ugonyo olo ipoliyo - isikhokelo yazisa ngale - apha emagxeni okanye womlenze, ngoko kuqhubeka nisela ulawulo okanye nokuthintela ukusetyenziswa ukutya ayikho imfuneko.

Ukuthathwa kwamagciwane abafileyo kuzakubangela ukuyilwa omzimba, xa ukudibana uhlobo live kuya kusikhusela nxamnye nophuhliso ipoliyo.

Indlela umzimba esabela ngayo ugonyo olo

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba isitofu ayiqulathanga intsholongwane live, lingakwazi bamqumbise ezinye ngayo. Phakathi kwabo, uninzi zilandelayo:

• Abanye kuvela ububomvu kuyo inaliti kunye iindumbisa okuncinane.
• Iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni nayo ngcono kakhulu.
• It kuphazanyiswa ukutya, kwaye kukho abathile inkxalabo.

Isitofu sokugonya ipoliyo iye iirivyu HIV kwaye njenge khusalekileyo ngakumbi. Ezi izigqibo zisekelwe phezu yokuba nje akasakwazi ukuqala uphuhliso ogonyo sepoliyo, ekuveliseni idosi enye, ngoko akukho ingozi libanda. Ugonyo ngenaliti, ngoko ke asikwazi kuwuhlanza, njengoko eyenzeka abantwana phantsi amathontsi OPV.

IPV ayiboniswanga

Olu hlobo Ugonyo contraindicated phambi kukwalisa amayeza ezithile, ezi ziquka:

• "Streptomycin".
• "Kanamycin".
• "Neomycin".
• "Polymyxin B".

Contraindication kwakhona ibe mngundo kakhulu idosi wangaphambili.

Ngubani na uhlobo ugonyo

isetyenziswa Enoba sokugonya nepoliyo, kukho States ezinjalo kunye nezifo apho zigonywe contraindicated:

1. Ubukho kwezifo ezosulelayo ngexesha gonyo. Zigonywe kule meko kunokwenzeka kuphela emva kokuba eziphilayo ziya ukuphelisa esi sifo kwaye zikhula ngokupheleleyo.
2. Ukuba unayo izifo ezingapheliyo, ugonyo kufuneka kwenziwe kuphela xa ixesha kuxolelwe izinzile.
3. Isizathu sokuba kukusilela agonye inokuba ukubonakala ukudumba kakhulu, ubushushu, ibonwa ezikumila kunje emva kogonyo yangaphambili.
4. ekondleni umntwana.

Ipoliyo abe amagama ahlukeneyo, kodwa Izimo kufuneka luthathelwe ingqalelo, kungenjalo ngeke sikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukungabikho yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye iingxaki. Oku kusebenza kuphela kwabo ziveliswa kwilizwe lethu, kodwa amazwe.

Logama nje jikelele ziya lingacinywa ngokupheleleyo le sifo esibi, ingxaki yokugonya iya kuhlala ezifanelekileyo. Kule ncwadi yakutshanje kwi Internet zinokufunyanwa isixa esikhulu solwazi eziphikisanayo. Abanye bathi ukuba ugonyo - kuyingozi, kunye nabaxhasi enye imfundiso - ukuba i ilikhubalo lokunyanga izifo ezoyikekayo.

Akumangalisi ukuba abazali abaninzi baye baqala kutshanje ukuba ashiye naziphi ugonyo. Ipoliyo lwamachiza iwela kolu didi. Kakade ke, kufuneka zigonywe okanye ziwushiye - wonke isigqibo ngokwakhe.

Kodwa wonke umntu kufuneka azi ukuba ukusilela agonye kunokukhokelela kwintlekele, ukuba ngesiquphe endleleni eya kukhawulela intsholongwane ebangela isifo ezinzulu. Ndingathanda ukucebisa: ngaphambi kokuba wenze ukhetho lwakho wakhetha ugonyo okanye ngokuchasene nayo, kufuneka balujongisise ngenyameko mba kwaye inobunzima elungileyo nengalunganga koko.

Kwaye ke kungcono ukuba umntu onjalo yingcali abanobuchule, ukuba ukufunda ukubuyekeza kwi Internet, ngoko musa bazisola isigqibo sakhe. Yiba kakuhle kwaye ukhathalele abantwana bakho, khumbula ukuba impilo yabo Usezandleni zakho.