Lens yehlukana

Lens - umzimba ekhanyayo, nto leyo anqongophele ngenxa kumphezulu ungqukuva okanye zezindlu. Ukwahlula abo Iintlobo yayo: khaxa kunye phakathi.

Ubume umzimba yeglasi

A phakathi (lens negative) kwaye khaxa (adibeneyo) kuqulatha iindawo ububanzi elibhityileyo. Kuye uchithachithayo olubanzi ekupheleni olomileyo kweli ziko, kwaye lens adibeneyo - phezu koko.

Beka ezo izidumbu iglasi kwindawo apho kukho isalathisi zokunganyangeki enkulu ngaphezu index zokunganyangeki lens ekhankanywe ngasentla. Emva koko ukufumana lens negative iipropati ngokuhlangeneyo - vice versa.

Centre kwisigaba, inxalenye yayo phezu umzimba, kuthiwa iziko amagophe. Ukuba omnye kumphezulu wayo tyaba, ngoko athi yena e yokungapheli.

Umgca othe ngqo oqhagamshelanisa amaziko ugobile imiphezulu leyo ungqukuva kwimilo, ichazwa esqwini omkhulu optical. Kuyinto aa Incopho kumphezulu lens kwezo amanqaku, leyo iza kunqumla. Khomba elele esqwini woqondo kweli ziko, liziko optical. Nayiphi line ukuba idlule liziko imo yekona ilungelo esqwini engundoqo, uthathwa engalindelekanga.

Kwinqanaba apho yonke rays, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, ezi eyayingqalene esqwini woqondo emva asakhulayo ukusuka ilens kuthiwa into eza kuqala. Ingongoma apho uza kuqhubeka imisebe ezilusali, elibizwa okubonakala ekugxilwe lens yehlukana.

Umgama ukusuka kwiziko (wayebhekisela ziko optical) lomzimba iglasi ingqalelo ubude ebalulekile. -Moya, nto leyo uthathele kwindawo ekujoliswe kunye, bona, akunika aa Incopho esqwini woqondo kuthiwa focal.

Ukuze enze umfanekiso kwi ukusasazeka kwe-lens into, ebonelela lens, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukwakha umfanekiso amanqaku kakhulu. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba imisebe kuwa phezu umzimba yeglasi iya kuba eyayingqalene axis engundoqo woqondo, xa kuza noyicandisa ingqwalasela. A imitha leyo kuwa phezu ilens kwingqwalaselo, emva hamba msebe ngaxeshanye. Ukuba umqadi hits iziko woqondo, emva kokuba iphume kuyo, uya kuhamba kwicala elinye, oko kukuthi, awusayi refracted.

Aveza umgama ukusuka ku gqiba ilens ngu b, kunye nomgama ukusuka lens umfanekiso - ngokusebenzisa v, ngelixa ubude amanqaku V, ngoko inxaki ilandelayo isemthethweni:

1 / b + 1 / v = 1 / V.

Olo equation uthathwa ilensi ifomula. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukujonga umgama ukuya umfanekiso into kwi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo isalamane webhunga yeglasi.

Ukuba ekugqibeleni lo mgama uya kuphuma ezimbi, libonisa ukuba umfanekiso injongosenzi kwicala elinye lens kwento. Ngoko ke, ukuba lens negative, ubude zizityalelo ixabiso kwifomula yokugqibela mazithathwe umqondiso thabatha, njengokuba awukwazi ukuthintelwa engenaxabiso.

Ixabiso, owona ubude kusiyiwa emva focal, ngokwamandla optical. It ulinganiswa diopters. Ukwazi imilinganiso yalo mfanekiso, nto leyo enika ilens, kwaye ubukhulu yinto kumiselwa ukwanda yomgama, enika umzimba yeglasi. Oku kunyuka lulwahlulo umfanekiso ukuphakama ukuya ukuphakama into ngokwayo.

Diffuser. ukwenza umfanekiso

Le ndaba e yokungapheli. Ke umfanekiso into aya kuba kugxininiswa ngengqondo. imilinganiso yalo kunye parameters sigqibe kuphela, ekubeni ixabiso ngqo ayikwazi ukwenzeka.

Injongosenzi kumgama encinane ukusuka emzimbeni yeglasi. Kuba lens yehlukana, zazingathandanga ukuba isifundo, umfanekiso walo uya kusoloko kwicala elinye ilens, apho ngendaba ngokwayo. Lo mfanekiso uya kuncitshiswa, ecingelwayo kunye ngqo.