Le yesinxibo yesizwe amaYuda: iifoto, inkcazo

Ngubani na igama imiqondiso eziyintloko umahluko phakathi amaYuda avela kwezinye iintlanga? Idrama National. Inkcazelo kuyo kwaye iya kunikelwa ingqalelo yakho inqaku, njengoko endombathisayo isoloko sokunikela umYuda esihlweleni.

AmaYuda - Iqela labantu zapadnosemitskoy entsha Arabhu kunye amhartsam (Ethiopia). Ewe, kusenokubonakala ngathi engaqhelekanga, nisilwa njalo yaye musa bethandana namanye Arabhu amaYuda - kwezalamane ezisondeleyo, malunga nendlela Russian nezibonda.

Noko ke, inkolo, inkcubeko ngokubanzi kunye nempahla ingakumbi phakathi kwezi zizwe andiyithandi. AmaYuda Traditional banxibe ezimibalabala kakhulu kubabaze bale hlanga esihlweleni. Abantu bale mihla yaye kude unqulo - nendlela amaYuda ukunxiba ngokupheleleyo ngokusekelwe iinkolelo zonqulo - kusenokubonakala ukuze eyinqaba, yaye ezinye lixesha, 'anachronistic. " Yintoni costume yesizwe wamaYuda? Black zangaphantsi, iminqwazi, amabhanti - ezi zinto yesinxibo bamaYuda "ubiza ikhadi" ye umYuda. A kancinane ngaphantsi eyaziwa skullcap - Trâm. Noko ke, le nto zonke iinkcukacha yokugcina yamaYuda. Yintoni costume yesizwe wamaYuda? Photo kweli nqaku lisibonisa ukuba umfanekiso komYuda, benxibe ngokungqinelana nemigaqo yabantu bakhe.

clothing emibonweni yamaJuda

izinxibo kaZwelonke kwizizwana amaYuda kuba iingcambu zawo ngamakhoboka. Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, ukuba atshintsha rhoqo, kwaye isizathu sokuba - umnqweno of amaYuda ukuba zizenze (emva onke, kumazwe amaninzi ayengavunyelwa ukuba baphile konke konke, okanye avunyelwe ukuba ahlale kwiindawo ezimiselwe ngqongqo) okanye ukuyifunda. liyavela mkhuba zakutshanje ekuqaleni XІX ngenkulungwane: lisekwa abamele abantu yamaYuda bagqiba ukutshintsha ngubo yabo yemveli impahla European; baqalisa ukunxiba ukumila baloo maxesha - njengoko ekusetyenzisweni yesiHebhere ibandakanya elide kakhulu iingubo ezimnyama neminqwazi. Kamva lo style "balondoloze 'yaye yaba njengenye yeenketho" lwamaJuda "neengubo, ngoxa abanye zehlabathi, waphuma fashion.

Kodwa lo yenguqu linentsingiselo ethile - kazwelonke, enzululwazi yeengcinga zezenkolo. Umgaqo kwayo kubonakala ukuba bhalo ethandwayo. Amba ekuqaleni XІX ngenkulungwane omnye loo maYuda abafundileyo beza urabhi, ngokungathi umgcini yokuhlonela yamandulo, waza wagqiba "qhobosha", wabuza, "Rebbe, yaye yintoni ukunxiba kukhokho wethu uAbraham?". Le rabbi waphendula ezolile: "Nyana wam, andazi ukuba ukunxiba Abraham - abantu benxibe isilika okanye shtreimel; kodwa ndiyazi kakuhle indlela wanyula iingubo zakhe wakhangela ngathi ilokhwe ezintlangeni, yaye enxibe ngendlela eyahlukileyo. "

Eneneni, kangangeenkulungwane amaYuda ebefuna kwahluka kuzo zonke ezinye iintlanga, wawenza inzondelelo ngaphezu ezinye izizwe zasempumalanga. Yobuhedeni inkolo yamaYuda nangoku bayala ukubiza 'ubuhedeni "(nangona, ngqongqo kwi inzululwazi kule" yobuhedeni "abanokuthathelwa ingqalelo ngaphandle kokuba ukholo yamaYuda, ekubeni Oku akazange eve ukuxubana emahlelweni angaphandle).

umculo yamaYuda, ukupheka, isimilo, iimpahla - konke oku kumele kube njalo kanye nabanye, kodwa kanye oko luzakujongeka ngayo, izinto ezincinane. Nkqu zaseKosher - uluhlu zokupheka (hayi kuphela) ezi mfundiso - amaYuda amaninzi Orthodox zitolikwe kuphela: "zaseKosher saqaliswa ukuze ukwahlula amaYuda non-amaYuda." Ngokufanayo, ulwaluko ...

Akumangalisi ukuba yaseYurophu Western yesinxibo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yokugqibela ngoku ngokusemthethweni ingqalelo i impahla yemveli yamaYuda. yesinxibo National of amaYuda e-Russia libonakala ngandlel engaqhelekanga engaqhelekanga, kodwa ke isithethe abanye abantu ekufuneka ukuba ahlonitshwe.

skullcap

Le Trâm efanayo. AmaJuda avela eSoviet Union uye ucinge ukuba igama layo livela igama Russian Ermolai. Kodwa xa befika kwaSirayeli, abantu balapha bachaza ukuba umnqwazi ligama elithi "yere kaMalka" - ". Owoyika uYehova" Oko kukuthi, enxibe yarmulke, ngethiyori, ithetha ukuba umnini wayo kakhulu kwaye ukholelwa ngamandla kuThixo.

Indlela ukukhetha yarmulke?

Ukukhetha yarmulke - umsebenzi akuyona elula njengoko kubonakala ukuba uninitiated. Le igcina Israeli ukuba uthengiswe iminqwazi zesiqhelo - ezishelfini wabeka skullcap iindidi zobungakanani, izixhobo, imibala kunye nezimbo. Nangona kunjalo, hlobo luni lomthengi aya kuyinyula - kuxhomekeke kuhlobo inkolo yakhe, kunye nesimo sengqondo. Umzekelo, i-Hasidim musa asiyiboni velvet kunye skullcap ababezenzile. A umYuda zenkolo uzuza ivale isimbo, zigugile ekuhlaleni kwakhe. Oku kubonise imigaqo zobuYuda: kubonakala bangaphandle monolithic, yehlelo efanayo, kodwa eneneni yahlulahlulwe yaba yentlaninge zeentshukumo, iimfundiso ezahlukeneyo, imithetho, iimpahla, njalo-njalo Ulwalamano phakathi imilambo emininzi kude friendly ...

cape

yesinxibo yamaYuda luquka ekapa. NgesiHebhere ibizwa ngokuba "tallit katan" okanye "arbekanfes". Njengoko skullcap, nalo attribute olusisinyanzelo costume yamaYuda. Undinike isiqwenga quadrangular ngesixhobo i Umqala intloko iibhrashi ezine (Tzitzis) emiphethweni. Koloni ezifakwa phantsi kwempahla okanye isemzimbeni phezulu ihempe, kodwa brush lusoloko ibekwe phezu bhulukhwe. ibrashi ngalinye imisonto ezisibhozo. Apha kwakhona, kukho izinto mava imisinga ezithile zobuYuda.

Le nxalenye umdla kwaye imfihlakalo - enye (kusenokubakho ezimbini) ngomsonto esandleni, zipeyintwe ngombala oluhlaza. Oku kuthetha ukuba umnini ekapa - Radzinsky okanye Izhbitsky Hasid. Ngokuphathelele imvelaphi ezi zixhobo banentsomi. Kukholelwa ukuba ipeyinti blue - "theylet" - waya ilokhwe yamaYuda kumaxesha amandulo, kodwa kwiminyaka engamawaka amabini eyadlulayo, lidakile iresiphi yakhe. Ekupheleni elinethoba urabhi Hasidic kwinkulungwane bakaGershon nguHanoki-ndafumana theylet kwakhona, kodwa iresiphi sele ebenganakanwa luninzi abameli bamaYuda njengoko "kanye" ipeyinti. Ngoko ke, lo kobulungu theylet kuphela ezi ntshukumo zamaYuda.

Enyanisweni, ukuzama ukubuyisela i iresiphi wamandulo aze theylet azithathele Abaphengululi abaninzi Western abangamaYuda ukususela kumaXesha Aphakathi. Igalelo lakhe kule ezenziwe abembi abahlola iintsalela nezityalo, kunye ekhemisi mihla.

Limsi, ngokutsho izimiso zonqulo, kufuneka kunxitywa bonke abantu abaye bafikelela kweminyaka eli-13 ubudala. Oku kuthetha ukuba kwiminyaka uninzi (Bar Mitzvah). Ukunxitywa iibhrashi ubungqina ukuba le nkwenkwe bakwazi ukuphendula ngezenzo zabo ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwimicimbi abadala, kubandakanywa ufunde kwaye uxoxe iTorah kwindlu yesikhungu.

"Casekits" kunye nomnqwazi

yesinxibo National of amaYuda ngokuyimfuneko iquka umqhele. Linxibe yarmulke onyanzelekileyo wonke umYuda zonqulo. Noko ke, ngokuqhelekileyo ifihlakele phantsi umqhele yesibini. Oku kunokuba ikepusi, umnqwazi okanye "casekits" (aka "dashek") - indlela cap ubudala. Le yokugqibela idumile ingakumbi namaYuda Russian kwaye Polish, kuquka Hasidim.

Kodwa waziwa kakhulu zesithethe umnqwazi omnyama. AmaJuda ndinxiba zona evekini. Musa ukucinga ukuba onke iminqwazi kwalilo; kuba inkangeleko yakhe kwi nobuntu umnini wayo, unako ukuxelela nangaphezu nencwadana leyo yokundwendwela. ubungakanani umnqwazi, indawo yayo phezu kwentloko, ubume umsipha, kunye nezinye izinto ze umboniso, kuyo njengomlambo ebuYudeni bobabo kumnini iminqwazi nkqu na iwonga ekuhlaleni.

Shtraymbl

Shtraymbl - oku uhlobo lwesithathu ngesigqubuthelo, eyinxenye ye costume wesizwe yamaYuda. Kodwa wathi akubulela wababela kuphela Hasidim. Shtraymbl - zezindlu uboya cap. Kananjalo iintlobo ezininzi ezingaphezulu kweshumi elinesibini. Kule meko kukho amaqela ezinkulu amathathu: umrholo shtraymbl - ebanzi phantsi, ifomu echanekileyo; Chernobyl - elisezantsi, ngakumbi free-form; kwaye spodik - noboya umnqwazi eliphezulu kakhulu. Shtraymbl Hasidim sinxibe kuphela ngezihlandlo ezikhethekileyo - ngoMhla wokuPhumla, emitshatweni kunye nezinye mibhiyozo, ngethuba bekutyelelo urabhi. Kukho iintlobo shtraymbla inxitywa kuphela iinkokheli zoluntu.

Tie isilevu

Kukho izinto isinxibo, ezihlonipha kuphela abathile bamaYuda. Omnye wabo - neqhina. Lilungelo leSebe kuphela a Litvak. Kodwa ke ubuhlobo Hasidim nokuwubona sabandithiyileyo; oko kwenziwa kukuba ukuba isenzo lokuqala ukuba tie ngeqhina wokubopha kuqhina umnqamlezo ezimise. Yonke into enxulumene emnqamlezweni, nenzondelelo umYuda abafanele ndiwuthiyile.

Enye inxalenye "iimpahla" - ngeendevu. Amanye amaJuda ecocekileyo-ndachetywa, abanye kakuhle engazichazanga iindevu, kodwa Hasidim zazingalamkeli kwako nakuphina lelasesilevini, ngoko ke kakhulu zabo exineneyo ezimnyama phakathi onke amaYuda.

imisila

Yintoni enye ngenisa costume yesizwe wamaYuda? Kwezinye iindawo (umz, y Litvak) walondoloza esenziwa yaseYurophu iingqiqo ngubo element nje idyasi. Yena ubuye omnyama, elide kwaye akukho iipokotho. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, bamaqhosha ingubo yakhe ilokhwe (kwaye nayiphi na menswear umYuda) zibambene ukwenzela ukuba i-phantsi ekunene ukuba ekhohlo - ". Njengokuba umfazi," oko kukuthi, ukususela ngengcamango umYuda, AmaJuda banxibe tailcoat, ngokuqhelekileyo ngexesha le holide.

Yintoni costume yesizwe wamaYuda? Amafoto kweli nqaku kubonisa ngokucacileyo into enemibala engaqhelekanga ukuba ngendlela elula yaseYurophu iimpahla. Ukuze ezininzi kubonakale engaqhelekanga, kodwa oku amaYuda kunye neempawu. Iqinile kuyo, izimvo zabo bebambelele izithethe zabo. Kwaye ezi mpawu babengayi ukuthintela isizwe ngasinye!