Le icon opeyintayo Andrei Rublev: biography, ubuchule

art Russian igcina emininzi imisebenzi emikhulu ebhalwe ukuwubamba brush. Konke oku kunganxulunyaniswa ngokupheleleyo kumntu ngamnye Russian opeyintayo icon, ogama lakhe kuye kwafika kubo bonke.

imisebenzi ezininzi wadala Andrei Rublev, kwincwadi engobomi bakhe ethi - yokuqinisekisa ecacileyo.

Basics yokuphila: ebuntwaneni kunye neminyaka lokuvuthwa

Ngomhla ubomi opeyintayo icon Russian, lamiselwa ngexesha lethu ukuze abangcwele, namhlanje abazi lutho.

ukuzalwa kwakhe lidla ezinxulumene ukususela 1360 okanye, kwezinye imithombo, iminyaka 1370.

Kwakhona awucacanga abazali bakhe. Mhlawumbi afika evela kwiklasi entle, kwaye mhlawumbi abalimi ezilula. Kukho ingcamango yokuba beza nguyise lomculi Russian ukususela kwiklasi yezandla. Esi sigqibo senziwa egameni lakhe, njengoko rubel - yenye izixhobo ukuchwela. Nangona kukho ezinye iinguqulelo kunokwenzeka.

Kungenzeka, uAndreya - a emishini igama iconographer. Igama elinikiweyo kuye ekuzalweni, walahlekelwa kwiinkulungwane.

Ukuphawulwa yale indela kunye isipho esimangalisayo sikaThixo zinxulumene ukuya kwiminyaka-1405 no-1408. Bona enxulumene ne imizobo of icawa, ezibe kubonakala yemihla.

esaphila Historical Andrei Rublev

Kwakufuneka ndenze ntoni bam indela ubomi opeyintayo icon Andrei Rublev. engobomi bakhe ethi, nangona inkcazelo encinane, kodwa kusenza siqonde oko ngexesha wahlala kulo mculi Russian.

Ithuba zembali yaba nzima, kodwa akazange xesha lula eRashiya.

Kukholelwa ukuba Andrei Rublev wazalelwa eMoscow ulawulo, nto leyo elinamava kwisiqingatha sesibini ngenkulungwane ye-14, ixesha esinzima. EMoscow alwa yaseTver ukuba ilungelo ukukhokela urhulumente ezizizishunqu Russian, leyo Lahexa ke feuds zembujiswano kunye senzo anayo ngabahlaseli abavela. Ukongeza, ukuba kule minyaka e Moscow, isibetho ehlokomayo, ukuba ekhohlo, ngoko emva kwakhona, zingayeki a ubomi iwaka.

Kwathi 1380 kwafika odumileyo Battle of Kulikovo, ezaba ekuqaleni inkululeko zala mazwe Russian ukusuka emandleni khans Golden anayo yaye ulawulo eMoscow phakathi kwezinye izixeko Russian.

Kweli xesha kwakukho enkulu ongcwele Russian uSergiyo of Radonezh igama ebantwini. Ngeli xesha wabhala ubuso bakhe emangalisayo kunye icon opeyintayo Andrei Rublev.

Kwaye, nangona ukuntsokotha, ixesha yaye ezinye ukukhanya mbono, leyo wabanika ithemba lokuba Russia uza kukwazi ukuba uzalwe waba namandla olomeleleyo bakhanyiselwa ngokomoya.

Andrew seal Sergeeva Lavra

Phakathi amakhulu ambalwa, xa igama Rublev likaThixo ifakiwe kule ncwadi Russian, bamxelela ukuba uAndreya wafunda opeyintayo ubuchule icon esemncinane phantsi kolwalathiso amagcisa abanamava Emnye-uSergiyo Monastery. Kwathi xa umfundi of St. uSergiyo of Nikon, nayo ngelika Radonezh.

Ubukhulu becala kuphuhliso abafana iphenjelelwa emishini oluntu feat le umphathi yokuqala yale weemonki. Kakade ke, umzekelo uSergiyo waphefumlela Andrew oselula ukudala umfanekiso omkhulu ngokomoya.

icon Rublev yaye, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, odumileyo yakhe "uBathathu Emnye,", ezinjenge icon ezigcinwe woonongendi, apho kamva bafumana amakhulu nabagxeki eminyaka zobugcisa, watsho isakhono yamandulo mculi.

ko isigodlo

Ngaphezu koko, indlela yobomi wakhokela seal uAndreya e kuAndroniko woonongendi, yasekwa njengomfundi St. uSergiyo ogama ko. ngomzobi onesiphiwo bangento Amanene ixesha. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba omnye woonyana nguDmitry Donskogo Vasiliy Dmitrievich wamema Andrei Rublev ukupeyinta amagumbi kwibhotwe kwi yesicelo.

Ubuchule Andrei Rublev waba ngokuthe benza ingqalelo bomhla. Encwadini yeembali 1405, echaza ukuba lo, indela ebethanda ekupeyinteni Annunciation Cathedral e Moscow, kunye nabadlali adumileyo ixesha Theophanes, uWele amaGrike, kwaye umdala i Prokhorov. Nangona kunjalo, ezi imizobo de namhlanje khange aye alondolozwa ngenxa ngokutsha isonto ezukileyo.

Icons of the Annunciation Cathedral

Annunciation Cathedral akafihlakalanga zigcinwe, kodwa ezinye ummangaliso, ukuba yasinda icon-ukupeyinta ubuso le ndlu. Zonke ii icon ezisixhenxe kuthiwa ibrashi le womzobi.

Rublev kaThixo icon - i "iKrismesi", "Ubhaptizo", "Entry eYerusalem", "I Annunciation", "Candlemas," Le Ukukhulisa kukaLazaro "yaye" Transformation ".

Le icon, ezinye zazo nangoku zigcinwe iimyuziyam kweli lizwe, ezifana odumileyo Tretyakov Gallery, mangaza ababukeli kungekuphela sisincoko ngempumelelo kunye uhlobo ezikhethekileyo imifanekiso ezonga kwimbonakalo yabo, kodwa ibinzana ekhethekileyo kubhaliweyo kule inkangeleko. Le msulwa ngokomoya engaqhelekanga kunye nokholo olunzulu.

Ngokugqibeleleyo yayifana palette umbala komeleza kuphela le imvakalelo.

Ingqikelelo Cathedral Vladimir

Enye nal biography of Rublev kubhalwa yeziKronike kangaka, yaba umsebenzi kunye nezinye ngabapeyinti belo xesha phezu imizobo ze ngombono Cathedral. Kwathi malunga 1408.

Ukongezelela nokupeyinta iindonga, zinkosi sesenze ubuso angumqondiso, ezinye zazo ngoku kwiimyuziyam. UMzila Russian vutshila yamandulo Rus ilondoloza hayi kuphela Museum Andreya Rubleva, kodwa Tretyakov Gallery.

Yaba ngeli xesha, ngomgwebo zobugcisa, i icon adumileyo inkosi yabhalwa phantsi kwesihloko "Lady Lwethu Vladimir."

Kungenzeka, kule seal Cathedral Andrei sele besebenza kunye nabafundi. Namhlanje wonke umntu uyakwazi ukubona apha ezinye imizobo yakhe wakubuza imizwa yabo kunye bakhanyiselwa ngokomoya okhethekileyo.

Church of the zintathu Ongcwele

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba kwenye indawo 20. ithe-ngenkulungwane ye-15 Daniil Cherny kunye Andrei Rublev (iminyaka ezi loqikelelo) babesebenza imizobo yebandla kaBathathu Emnye oyiNgcwele, elakhiwa phezu kwendawo yokungcwaba uMfundisi umphathi uSergiyo Pawulos.

Le tempile yakhiwa ngamatye (usekhona unanamhla). Noko ke, esekelwe isonto hayi esekhona kule mini, kodwa namhlanje ungabona ezi icon Rublev wadala le nkonzo. Oku "UPawulos", "Mikayele uMikayeli" yaye "Ubhaptizo." Indlela yokubhala kunye nomfanekiso ubuchule izibalo ezi imifanekiso kufutshane kakhulu indlela edume "uBathathu Emnye." Andrei Rublev Museum egcina ubutyebi nanto.

Ngokutsho yemicimbi yemihla, comrade Andrei Rublev - monk Daniyeli, uWele Black, wafa kanye kuBathathu Emnye Lavra. Apha ke wangcwatywa. noBawo Andrew wangena kuAndroniko woonongendi, apho ukudala imisebenzi yabo yakutshanje.

umsebenzi Recent iconographer

Ngokutsho izazinzulu, umsebenzi yokugqibela inkosi yaba ekupeyinteni uMsindisi Church, koko wagqibezela malunga 1428.

ubomi zokudala wayehlala Andrei Rublev, biography wegcisa isixelela umhla, ixesha nendawo lokufa kwakhe.

I odumileyo Russian opeyintayo icon wafa ngoJanuwari 1430 (mhlawumbi Januwari 29). Yena wangcwatyelwa eMoscow, e Andronik Monastery (endleleni, ngenxa yokuba uyise Andrei Rublev wafumana apha indawo yabo yokugqibela yokuphumla, zange linxuwa lo eMonastri yamandulo ngexesha eSoviet).

Ngowe-1989, kumakhulu eminyaka kamva, uyise Andrew kaThixo yiCawa Russian Church njengengcwele.

Ubuchule Andrei Rublev: ezifunyaniswe malivakale Zvenigorod

Name ngomzobi Russian of Russia yamandulo zazimbambezela wangcwatywa lwanyamalala ukuba kungekhona ngenxa into emangalisayo owenza Igor Grabar. Ngengozi, kwidolophu ezolileyo ipoma ka Zvenigorod, kufutshane netempile endala bafumanise icon emangalisayo, apho, njengoko kwaba, babengamalungu esandleni Andreya Rubleva. Kwaye Ndibeka oku efumaneka barn eqhelekileyo!

Icons ebizwa "irenki Zvenigorod", yaye kuphela emva komzuzwana Kwazeka oko ukuba umbhali kubo Andrei Rublev. A ibikukujonga nje ngokufutshane ezi zenzo.

Okungcono eyaziwayo yezi icon othi "wamhlangula" ugcinwe inxalenye kuphela. Kodwa amehlo kaKristu, wathetha kuye ujonge abantu mangaza ababukeli. Singatsho ngokuzithemba ukuba icon lomntu ngokujonga kuthi uThixo umntu, akanayo isono ezaliswe ingqiqo uthando kunye nothando zonke izidalwa eziphilayo nemfesane ongenasiphelo.

Zonke nyoba yalo icon (njengoko kubhaliwe zigcinwa Tretyakov Gallery) akakwazi ukuyeka yakhe ebusweni bakhe. Apho ke, eyintsusa "uBathathu Emnye" igcinwa kwi Tretyakov Gallery ,. Isiphelo sale icon umdla kakhulu.

intsingiselo abaninzi zaphezulu imali kwindalo lwabo Andrei Rublev. Biography wegcisa engenako ukutyhila kuthi imfihlelo indlela imonki elula Russian yakwazi ukuba banyukele phezulu ezinjalo amakafikelelwe ngokomoya misava leyintshwa ya Xikwembu. Mhlawumbi Exupery waba ekunene: "Yintoni na ibalulekile ayibonakali iliso."

Kuba eminyaka lo icon nkomoni imivuzo enzima kunye enkulu, ivaliwe kuzo zonke ezi impahla, yaye kuphela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela, ababhali-mbali zobugcisa nako ukuvula ukusuka ezithile ngokwezinga kweenkulungwane niqonde ukuba ngaba wobugcisa lokwenyaniso.