Kwekhono. Iindidi zemveliso iziphene. Iintlobo iziphene weld. Iintlobo iziphene kwiimveliso nezihlunu

Egqibeleleyo, kuba enesiphene lemveliso, mhlawumbi kuba phantse zonke iimveliso. Ukuthetha ngokufutshane, ukuba iimveliso, nto leyo akuvumelekanga ukuba umsebenzisi ngenxa nonokungangqinelani kunye neemfuno zabo. Umzekelo, non-etywiniweyo ukupakisha, amandla zaneleyo le weld , njalo-njalo. Makhe sithethe ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni na iziphene, kwakunye ingqalelo iintlobo yeziphene izinto ezahlukeneyo.

Overview

Nayiphi Imboni shiyana uvelisa iimveliso enesiphako, loo nto ayilunganga. Njengomgaqo, umtshato uzimisele emva kokuthumela saya kwindawo yokugcina impahla okanye umsebenzisi. Kulo mzekelo, ngumvelisi mhlawumbi ukurhoxisa iimveliso zabo bakushiye. Umzekelo, neepasile iziponji yasekhaya sifo ukuba zingathathwa ngokuba ezibalulekileyo, kodwa umtshato lo ujongene kwinkqubo elekhtrons yesithuthi kungakhokelela ekubeni ukufa yomqhubi. Ngoko ke, kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba Ukuphazamiseka ezahlukeneyo: ezinye esebenzayo, abanye - akukho. Sinokuthi nayiphi na imveliso eye ukutenxa ubuncinane omnye izithethe ezisekiweyo, loo nto ithathwa njengesonakeleyo, kwaye ezinye bobabo kudidi non-sinesiphene. Kwaye ke ayinamsebenzi ukuba uhlobo ishishini ngawo. Njengoko usazi, yonke imveliso uneempazamo yayo. Iintlobo yeziphene zahlulwe zibe correctable kunye uncorrectable. Products enxulumene iqela lokuqala, kunokuba non-siphene (ukuba kunokwenzeka ngokwezoqoqosho), okwesibini - akunakwenzeka.

Iintlobo iziphene zokwakha

Ngamanye amaxesha Ndiva ulwazi iindaba besihla benyuka apha endlwini kokuwa, wawa izitena, njl N. amaninzi, ngumtyholwa uba onesiphene ababengathanga echongiweyo ngexesha yokuqinisekisa. Umzekelo, kwishishini lokwakha, nayiphi na ukungangqinelani kwemiqathango reference (TOR), okanye imigaqo esekwe eyaziwa ziintsilelo zoyilo. Ukuba sithetha zokungathotyelwa namaxwebhu bobugcisa ukuze nokuveliswa kwemveliso, ibizwa ngokuba ezifuna lemveliso. Kodwa ke nangoku hayi kuluhlu lonke. Isibakala sokuba ukwakhiwa kukho ezinye iziphene. Iintlobo iziphene zihlelwe apha ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• siphene ezicacileyo ujongwa iimviwo zangaphandle, okt abangaboniyo;
• siphene ebhekiswe ayinikeli imigangatho yolawulo. Oku kudla kubonakele emva kokuthumela impahla kumniki-nkonzo.

Sinokuthi isiphako obonakalayo akanangozi odla, kuba lula ukubona nokususa. Noko ke, akusoloko iziphene ezicacileyo eceleni ngumvelisi. Ngokufuthi unako ukuthenga iimveliso ezingekho abangaboni zichanekile, umzekelo, ukuba engenelela kumphezulu wayo, layo lingatywinwanga ukubotshwa njalo njalo. N.

siphene Critical, ezibalulekileyo ingenamsebenzi

Zonke ezi ntlobo zomtshato ukuba ngokuqhelekileyo ibekwe kwiqela elinye, njengoko zihlobene. Isibakala sokuba loo ukungathobeli, ngendlela enye okanye omnye, kuchaphazela ukwanela kwemveliso, kodwa shiyana. Ngokomzekelo, umtshato obalulekileyo kubonisa ukuba ukusebenza kwezi mveliso, ngokuxhomekeka isicelo, uya kuba ngaphantsi kakhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo kulo mzekelo ukusetyenziswa imveliso ezinye iinjongo akukwazeki okanye ayivumelekanga. Ngokomzekelo, kwaphulwa ikhitshi imela isiguquli oluvuzayo lokubonelela ngomoya , njalo-njalo. N.

A siphene ibalulekileyo - lelo nto ebaluleke, kodwa kunefuthe elikhulu iyahlala nocikizeko ukusetyenziswa imveliso yisebenzisele injongo eyenzelwe yona. Ngokomzekelo, sibange impandla kuxwebhu metal uthathwa enesiphene ebalulekileyo. ingasetyenziswa Olu hlobo iimveliso enesiphako, kodwa hayi nje elide phantsi njengomthwalo onzima. siphene singabalulekanga - lowo alichaphazeli iyahlala nokusebenza kwemveliso. Umzekelo, ipeyinti eligugileyo phezu radiators nje siphene minor.

Types of iziphene weld

Kunzima ukuba phantsi ukubaluleka namalungu welding. Vuma, Iyigqiba umgangatho imveliso xa iyonke. Umzekelo, kakuhle kuphekwe oluqinileyo amafutha kwibhoyila istili abangcono kakhulu kunalowo apho yomonakalo ezichongiweyo. Iintlobo iziphene ukuwelda zahlulwe imitshato bangaphakathi kunye nabangaphandle. Imvelaphi uzimisele abangaboniyo, kwaye eyesibini kungabonwa kuphela ngexesha lokuhlolwa.

Ukongeza, kule meko singathetha ziziphene ezamkelekileyo nezingamkelekanga. iimveliso Group kunye umtshato esebenzayo zingasetyenziswa ngempumelelo ngaphantsi kwe-100%, iqela lesibini ukuya umsebenzisi ekungavumelekileyo. Noko ke, ngokwako enesiphene - iyinto engaqhelekanga, efuna ukususwa. Namhlanje, ukukhubazeka weld ukuba kuphele ngokusebenzisa ubugcisa iwelding mihla kwaye sivumela ukuba basebenze iingcibi abanezakhono kuphela. Ukongeza, yongeza ziphele ezizodwa welding, izixhobo welding ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nangaphezulu. Makhe sihlolisise iindidi ziintsilelo kwimveliso (welding) kunye nangendlela oku kunempembelelo ngayo ukwanela kwemveliso kunye nokhuseleko odla.

Umtshato ngaphandle

Nayiphi na impatho geometry engaphandle ngesakhiwo kuthiwa siphene. Ezi kufuneka iquke ukugaleleka, ukungabikho fusion, kungangabikho, kunye nabanye. Phantse wonke kuxhomekeke amehlo. Umzekelo, isizathu inkulu kukungabikho elalana encinane umthondo arc metal. Oku kungenxa yamandla eyoneleyo. Ilungisiwe le isiphako ilula kakhulu: zama ukwandisa izikhombisi nokunciphisa ubude arc. Ngaphandle, umtshato akuqhelekanga ngenxa uphumezo ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ngemisebenzi, ngoko ngamanye amaxesha iyavakala ukwenza weld elilinganisiweyo ngakumbi.

Enye siphene yoqobo kunye ixhaphakileyo - kungangabikho. Lo umtshato, nto leyo umsantsa (lokungahlangani) kwi-metal lomzali ngeenxa entlanganweni. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukusekwa ngenxa yesantya engafanelekanga lwangoku iintsimbi. Enyanisweni, okuninzi kuxhomekeke into zabantu.

Burn-nge nalo yinto exhaphakileyo. Le isiphako a nge-umngxuma weld. Umtshato kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba olucothayo kakhulu yaye welding current enkulu. Isiphumo ukuvuza weld pool.

Yokufika kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba isikali phezu xa ekhethiweyo kakuhle imo welding. ukuvuza Olo kumtshato additive kwi metal ngaphandle nokumanyana.

ukukhubazeka yangaphakathi

Olu hlobo lomtshato ibhaqe alufane, njengoko kubonakele ngeliso lenyama abakwazi wonke. Kungenxa yoko le nto kukho ukungasebenzi zokwakha nge welding, apho kunokuba yingozi kakhulu abantu. Enye iziphene eziqheleke kakhulu yingozi - sibange eshushu. Baya isenokuba longitudinal okanye enqamlezileyo. Vuka kwixesha yokunyibilikisa kunye Ukuqinisa eliphakathi, kwaye kananjalo ngenxa yemposiso xa bekhetha izinto additive nokubunjwa kwayo ngemichiza. Sinoxanduva siphene enjalo iwela ngqo emagxeni le kopi. Kukho kwakhona neentanda ezibandayo. Emva kokuba Ukuqinisa kunye Ukupholisa ngomoya weld kuvela. Ngesiqhelo ngenxa yokuba umthwalo ongaphezu kwemfuneko entlanganweni.

Pores - iziphene kwenzeka zonke iindidi iwelding. Kukhuselekile ukuthi iingxaki ezifana nayo kopi nganye. Ukuba zikho zonke iintlobo ezinkulu yeziphene kwamalungu nge welding, oku kuya kuba kwindawo yokuqala. Oku kuvela zaneleyo yokhuseleko bath segesi. Ngenxa yoko pores akhiwa, ezahluke ubukhulu kunye nokuhanjiswa ejikelezayo.

Ziziphene zeethishu

Ngexesha inkqubo yokuvelisa nayiphi na imveliso kukho umtshato. Ukwaluka kungekho ngaphandle. Kukho zonke iindidi ezahlukeneyo yeziphene zeethishu, leyo ngoku iza kuzama ingqalelo. Umtshato oqhelekileyo - vala. Wayethetha ngokungabikho imisonto omnye okanye ngaphezulu ubude ethile. Amaxesha amaninzi kule isiphene kubonakala ngenxa breakage intambo ngexesha umsebenzi. Oku kubangelwa kwisixhobo eziphosakeleyo lamellar okanye ngenxa yempazamo yomsebenzisi yayeka matshini kamva kunokuba kuyimfuneko. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba olu hlobo isiphako akuxhomekekanga kuthathelwa ingqalelo, ukuba oko phezu iindawo okuvala imveliso. Kulo mzekelo, ukuthengiswa kweemveliso kungavunyelwanga kubekho 10-20 cm kwi imisonto emibini.

Ingaqhelekanga kunye knotting. Le isiphako kukuphanza imisonto elinye okanye amabini uphawu kwelo laphu. Ngenxa imveliso kwindawo yeConvenco uba ezitenxileyo ezinokwenzeka. Loo isiphako nezingamkelekanga eziveliswa 1 kunye amabakala 2nd. A siphene ebizwa "vulu nepodrabotka" kuchaphazela umgangatho iimveliso kwakunye knotting. Ngaba isono lokuluka ngemisonto zimanyene kunye ngemisonto weft, nto leyo kumphezulu eli laphu, ayatshintsha yayo. Umtshato neyayanyaniswa ngokukodwa kunye ukungasebenzi le umatshini nokuluka, ebizwa Nedoseka. It iqulathe phambi Dada zisonjululwe bands.

Ezinye iziphene zeethishu

Kukwakho nezinye iintlobo iziphene impahla ezenziwe ngelaphu. Kodwa kuqala kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba isekela yeyobulali (local) kunye eqhelekileyo. Eyokuqala idla amancinci kwaye kuphela kwindawo ethile imveliso. ezo ziphene ekunokuthiwa Blizna, knotting. Kodwa iziphene zandise lonke ubude isiziba somchako, ebizwa eqhelekileyo. Ezi idla ezinxulumene Ukuxinana, nisishiye kunye nabanye. Enye ingongoma umdla kukuba zonke ezi zinto zingalunganga kungenzeka zikumanqanaba ahlukeneyo kwimveliso. Ngenxa yoko, onesiphene kungavela ngexesha ujikeleza ngenxa umgangatho zaneleyo le feedstock, okanye sele ngexesha nokuyifeza ngeninako. Konke oku kubonisa ukuba kufuna ulawulo Jongisisa zonke izigaba. Ukongeza, ezikumgangatho ophezulu izinto kuphela ukuba zithengwe. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo izixhobo ukwaluka yaye, enyanisweni, abasebenzi.

Umzekelo, ubukho ukungcola amabala ezinamafutha kuxhomekeke umatshini intaphane ukuthambisa ajikeleze. Kwaye njengoko nezixhobo mihla nisoloko ngokuzenzekelayo, okuthetha umqhubi tyala. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo nasemingxunyeni, embossments, kwakunye mingxuma kwi imveliso, ezibonakala ngenxa ukusebenza ezingachanekanga kumatshini. mpahla musa ukudlula ulawulo umgangatho kwaye kwangoko batshata. Iyafuna ukunikela ingqalelo yokuba ishishini ukwaluka kukho iziphene ezisisigxina. iziphene Local na kunobumba omncinane kwibakala, kodwa xa usika zomzimba ukuba bangangena ngokuthi babonelelwe iimveliso premium.

ziintsilelo intsimbi kunye metal iimveliso

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho iisampulu metal siphene-free. Oku kubonisa ukuba, ngamaqondo ahlukahlukeneyo, kukho umtshato. Kodwa ke into enika umdla kukuba ngenxa kukuvela iinkqubo ezithile kunye nokwenziwa kwemisebenzi mechanical, umgangatho wentsimbi unokulahla kakhulu, kangangokuba uya kuza nkalongoko epheleleyo imveliso ukusetyenziswa ngakumbi.

Le iziphene kakhulu rhoqo ezivela kwi deformation le metal sikarhulumente esiqinileyo. Le deformation ngaphantsi, kuya kuvela yomonakalo mbalwa. Ezinye yodidi babe okubuyela kwimo entle, ivumela ukuba deformation encinane emva kokuthabatha ifomu yakhe endala. Noko ke, ukuba gqolo ukuphucula umthwalo, kuya kufika zaguquka xa kuza kuba nzima ukufumana kwakhona metal. Xa kunjalo, kububulumko ukuba ukuthetha ngaloo nto apha, njengoko ukwaluka, iintlobo ezithile iziphene yesinyithi kuzovela xa bephosa, ngoxa abanye sele inkqubo yokugqibela imveliso.

Umzekelo, iziphene bephosa zixhaphakile kakhulu. Ishishini sobhedu rhoqo uzama ukulwa nabo ngokuphuhlisa iindlela ezintsha eyahlulayo. Ukungalingani of lungapholi kunye Ukuqinisa le etyhidiweyo kukhokelela ekubeni pores akhiwa kwaye ngokutshintsha oomaleko embilwini. Kwakhona, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iziphene macandelo bajamelene machining lesibini kunye nonyango nobushushu. Kukho kwakhona umtshato ukuba kwenzeka ngexesha yokuhamba okanye ukugcinwa iimveliso zesinyithi.

isiphelo

Njengoko ubona, kukho iindidi ngeendidi iziphene. Iintlobo iziphene intsimbi, amalungu welding, nezihlunu, siye sahlolisisa. Kodwa kufuneka siqonde ukuba umtshato wayekhona kushishino ukutya kunye kwemichiza le. Akukho abakwazi ukuthetha malunga nemeko yomntu, ekubeni umatshini kwakhona ngamanye amaxesha ukunika kokuwa, ekhokelela ofanayo. Noko ke, ezinye iindidi iziphene ethengiswayo ukuphelisa esizisebenzelayo buso okanye epheleleyo inkqubo ethe yaveliswa kungoku nje kunye.

Ke ukuba umthengi njengoko nomsebenzisi isiphelo, kufuneka ukuthenga iimveliso alusebenzi. Ngokufuthi, ke zifundiswa ngamaziko isaphulelo kunye nezinye linikeza enomtsalane. Oku kwenza ingqiqo kuphela xa injongo imveliso ayikho ezikumila uxanduva, kwezinye iimeko, naziphi na iziphene kunokukhokelela iziphumo ezingalindelekanga kwaye zibuhlungu. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba uthenge into, yenza yorhwebo, kwaye isebenza ngendlela efanelekileyo. Ngapha koko, nkqu impazamo encinane kwinkqubo yokuvelisa nga uphulukane impilo yaye ngokufuthi nobomi.