Kuphi ilizwekazi laseChina? Ilizwe elininzi elinabantu abaninzi lizwekazi elikhulu

Ibinzana elithi "eyenziwa eChina" kwiminyaka yamuva lifumene intsingiselo ehambelanayo. Imveliso yezandla ezisemgangathweni ezisandul 'umgangatho wezityalo zaseTshayina zatshintshwa zixhobo eziphezulu kunye nezixhobo zobuchwepheshe, kwaye iChina ngokwayo iphinda yazifumana kwiqela lamagunya amakhulu kwaye ifuna ukuba izimo zingabi kwindawo yalo, kodwa kwihlabathi lonke.

Eyokuqala kwihlabathi

Ukususela ngoko, njengoko kukho impucuko yabantu, igama leli lizwe liye lahlala libhekiselele kwimpumelelo yalo mhlaba. Ukuba kukho kwinqanaba lokuphuhliswa kwelo lwakhiwo, akukho mntu unokungaqinisekiyo: imithombo ephambili yokuveliswa kufuneka ifakwe eChina. Ngokweenkcukacha zembali, i-continent yaseMerika yayakhiwe ngabantu abavela kulo mmandla, oye waya enyakatho-ntshona kunye nokuba kuseqhweni, okanye uwele i-asethmus esuka e-Asia ukuya eMelika. Xa abantu baseYurophu bebumba iimephu zokuqala, abazange bazi nje ukuba yiliphi iqela laseChina liye, abazange balive amagama aloo lizwe.

Abalamli phakathi kwempucuko yempuma yasempuma kunye neYurophu ephumayo yiPersia. AmaPersi aphinde acetyise ukuba xa usuka ekuphumeni kwelanga, ungayifumana impendulo yombuzo, kwilizwekazi liyiChina.

I-Great Silk Road

Ukutshatyalaliswa kukaAlexandro Omkhulu kwandisa ulwazi lwabantu baseYurophu malunga nelo xesha. Bafunda ukuba iPersi akusiyo isiphelo sehlabathi, isilika sasePheresiya sichazwe kwiYurophu, kwaye umenzi welikalika - iChina - isempuma. Iinjongo zemikhankaso echukumisayo yeMacon - Indiya kunye neChina - ayizange iphunyezwe. Kodwa iziseko zeSilk Road (ezivela eMpuma ukuya kwiMeditera), ezazingekaMkhulu, kodwa zavela kuphela, zavela kwinkulungwane yesibini BC. "I-Golden Age" yale ndlela yendlela yokuthutha yengubo eyigugu yawela ixesha ukusuka kwisithandathu ukuya kweyesithoba kwi-AD, xa iimfazwe zazingabonakalisi iAsia. Kubonakala ngathi ngokusekwa koMbuso waseMongolia kwintsimi ye- Great Silk Road, imilinganiselo yezorhwebo kufuneka ikhule. Oku kwenzeka kwithuba elithile, kodwa ngokuwa kweMongeni yaseMongolia, ukubhekisela kule mgwaqo omkhulu kwanyamalala.

Ngaphambi nangemva kweGenghis Khan

Ubukhosi baseTshayina bwakhiwa, budibaniswa, kwakhona kwakhona, njengeentaka eziqhambileyo zasePhoenix, ezifunyenwe emlonyeni. Baye banqotshwa ngabahlaseli bangaphandle, baqhuma ngaphantsi kwefuthe lokungqinelana kwangaphakathi, kodwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo babonisa ukuba bafanelekile. Umnqobi omkhulu uGenghis Khan wayeqonda ukuba, kungakhathaliseki ukuba imimandla ayinayo, ingaba yiChina, eyahlula ngelo xesha kwiindawo ezimbini. Wawunqoba la mazwe emva komnye waza wadlulisela la mazwe kwiindlalifa ezifanelekileyo. Ngaphandle kwenkxaso yeengcali zeli lizwe elinomgangatho ophakamileyo ophuhliso, owenziwe ngobunjineli bobunjineli, iimkhankaso ezinobungqingili zamaMongolia zazingenakwenzeka. Kodwa ubukumkani obunqobileyo buqhekeke, kwaye iChina, abalawuli bayo bafana nabantu bendawo, baphinde baqala ukulawula kwimimandla yabo.

Kakade emva kwephulo lokunqoba kweGenghis Khan abantu baseYurophu abazange baqonde nje ukuba i-China iseAsia, kodwa nayo yanquma ukufumana indlela eya kweli lizwe. UMarco Polo wavakashela indawo yokuhlala yasehlobo yaseMongol waza wahlala kweli lizwe iminyaka engaphezu kwemithathu. Kodwa, ngaphezu kokuzithemba kwiliphikazikazi laseChina kunye namagama amatsha (umzekelo, i-tangerines) engena kwisigama seYurophu, olu luhambo lomthengisi waseVenice ngokuphuhliswa kobudlelwane phakathi kweMpuma ne-West aluzange lunikeze nantoni na.

Ukutshintsha kwegama alitshintshi isitshixo

Emva kokuwa kolawulo lwama-Chingizids, kwada kwada kwekhulu lemashumi mabini, iChina yahlala ingukumkani. Okokuqala, phantsi kobukhulu bobukumkani baseMing, kwaye emva kokugqithiswa kwaMongol - abahlaseli baseManchu - eyona nto yayiyinkokheli yaseKing. Emva kohambo lokuqala lwehlabathi, amaYurophu ekugqibeleni afunda kwilizwekazi laseChina. Ukususela kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithandathu, ulwandle lwamaYurophu lwaqala empuma, kuba ekuhlanganisweni kweYurophu kunye ne-Asiya kubonakala ubukumkani base-Ottoman, obunqanda ukudibanisa nabantu abanokubakho ngeendlela zomhlaba. Iziqendu zaseChina zanqotshwa yiPutukezi, yaseBrithani, ilizwe lonke liphantsi komsebenzi waseJapan. Ukususela ngo-1912, ilizwe lolawulo liye laba liRiphablikhi, kwaye ukususela ngowe-1949-republic republic. Ngaphantsi kobunkokeli be- helmman Mao kwilizwe elinemigangatho yokuzinikela kwisimo sombuso, ubukhomanisi bazama. Ngethuba lethu, igama likarhulumente alitshintshi - iRiphablikhi yabantu baseChina. Kodwa ngaphantsi kweli gama lifihliwe yonke into "yoBukumkani baseKhaya".

Iiphotography

Ukuba ukhangele imephu yehlabathi eyaziwayo kuthi, uyayithobela into yokuba iYurophu kunye neYurophu inxalenye yaseRussia iya kuba phakathi kwemephu. Amanye amazwe asemacaleni, ngokungathi ayabalulekanga. Iimephu ezenziwe eMelika, i-axis ephakathi, ngokwemvelo ukhethe iMelika. Kule meko, i-Eurasia phantsi kweso siqhelo sisoloko siphule sibe ngamacandelo amabini. Kodwa imephu yehlabathi, eyapapashwa kwinqanaba elikhulu le-Asia, aliyi kudala ukungathandabuzeki kwilizwekazi laseChina elisezantsi - e-Eurasia. Kwaye, nangona intsimi yelizwe ingaphantsi kobukhulu kwiRashiya YaseRussia, iimephu ezikhutshwe kwiBukumkani Bomphakathi zisusa konke ukungathandabuzeki ngelizwe eliphambili kweli hlabathi.

Consonance eMoscow

Akufanelekile ukukhangela kumbuzo othi "kuphi isixeko saseChina?" Iinkcazo kwimpucuko yeMpuma yasendulo. Nangona imvelaphi yegama lo mmandla waseMoscow ingazange isungulwe, kuyaziwa ukuba akukho nto enokuyenza nelizwe lasempuma, amaShayina awazange aphile ngexesha lokubonakala kwesi sithili eMoscow.