ÍOpus - igama somculo. Yintoni injongo umculo ingqiqo?

Ntoni igama elithi "íOpus" ngokunxulumene kwinkcubeko zomculo? Imbali ukwenzeka ilizwi, isiseko theoretical component njenge gama umculo, ixabiso yangoku - konke oku kamva kweli nqaku.

Kwinkcubeko yethu, ulwimi elithi "íOpus" wanamathela becala iintsingiselo ezimbini lwesemantiki:

• definition yokuhlekisa kwaye ethoba isidima abanye imisebenzi zoncwadi ayikho encomekayo.
• "ÍOpus" - igama somculo.

Njengoko lwalo yonke into yokuqala icacile, azama yesibini ukuqonda.

Ukuvela kwegama elithi 'íOpus "

Xa intliziyo elithi "umculo" umba "umculo", kodwa owesibini ayikho twatse kweyokuqala, kwaye imida zembali.

Kukho umculo, njengoko imveliso, yaye oku kubangelwe nesithethe ebhaliweyo; kwaye kukho umculo, njengoko imisebenzi enxulumene lokudlala isampula improvisational.

Lo mahluko yabhalwa yokuqala wakhe othi N.Listeniusa «Umculo» ngo-1537. Kungenxa lo mbhalo kuqala waxelelwa ukuba íOpus - i "kwimo ebhaliweyo, ngokupheleleyo imveliso ogqityiweyo." Ngoko ke, ingcamango omtsha "íOpus" yabhalwa kuqala.

Xa nenkulungwane yokuqala ubuKristu alawula yeviwayo lomculo ukuze ayisekho nokuba igama elithi "improvisation", ngenxa yokuba kwakungekho enye. Uphuhliso iinguqulelo ezimbini uyilo umculo kuphela iinkulungwane 9-10, xa iikopi yokuqala abhalwe ephepheni.

Ngeli xesha of the Ages Aphakathi "opusnaya" umculo kunye "practice" isekhona ngaxeshanye, zonke iziganeko zobomi babantu bephelekwa ziimvumi ukudlala umzobi rhoqo mzuzu ezaqanjwa wakhe kunye nabanye abantu ngaphandle uziva umgca elibukhali phakathi kwala magama.

Kwakubalulekile ukudibanisa izakhono sele bulawula ifomula, iintshukumisa efanayo abasuka ngokukhululekileyo emsebenzini omnye komnye, kwaye kungafanelekile ingqalelo yabanye. Talent lubonakaliswa indlela yonyango lo mbandela.

Ezibhaliweyo inkcubeko zomculo - ezintsha European

Ngokuthe ngcembe baba izinto ngakumbi nakakhulu ungafani kwi imisebenzi, kukudala entsha, kungekhona ngaphambili ezazikho zeengoma, yaziwa ngokuba "ngokubhala". Ngale ndlela, imbali lokusekwa ubuchule yaseYurophu zomculo zobungcali akukho kwahluka kwiinkqubo eziqhubeka kwamanye amazwekazi.

Umahluko Inqununu ilele kuphela isibakala ukuba eYurophu asuka ngokubhala ubuchule, apha wazalwa inkcubeko zomculo kuphela ebhalwe ehlabathini. Kwaye oko kwatshintsha yonke into: ingqiqo entsha yobugcisa zomculo, indlela ubuhle etshintshe kwingcingane wokuyila, iindlela zokufundisa izicwangciso ekuva zasekwa umculo ngobungcali.

Kunye ngezithako unikalizatsiey zomculo, ingcamango "umqambi" - umdali imveliso entsha. Inyathelo elilandelayo yemvelo ukwenza stand-alone umculo ukuba akukho kuphinda ezinxulumene nazo naziphi na iimfuno zekhaya, kwaye nexabiso ngokwayo.

Esi sisizathu lengcinga 'íOpus "

sobulumko German kunye enye ingcali yale umculo zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini Carl Dahlhaus ichonge ezi mpawu zilandelayo ezichaza ingcamango "íOpus":

• ukuphelela compositional;
• abhalwe ngokupheleleyo kwisicatshulwa esibhaliweyo uhlobo;
• ukuzimela, ukungabi nomphetho isicelo umculo;
• "Ngento zobuhle ezifana iyankwantyiswa" kwexabiso "umculo ngokupheleleyo" ngaphandle okubhaliweyo kunye neenkqubo.

Enye umculo Njengomhlaziyi German Hans Eggebreht wanikela inkcazelo ngqo ngakumbi "umsebenzi" ingcamango, ngokubhala ukuba "íOpus" - is:

• theoreticity (ngaphantsi kwemithetho ye-theory);
• ubukho nokuqhama zeentanda-bulumko isiqulatho;
• zafiksirovanny kumanqaku;
• polyphony;
• fanele ukuba umbhali;
• imilo kuphelele;
• yokuvelela.

Ntoni igama elithi "íOpus 'namhlanje?

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le íOpus - akukho akusekho isincoko nje, amanqaku abhalwe ephepheni. Igama elithi "íOpus" uthetha ukuba umsebenzi iye yapapashwa iimpapasho ndanikwa inani elithile. Kuxhomekeka kwixesha xa yapapashwa umculo, íOpus unokuba ibinzana enkulu okanye encinane lwamanani.

Ukuba ngexesha ubomi umqambi abanye imisebenzi yakhe okanye asiprintwa kwaba kanye, ngoko, akanayo íOpus wakhe, oko unikwe igama "íOpus Kubala", oko kukuthi, leyo iye yapapashwa emva kokufa yombhali.

inombolo íOpus ayisoloko ibonisa ixesha imisebenzi yokubhala. Ukuba ke kwangelo thuba kwabhalwa phantsi yokuqala umsebenzi wakhe, yaza yapapashwa okokuqala emva kweminyaka emininzi, kwaye inani íOpus ziya kwabelwa kamva. Ngokomzekelo, wabhalwa kwasebutsheni bakhe Rondo "Rage phezu ngedenariyo yini na elahlekileyo" linani íOpus emva kwexesha 129.

Ngamanye amaxesha umqambi ipapashe imisebenzi emininzi. Bonke bephela unikwe inombolo íOpus kodwa amanani ezahlukeneyo serial. Hi xikombiso, le Preludes 24 Chopin epapashwe íOpus 28, kodwa kufuneka amanani ezahlukeneyo serial ukusuka ku-1 ukuya kuma-24 Ngenxa yoko, ibinzana elithi "Chopin - isandulela sesihlanu" yaye "Chopin - íOpus 28 №5" athetha into enye.