Kukora yoguquko: iimpawu, imiqondiso, izizathu eziphambili kunye neziphakamiso

Iinkqubo zokuphosa asetyenziswa zokucutha isixa ezingcolisayo ekukhutshelwe emoyeni ukusuka kumbhobho zeemoto i emotweni. Noko ke, converters zisebenza logama nje isiqalelo zokuphosa zikwimeko elungileyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukuba uyayeka ukusebenza ngendlela eyiyo. Makhe sihlolisise, oko kuvala ukungasebenzi, iindlela zokusombulula. Kwakhona ngenxa uxilongo kubalulekile ukwazi iimpawu xa wapakisha ngumnxibelelanisi, iimpawu le ngxaki.

Zokuphosa lokuguqulela - yintoni na yaye ngoba?

On iimoto mihla, yenye yeendima ezibalulekileyo kwinkqubo zeemoto. Izixhobo hlamba iigesi zeemoto kwezinto eziyingozi. Le nitrogen oxide, ikharbon, iqela hydrocarbon ezahlukeneyo. Ngaphakathi yoguquko amacebo ekhethekileyo ngendlela yobusi. Yakhiwa amatye anqabileyo. Oku kunokuba iridium okanye platinum. Ngawo la metal lobusi yokungenelela izinto eziyingozi. Ukwakhiwa izinto isixhobo ezintathu eziphambili - a istili otyhidiweyo, iyunithi othwala kunye iiseli kunye umaleko usambathisa. The main element - block yenethiwekhi. ukwakhiwa yaso isiseko material eliyinjubaqa yodongwe. Siqulathe inani elikhulu leeseli, efana yobusi. Ezi nkundla ke zenzelwe ukuba ukwandisa indawo adibane yeegesi. Xa zifakwe kwi lobusi ingxubevange ye platinum kunye iridium. Abasabela ngayo imichiza ezithi zenzeke ngexesha indlela iigesi inkunkuma platinum-iridium ingxubevange layer kukhokelela kwamazinga eyomeleleyo kuvala. Ngenxa yoko, yonke into eziyingozi isigodo kwi kumphezulu zoqhagamshelwano yobusi yesinyithi nangoko itshiswe. Kwinkqubo yokutsha usebenzisa oksijini eye wahlala irhasi zeemoto emva kokushiya egumbini yokutsha. Ngaphezu koko, inkqubo zeemoto ukusuka uphumo kuvala i ngokupheleleyo izinto engeyongozi - N ₂ CO _2.

Izinto ezisetyenziswa kwi kuvala, kunye nemisebenzi yabo

Xa converters zokuphosa izinto ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo. Le rhodium, platinum, mbala, iridium. Into yokuqala kuvala ukunciphisa. umsebenzi wakhe - ukubuyisela HAYI kwaye ukuyijika ibe le nitrogen kakhulu zesiqhelo. Platinum kunye palladium zizinto iioksidenti. Kufuneka sikhuthaze kukukhawuleziswa kweenkqubo igcwala ezizizembiwa isigodo, uze eyiguqula ibe ngababini. CO is kuguquka carbon dioxide.

Lweempawu nemiqondiso i element ugcwale

Ukuba amanqaku ngumnxibelelanisi, iimpawu kuya kunceda ukuqinisekisa oku. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimpawu ezinjalo ukuthetha ezinye iimpazamo. Kodwa isifo ngaphezulu konke uthe kuvala. Ukuba element ivalekile ngokupheleleyo, i-injini uya wavuka, kodwa ngoko nangoko emva koku esibayeni. Imoto ibalekisa kubi. Xa umqhubi ayicinezele le enyovwayo namafutha banokuziva ukuba imoto ebambe into ngasemva ngesivuno emva kanye. Oku kubonisa ubukho kwimiqobo ngaphakathi lokuguqulela. Njani wena uyazi ukuba yintoni na kuvala ivalekile? Iimpawu zihlanganisa amafutha linyukile. Kodwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo kuphela xa imoto baphelelwe ngamandla kunye ukuphendula le emoto namafutha. Oko kukuthi, ukuba imoto wayeka ukuya, kwaye isantya sokuqukuqela uphakame kakhulu. Kwakhona, ebudeni lokulayita Inokwenzeka ivumba elitsarhayo kunye ezingemnandi.

"Khangela Engin"

Kuyinto uphawu jikelele, ngoko ke kufuneka ukwazi ikhowudi, elikhutshwa kwinkqubo kuqala. Ziqonde ezi khowudi na imiyalelo kwisithuthi. Kodwa khumbula ukuba lo isibane izibane kuphela xa inkqubo zeemoto isithuthi kaThixo, Lambda ezimbini probe efakiweyo. Okokuqala idla phezulu lokuguqulela. Kujongwe ukuba ulungise inani amafutha ebebunikwe loo injini. Le woluvo yesibini kufuneka ukulawula ukusebenza neutralizer. Yiyo le woluvo ioksijini uza kuvelisa impazamo. Umzekelo, ukuba ngaba unazo zonke ezi mpawu zingasentla kuxhelwa kuvala "Ford Focus 2", yaye ikhompyutha kudala P0420 imposiso, uthetha malunga iingxaki lokuguqulela. Imposiso kuthetha ukusebenza phantsi iigesi kwimveliso.

Iimpawu Bayikhanda izakhi cars ezahlukeneyo

Khawucinge cars eyahlukeneyo afakelwe converters zokuphosa, ukwenzela ukufumanisa umonakalo ngokuchane ngakumbi. Kufuneka uqale ngemizekelo zasekhaya "AvtoVAZ". It Vaz-2110, -2114, "Kalina". Ukongeza imoto uya ngokucotha kukhawuleziswe, kukho ezinye iimpawu ukungaphumeleli kunye kuvala ugcwale. Ngoko ke, kukho isandi iphuma matshini. Kukho ucinge ukuba Converter izindlu ndihlanjwe ingqushu. Le isandi i-alam xa ukusilela ngomatshini le zeendawana ceramic. Ukuba sithetha iimoto elizweni, emva koko "Ford Focus" waphawula iimpawu ezifanayo kuxhelwa kuvala. Vaz-21124 nako zixhotyiswe nge onjalo element ngokuhlanjululwa. Ukuba sithethe ngayo basekhaya "dvenashke", nantsi ke kanye nokunciphisa ngamandla enye ingxolo ngaphakathi kwiseli. Lilonke ukuchonga odla okanye yokunyibilika ehlanganisa kunokuba nzima kakhulu. Zonke ezi mpawu ukuthetha malunga neengxaki kunye nabenzi boluvo, ukusilela ngamandla kule nkqubo, sentsilelo ucinezelo. Qaphela ukuba isiphene kwiinkqubo ezimbini zokugqibela kwaye isizathu sokuba kuvala igcwele. Iimpawu ukuqinisekisa oku. Ukuba imoto agcwalisiwe amafutha mgangathweni, umxube yamafutha ilungiselelwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba kukho misfiring, umxube utshiswe emagumbini yokutsha izele. Ngenxa yale nto ke, irhasi zeemoto iqulethe isixa esikhulu uthuthu lweziko. Kuyinto isizathu sokuba etshintsha rhoqo kwezi ndawo. Iiseli kwi kuvala kokuvalelwa ngokukhawuleza linyibilike.

ingxaki Cause

Node 200 ukhonza eliwaka. Km. Kodwa kwimeko Russian, eli xesha lifinyele. Zokuthundeza kungaphumeleli ngenxa amafutha libya, a flow ioli enkulu phosakeleyo okuso inkqubo ucinezelo, umonakalo.

Indlela ukuxilonga?

Makhe sibone ukuba ingaba ngumnxibelelanisi ivalekile ngayo. Iindlela ziyafumaneka kumntu wonke yaye ayifuni izakhono ezizodwa kunye nolwazi. Kufuneka uqale imoto aqokelele isantya injini iphezulu. Kwakhona bagqwethe injini kwi ezitsho phantsi, phakathi kunye phezulu. Kwimo nganye, kabukhali ababecinezela ezinyovwayo phantsi. Le motor kufuneka awe, kodwa sicaphuka kabukhali. Ukuba kukho impendulo olihlwempu okanye akafuni spin injini phezu 5000 rpm, kufuneka ucinge indawo lokuguqulela. Nantsi enye indlela, ukuba batshekishe indlela kuvala.

Lweempawu kwaba yinyaniso, kwaye nexesha awayeliqinisekise ngokuchanileyo umonakalo element. Ukuxilonga isandla isicelo kumbhobho zeemoto. igesi exhaust ukuhambisa pulses. Unga va ngesandla kanye njengoko bayacalulwa nganye nganye ukusuka cylinder ngalinye. Ukuba iduma uthotho kunye ngokuqhubekayo, uzithetha ngqo of converter ugcwale. Ukuba ucinezela 'umnyele, uze singaliva injini, ngoko baya kuhamba kancinci. Ezi gesi ezo accumulated ngenxa kuvala ugcwale.

isiphelo

Ngoko sizicingele ngaphandle koko iimpawu ukumisela ityala. Ukuba yoguquko wasebenza emihle, iingcali Siyaleza ukuvala kwemoto amafutha kuphela ophezulu ezikumgangatho ngendlela ngexesha ukwenza uxilongo kuzo zonke iinkqubo kwisithuthi.