Japanese Army: abalinganiswa kunye nenkcazelo kwezixhobo. Japan Self-yoKhuselo Forces

Ubuchule ukulwa urhulumente izaliswe nezithethe ezithile eziye kwasekwa phezu kangangeenkulungwane. Ukukwazi ukuba alwe imfazwe intle odumileyo kumazwe amaninzi kwimbali yehlabathi, kodwa kuphela abanye babo baye ezigcinwe izithethe yamandulo mihla. Practice ibonisa ukuba States ezinjalo kulwa-olulungilyo kakhulu, ngokuba imfazwe kuba amajoni zabo lokuyeka ngokwemvelo. Ezinye kula mazwe ziquka eSwitzerland, edume mercenaries zayo, eJamani, nto leyo eye kulwa imfazwe kabini nxamnye ihlabathi liphela, i-United Kingdom, kunye oomatiloshe okusemandleni, kwakunye eSpeyin, ogama nomkhosi yaziwe ehlabathini lonke. Kodwa kwimbali yehlabathi kukho kwelinye ilizwe, ogama umkhosi mbi akukho ngaphezu ngasentla. Le meko iye ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwakhokelela imfazwe kunye neTshayina, iRashiya, kwaye wadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Ngoko ke, eli nqaku liza kuxoxwa kwi isakhiwo, ubungakanani, imbali kunye nezinye iimpawu Japan umkhosi karhulumente.

Imperial Army - umthombo-moya namhlanje Japan

umkhosi Japanese Modern - kukho intlokoma ngembali mkhosi kanye okhoyo, lowo ubesazeka ehlabathini lonke ukhohlakale yayo, amandla kunye namandla. Noko ke, ukudalwa umkhosi waseJapan kwakhokelwa luthotho iinguqulelo. Ekuqaleni, ukuma omnye yasemkhosini eJapan. Isiseko yokhuselo belizwe baba elithile athathwe samurai, apho phantse azange aphendule ukulawula. Kodwa ngo-1871, eli lizwe ubonakala Imperial Japanese Army. Isiseko ukuyilwa umkhosi bakhonza amajoni ngamnye izilawuli eziliqela (Choshu, Tosa, Satsuma). Izidumbu eziphambili zemimiselo kwakukho Ministry of the Army kunye Navy. Phakathi kwiminyaka embalwa umkhosi komlawuli yaba amandla loyikekayo, leyo uye wabonisa amandla yayo iimfazwe kunye Russian uBukhosi, China kunye nakwiindawo eziphakathi ezingamathanga British. Kodwa ke imbali Japanese Imperial Army kokuvalelwa xa ilizwe akungena umfelandawonye lwamaNazi Germany kunye lobuFasi Italy.

Ukudala self-yokuzikhusela

Ngowe-1945, Japan woyiswa kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Imikhosi uhlala waseUnited States dismantle umkhosi komlawuli, yaye phakathi-1947, ziye zavalwa ngokupheleleyo zonke izikolo zomkhosi, lakuphelisa iiklasi karate zemveli. Ukususela ngalo mzuzu urhulumente Japan iphantsi kolawulo ngokupheleleyo USA. Sele ngowe-1951, abasemagunyeni US ziyavunyelwa ukubeka zayo iziseko zomkhosi eJapan. Emva koko, urhulumente ngcembe uqala ukuphuhlisa imikhosi yayo exhobileyo, owenza kuphela ngokususela umgaqo yokhuselo lwesizwe. Ngenxa yoko, eJapan, kukho imikhosi self-yokuzikhusela. Ngu ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane xxi, la mabutho baye umkhosi oqeqeshiweyo wamajoni kokuzifaneleyo iindaba ubume imikhosi exhobileyo. Ngelo xesha isuswe umlomo nokusetyenziswa imikhosi Japanese exhobileyo ngaphandle ummandla karhulumente. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, Japan i-Self-Ukuzikhusela - umkhosi umsebenzi, nto leyo eye isakhiwo sayo kunye uluhlu ecacileyo yemisebenzi. Ubungakanani yomkhosi yi 247 amawaka abantu.

imigaqo umsebenzi

imikhosi Japanese exhobileyo senza ngokusekelwe imigaqo wendele eninzi nemigangatho yokuziphatha kunye neemfundiso ezopolitiko. Kukho ezintlanu kuphela imigaqo esisiseko:

1. engafunwa ngayo uhlaselo. Oku kuthetha ukuba urhulumente ukusebenzisa imikhosi yayo ngenxa usihlasela, waphula isithunzi sendawo kwamanye amazwe.

2. Ukungaphumeleli ukusebenzisa izixhobo zenyukliya.

3. ikuyo ukulawula rhoqo lwemisebenzi yokuzikhusela yaseJapan.

4. Intsebenziswano Military kunye eUnited States. Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, Japan i US ally inkulu emkhosini ngaphandle NATO.

Olu luhlu lulandelayo imigaqo aliphelelanga, njengoko Japan lifuna ukuqinisekisa elubala ngokupheleleyo kwimisebenzi emkhosini.

Le ubumbaxa ye imo yezomthetho

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umkhosi waseJapan une ubume somthetho antsonkothileyo. siseko yaseJapan uyakwalela ekudaleni zolwakhiwo emkhosini kummandla karhulumente, nto leyo kuMgaqo we-9 lomThetho esiSiseko. Kwelinye icala, yokuzikhusela - ukuma yoluntu, ngamanye amazwi, akukho namnye yasemkhosini. Noko ke, akukho namnye amazwe ezikhoyo ihlabathi akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle umkhosi eyomeleleyo, zobungcali. Japan kule ndlela akukho ngaphandle. Kodwa ke ukungabikho isizathu esisemthethweni ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe lokuthintela kakhulu ububanzi zemisebenzi apho ungasebenzisa semkhosini Japan okanye Self-yoKhuselo Forces.

Ubume bale Self-yoKhuselo Forces

On belingana imikhosi kwamanye amazwe, umkhosi yaseJapan ngoku isakhiwo eqhelekileyo izakhi ezine ezisisiseko. UkuCima zokwakha imikhosi ezifanayo exhobileyo ngenxa intsebenziswano zokusebenza phakathi kwezakhi ngamnye. Ezi nkalo zilandelayo beemeko ezibumba umkhosi waseJapan, ezizezi:

- imikhosi Ground yokuzikhusela.

- imikhosi Naval yokuzikhusela.

- Air Self-Defence Force.

Into yesine olusisiseko imikhosi armed inkonzo ekhethekileyo. Zidla ahluka njengeyunithi elahlukileyo le nkqubo, ekubeni nezikhundla zabo kunye nesakhiwo lwangaphakathi ezintsonkothileyo.

imikhosi yokuzikhusela Land nomoya

Umkhosi komlawuli wayedume imikhosi yayo wamajoni-moya, ezibe yimpumelelo kakhulu ngexesha Second World War. Namhlanje i-Air Self-wezoKhuselo of Japan wathabatha phezu isithethe umkhosi komlawuli, kodwa kufuneka iinjongo ezahlukeneyo kakhulu. Aviation yenzelwe ukukhusela elibala likaRhulumente, ngokunjalo nokutshatyalaliswa imikhosi air notshaba kwimeko ehlasela eJapan. Ilizwe anazo air ubuchule enamandla kunye neeyunithi eziliqela noshowo ngaphakathi umkhosi umoya wamajoni. Ground Self-wezoKhuselo of Japan kakhulu "kunqunyulwa" ngenxa yokuba urhulumente Akuvunyelwe ukudala uqhekeko emoyeni zithuthi kubume emkhosini. Nangona kunjalo, ezi umkhosi aye zokudubula, elihamba, itanki kunye ntaka zigaba ngokupheleleyo zinika sisigcina-Japan. Sebenzisa imikhosi Japanese ilizwe inani elikhulu lamatanki enzima kwaye ukukhanya, izithuthi transport (IFV), izithuthi vehicles, amaqhosha zokudubula, mortars imveliso kumazwe awahlukeneyo.

Japan Maritime Self-Defence Force

imikhosi Naval zezona ndlela iphambili ukukhusela ummandla Japan, ngenxa yokuba urhulumente kubekwe phezu iziqithi ezininzi. Le ndawo isebenzayo ye nemikhosi exhobileyo. izazinzulu ezininzi wathelekisa elwandle Japan Self-yoKhuselo Forces kunye United States Navy elingana phantsi imfazwe kolwandle. Japanese lwaphela ibandakanya butho ezine eziphambili, ngubani zisekelwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo Japan: zokuqala Yokosuka, Sasebo kwindawo yesibini, yesithathu Maizuru, yesine Chur. Kodwa ke kukho enye ethile Navy - Marine lweSizwe angekhoyo. Le nyaniso kungenxa kumgaqo non-ndlongo, nto leyo ubuvuvu umkhosi waseJapan. I-Marine Corps ayikho, ngokuba umbuso nje akuvumelekanga ukuba kuyo. Njengenxalenye yale imikhosi aselwandle iqela elikhulu abonakalisi, abonakalisi, abathwali moya ngwenya kweeklasi ezahlukeneyo kunye namanqanaba. Kwakhona, imikhumbi iye iinqanawa zenkxaso eziliqela kunye neziseko ezidadayo.

neenkonzo ezizodwa

Iinkonzo ezizodwa ezabelwe amasebe iqela eyahlukileyo zenza into enye Japan Sun isakhiwo. Bonke babe yabo sikhokelo zolawulo, ngokunjalo inani lemisebenzi ethile esebenza. Ezinye zezi nkonzo ziquka:

- Ulwazi kunye noPhando Bureau (umsebenzi nkonzo akucacanga ngenxa yokuba inani elincinane labasebenzi kunye iqondo elikhulu sokuFihla).

- inkonzo yezobuntlola Military (osekelwe phezu eziyimpumelelo Imperial Army yezobuNtlola, kwaye ubukhulu becala bamkela amava United States Intelligence).

- ulawulo Ulwazi kunye nophando.

- Ikomkhulu Police (umzimba omkhulu kokhuseleko loluntu).

- Uphando.

- Counterintelligence Military (counterintelligence engundoqo arhente of Japan).

Ukongeza, Japan uhlala kudalwa iinkonzo ezintsha, kunye nophuhliso nobudlelwane kwezentlalo kunye ngamazwe.

isiphelo

Ukongeza kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ubungakanani umkhosi yaseJapan luyanda minyaka yonke. Ukongeza, ukwanda kunye isixa-mali ukuba urhulumente okuchitha emkhosini. Ngoko ke, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, Japan i-Self-loKhuselo - le yenye amaqela axhobileyo kakhulu eyiyo eyingozi ehlabathini, nkqu kunye nobume cala.