"Jacques-ngumtya" alizange ezilula okanye Yintoni Jacquerie

Yintoni Jacquerie? Le yenye emiboniso uthandwayo abalimi liphela ezimbalini zehlabathi. Ngexesha elifutshane kwimvukelo phantsi amalaphu anomyalezo zayo abantu abamalunga ne-100 lamawaka. Ukongezelela kuquka abalimi, amahlwempu ezidolophini kunye namagcisa banyamekela elizayo nekamva le lokhokho.

Background. IMVELAPHI Soweto

Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, yintoni na Jacquerie, kufuneka uye emva kwiminyaka 700 eyadlulayo yaye baqonde ukuba yintoni imeko namandla ehlabathini. Xa Ekuveleni XIII-XIV kwiinkulungwane e eYurophu nokungakhuseleki kakhulu. Kwakukho iimfazwe, lakwaZulu, isibetho kwandile. amandla Royal wayengekabi buthathaka kakhulu ukumelana neenkosi ezinkulu wobukhosi. Ngoko ke isithsaba kwakuxhomekeke isimo bamazwe.

Ngowe-1348, iliza olutsha isibetho eyabulala Ngokutsho koqikelelo ezahlukeneyo ukususela 1/3 ukuya ½ ubungakanani sabantu French. Abasebenzi yaba ngaphantsi, ngoko ke ixabiso yomsebenzi liye landa, kodwa kuye kwagqitywa ekubeni ukuvala yokukhuliswa umvuzo, nayo leyo ushiye uphawu yayo kwi imeko yasekhaya. Kungenxa yoko le nto ihlabathi afunde oko Jacquerie.

Ukongezelela, kwabakho imfazwe wamagazi kunye eNgilani, yaye phakathi kwenkulungwane XIV France bahlulwa. Idabi Poitiers, ebanjwe 1356, kuye kwaba yimfuneko ngenxa yesaqunge ngokukhawuleza. The French bagxothiwe, yaye ukumkani wabo yathinjwa kwaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba asayine uxolo disadvantageous, xa phantse isiqingatha yommandla inkunkuma French ekusetyenzisweni IsiNgesi. Kungenxa yoko le nto ihlabathi afunde oko Jacquerie.

Izinto ezibangela le mvukelo Jacquerie

Kokoyiswa Poitiers kunye neziganeko ezalandelayo kuyo, imeko abantu abaqhelekileyo, umzabalazo etroneni France ... Lo izizathu eziphambili ezibangela kwimvukelo Jacquerie.

Emva kokuba bahlulwa Poitiers zaye ibizwe States ukuze bacombulule iingxaki zangaphakathi kunye nezoyikiso zangaphandle. Umzimba ummeli lifikelele esigqibeni sokuba liqalise irhafu ezintsha, lozhivshiesya umthwalo onzima phezu emagxeni abalimi kunye baloo dolophu. Kuye elikhokelwa Eten Marsel. Ukongeza, i "umgca bent" Dauphin - yindlalifa Charles. Wonke umntu efuna ukufumana amandla ezandleni zabo. States Jikelele wayefuna ukuba balahle ukumkani, i Dauphin, ngokuchasene noko, njengokuba indlalifa ngqo, wayefuna ukuba awugcine. Yaqala feuding.

Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na Jacquerie, ukucacisa indawo ye abalimi ebomini karhulumente. Into akhankanywe apha ngasentla depopulation ngenxa kuxabela nasekukhuliseni ixabiso komsebenzi ngenxa ekunciphiseni yabasebenzi. Ukususela ngoko nabalimi libe nolwazi ngokubaluleka kwayo kwinkqubo karhulumente kwaye alubonise ekuhleni. Ke phakathi kwabo abo ngamandla labemi kunye iyaxela esisityebi yabalimi belizwe eli ngokuthi "Jacques-ngumtya." Ukuba abalimi ziphathwa nesigculelo, kwaye ngandlela kunathi. Phela, oko isiqhulo behlazekile kunye negama elinikiweyo - kwimvukelo Jacquerie.

Ikhondo le mvukelo

Le mvukelo yaqala nesibakala Abalimi beauvezer kwelinye iimfazwe kunye nabaphumi-Dauphin wabulala kartel eziliqela, ekhawulelana nangokunyanzelwa ukusebenza ukomeleza iindlela kuwo umzi. Isiphumo soku indlalifa ngokomsindo kwetrone, kwakhululwa zonke zaba balimi. Territory ehlanganiswa kwimvukelo, yaba yonke emantla eFransi. nomququzeleli obalaseleyo kakhulu ekuxhaseni inyambalala waba Gilom Kal, owaba uqeqesho emkhosini, kodwa yena ngokwakhe ngumlimi. Phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe, loo mvukelo Jacquerie ngo 1358. Ngexesha elifutshane, amashumi amawaka abantu beza phantsi yakhe ngakwibhanile. chroniclers esithile, ekuthiwa lomzobo 100 amawaka abantu, nto leyo ibonisa kwisikali intshukumo. Le mvukelo esengozini ukumkani kwi buso Dauphin kunye States Jikelele.

E. Marseille wada wangena umfelandawonye Kalem, nangona kunjalo, ukuba yokugqibela wayesazi isiphumo lomtshato, yintoni kuba phezu waya ntoni. Etienne ukongeza isivumelwano kunye Kalem, iyelenqe noCharles bububi (enyanisweni, utshaba, i inkosi feudal IsiNgesi). Carl Angry wabiza iintetho Guillaume, ngubani, nokuba ngaphandle kokuthatha ukuqinisekisa nabafo abazizibambiso, ukhokelwa inkxaso Marseille, wahamba yedwa ukugqiba ikhontrakthi Charles. Njengoko kwakulindelekile, Calea kubanjwa, kudala batyakatywa, ekugqibeleni babulawa. Rise somhleli ngaphandle kakhulu kwimidlalo enesidima, yaye emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa inzolo kwaphela. Izizathu Jacquerie baba zezo mini ezazikho kwizixeko ezininzi kunye namazwe yaseYurophu ngelo xesha, kodwa eFransi qhankqalazo waba isikali kunye neziphumo lizukileyo.

Iziphumo kunye nokubaluleka zembali

Jacquerie ukuba bacinezelwa ngenkani. Knights wena musa neentloni esebenza kuyo yonke imimandla esebenzayo le mvukelo kwenzeka isohlwayo Dauphin somfundisi odlame ngokuchasene umphakathi, kubulawa iiveki eziliqela. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye asikwazi ukuba le mvukelo badlula zifihlakele. Amagunya ke emva Jacquerie zaye ingqalelo kunye ngokoluvo nabalimi kunye abahlwempuzekileyo ezidolophini. Emva kokuba ingcinezelo laqalisa uthotho kutshintsho - utshintsho kwezoqoqosho, ezopolitiko, kunye nentlalo ezinxulumene umkhosi. Ngenxa yoko, France oyisa uloyiso enkulu phezu abahlaseli IsiNgesi, kunye uCharles V wakwazi ukukhulula phantse yonke indawo kubahlaseli.

Ngoko ke, i Jacquerie wanika negalelo enamandla kuphuhliso ngokubanzi karhulumente French.