Izikali zanamhlanje: iintlobo zezikali. Ziziphi izikali zecebo kunye nohlobo

Kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo - ukusuka kwindlu ukuya kwizentengiselwano - zingena kwizikali ezifanelekileyo. Iintlobo zezikali zihluke kakhulu, kwaye zihluke nje kuphela kwimilinganiselo yazo, kodwa nakwiimpawu zazo zokusebenza kunye namakhono. Abakhiqizi banamhlanje banikezela ukuthengwa kwezixhobo ezinjalo ezahlukeneyo, ubukhulu, ukuyila kunye nokucwangciswa, kuxhomekeke kwimisebenzi ethile kunye nenjongo.

Iimpawu

Ngokuxhomekeka kohlobo lwesisindo somlinganiselo, zonke izikali zihlukaniswe zibe yimishini, i-electromechanical ne-elektroniki. Umsebenzi wokuqala ngokusekelwe ekusebenzisaneni kwenkqubo yokuqhubela phambili kunye nempahla, ngelixa ulwazi luboniswa ngolotshelo oluxhunyaniswe kwinkqubo yeenqatha. Enyanisweni, oku kuyimilinganiselo yemveli neyaziwayo. Iintlobo zezikali zolu hlobo zikhangele ingqalelo kwixabiso eliphantsi. Kodwa izixhobo ezinjalo zifuna ukulungiswa okufanelekileyo, kuba ngaphandle kwemisebenzi yokubilisa i-lubrication, ukucoca nokulungiswa kwezixhobo ezinjalo kubalulekile.

Electromechanical

Inkqubo yokulinganisa kwezi ziko iqhutyelwa yintsebenziswano yenkqubo yokuqhubela iinqwelwe, ngeli xesha ulwazi malunga nomthwalo luvela ngaphandle kwecebo lombane. Izixhobo ezinjalo zilula ukufunda, kodwa izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo zixhobo zikhawuleza. Ukongeza, ukulungiswa kwezikali ezinjalo akulula.

OMbane

Lawa awona manqaku anamhlanje kwaye alula ukuwasebenzisa. Iintlobo zezikali zolu hlobo zinendlela ekhethekileyo yokumisela - esekelwe kwisenzi ebonisa umthwalo kwisalathisi. Ukuba ulandela imithetho yokusebenza, izikali ezinjalo ziyakwazi ukuhlala ixesha elide kakhulu. Imfuno eyona nto kukugcina izithintelo ngokulinganisela, okungekho ukudlula ubunzima obucacisiweyo. Ngaphandle koko, inzwa iyakonakaliswa.

Phakathi kweenzuzo zezixhobo ezinjalo, sinokwenza lula ukulula, ukunyaniseka nokukwazi ukubala inani elithatha ingqalelo kwixabiso kunye nobukhulu bezinto ngokuzenzekelayo. Xa kuthelekiswa nemifanekiso echazwe ngasentla, izixhobo zecomputer zinokumelana nokubhekiselele kwiimeko kunye nokufuduka kweqonga. Kodwa kukho izinto ezingonakalisiyo, ezibonakaliswa kwiindleko eziphezulu zesenzi kunye nobunzima bokutshintshwa kwayo.

KwiRhwebo

Kukho ubuncinane 5 iintlobo zezilingo ezisetyenziselwa ukurhweba. Kuyakwazi ukuthwala:

• UkuPakisha;
• Impahla (yokugcina impahla);
• Ukuthengiswa kwee-counter;
• Kwiivenkile zesevisi;
• Izikali zokuprinta iilebula.

Ubunqwenelekayo beesikali sokurhweba ukuxhobisa kwabo kunye neziboniso, ezinokufikelela kwiinqununu eziyi-6. Zifumaneke emzimbeni okanye kwindawo engaphandle. Izikali ezinjalo ziyimisebenzi emininzi, zihluke kwizinto ezicetywayo kwaye zivumela ukuba wenze izibalo ngokucacileyo nangokufanelekileyo ngokusemandleni.

Iintlobo zesikali sezorhwebo

Naliphi na isilinganisi sokurhweba esinokuboniswa kwamacala amabini, ukuze zombini umthengisi kunye nomthengi abone iiparitha zeempahla zilinganiswa. Oku mhlawumbi iinqanaba ezininzi kwi-classification. Iintlobo zezikali zorhwebo zilandelayo:

• Izixhobo eziphikisanayo zibala iindleko zeempahla emva kwedatha kwixabiso nge kilogram zingeniswa, zongeza iindleko zokuthenga ezininzi, kwaye ubale utshintsho.

• Kwizitolo zokuzimela, izikali ezizodwa ziyakwazi ukuphawula iimpahla kunye nokuprinta ukuprintwa (baprinta ilebula apho ulwazi olumalunga nemveliso luboniswa - iindleko nganye nge kilogram, indleko yokugqibela yobungakanani bempahla elinganisiweyo, imihla yokuphela).
• Ukuzaliswa kwezikali kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiivenkile, izibonelelo zokutya, xa ukupakishwa kwempahla yecandelo kwenziwa. Uninzi lwemodeli luhlobo lweeteknoloji zeteknoloji ezingasetyenziselwa kummandla woshishino (xa upakisha i-hardware), ii-pharmacy. Izixhobo ezinjalo ziyakwazi ukukhuselwa ngokukhethekileyo ekuthunjeni nasekuthunjweni okanye kwiindlela ezimbini zobunzima.
• Isilinganisi sempahla yesitorethi yilezi zixhobo ezinkulu ezinokulinganisela iimpahla ezivela kwiikhilo ezingama-60 ukuya kwii-2. Zibekwa phantsi, kwaye indawo yabo efanelekileyo inxulumene nomda ophezulu wokulinganisa.
• Isikali somsebenzi wokushicilela ileyibhile: esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiivenkile zokuzimela. Ezi zixhobo zixhotywe ngomshicileli oshishino obhala iilebhile zokubamba. Zonke iimpawu zabathengi ziboniswa kubo.

Yeposi

Izikali zeposi zihluke ngokuchanekileyo kokulinganisa, kuba zidibaniswe nokuqikelela ubunzima bepelsela, iphasela okanye ileta. Iimodeli ezisetyenziswayo zekhompyutha, ezibiza kakhulu. Kodwa banamathuba amaninzi:

• Ibhodi lebhodi, ebonisa ubungakanani bemveliso yeposi;
• Ubungakanani bokukhetha ngokuzenzekelayo kokungaqondakali kunye nemida;
• Inqanaba elifanelekileyo lempahla ekhuselekileyo;
• Inkqubo yokuzibonela ngokuzenzekelayo;
• Ukukwazi ukuxhuma kwikhompyutha.

Unokukhetha izikali zeposi ukwenzela ukuthunyelwa kwezinto ezincinci kunye nezincinci, kunye nempahla enobungakanani.

Zoshishino

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezisindo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini. Ngaloo ndlela, izixhobo zesikhulumi zixhobo ezizodwa ezisetyenziselwa iinkampani zenkampani, i-imeyile, amabhizinisi okuvelisa. Zonke izikali zoshishino zifakwe phantsi kwaye zinezakhiwo ezinzima. Zenzelwe ngokukhethekileyo ukulinganisela iimpahla kumashishini athile. Ngokuxhomekeke ekuguqulweni, bangakwazi ukuhamba ngesithuthi, ukunyanyiswa, ukungena kwamanzi kunye nobuncwane.

Eyaziwayo ngokufanayo kwishishini zilinganiso ezifana neenqwelo, i-crane, i-monorail, imoto. Zonke zazo zibonakaliswe ukwakhiwa okukhulu kunye nenkundla enkulu yesikhulumi, eyenzelwe ukulinganisela iimpahla ezibonakalayo.

Izikali ze-Crane

Iintlobo, iintlobo zezixhobo zoshishino zikholisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, isikali se-crane sisisombululo sokulinganisa esikuvumela ukuba ulinganise ubunzima bomthwalo kwimeko engamiswayo. Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezinjalo kucebise kwiichweba zeedolophu, izitolo zetsimbi, izitishi zezithuthi kunye namashishini oshishino. Izikali ze-Crane zibonakaliswe ngokulinganisa ukuchaneka, imithwalo yemithwalo (i-ladle, hopper), indlela yokufakela (imfono, ukumiswa), indlela yokufikelela ukulingana. Ngokomthwalo olinganisiweyo, imodeli yeganeyini yenzelwe ubunzima beetoni ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-10.

Ezi zikali ziyimishini kunye nekhompyutheni. Iimodeli zakutshanje zichanekile kwaye zi thembisa, nangona amaqela amaninzi asenokuba nezixhobo zokusebenza.

Imoto

Ezi zixhobo ezichanekileyo zenzelwe ukulinganisa iimoto kunye nezitimela zendlela. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise izikali ezinjalo kwi-metallurgy enezixhobo ezingenayo ifoni, ukutya kunye nekhemikhali, ezolimo kunye nokwakhiwa. Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela yokwenza imilinganiselo, imilinganiselo yemoto yenza umlinganiselo xa isithuthi siphatywe ngokupheleleyo. Ezi nkqubo zakhiwe ngaphandle kweziseko. Ezinye iimodeli zenzelwe ukulinganisa iinqwelo zeemoto, emva koko izikhombisi ziqwalaselwa kunye.

Ngokwahlukileyo kuyimfuneko ukuxelela malunga nezikali eziphathekayo zeemoto. Ziyahluka ngobunzima obunzima, iindleko eziphantsi kunye nobukhulu obucwangciswe kakuhle, okwenza kube lula ukuwafaka ukulinganisa kuyo nayiphi na indawo.

Pallet

Olu hlobo lwezikali lenzelwe ukulinganisa imithwalo ekhoyo kwiipellets. Izixhobo ezinjalo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo zokugcina impahla kunye neendawo zokusebenza. Ezi zakhiwo ezintsha zihambelana, kodwa zisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa imithwalo emikhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuninzi, iimodeli zixhotyiswe ngumbonakaliso wecomputer, owenza ukulawula ibhalansi kulula kwaye kulula ngakumbi. Ummiselo wemithwalo kwinqanaba elinjalo yipulatifomu ene-U, apho iisenjini ezine zakhiwe kuyo. Ngokukhululeka ukusebenza, izixhobo zithembeke kakhulu, kuba akukho zixhobo ezihambayo kuyo. Kwimiqulu eqhelekileyo, izikali zepallet zinemisebenzi eninzi eyongezelelweyo.

Izinketho zasekhaya

Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesisindo zingasetyenziselwa ubomi bemihla ngemihla, kwaye ziyahlukahluka kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezicwangciso zokwakha. Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweso sixhobo, kukho ipenji enesisindo okanye ngeqonga elinesisinki esisusayo. Izikali eziqhelekileyo kunye nesitya zisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa imveliso, umveliso wamanzi, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesitya esongezelelweyo akudingeki. Izixhobo kunye neplati zifunekayo ukulinganisa imithwalo okanye izinto ezahlukeneyo.

Iintlobo eziphambili zezilingo ezisetyenziselwa ubomi bemihla ngemihla zingumatshini okanye zombane. Ngokukodwa kwiimfuno zezixhobo ezisivumela ukuba sinqume ubunzima babo. Izixhobo ezinjalo zenzelwe ubunzima obuyi-300 kg. Ezinye iimodeli zanamhlanje zinokuxhaswa kunye nomhlalutyi we-fat fat. Ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwizikali zokuxilonga.

Kwiyeza

Kukho iintlobo zeempawu ezizodwa ezisetyenziselwa kwicandelo lezonyango. Ezi zixhobo zihlala ziphantsi komatshini okanye umbane. Kwizinto zokwakhiwa komatshini, into ephambili yesicingo esinesisindo sisesimweni sentsuku yokulinganisa. Kakade, akukho mfuneko yokuthetha malunga nezinga eliphezulu lokuchaneka kwezikali ezinjalo, ngoko ke, impazamo ithathwa ingqalelo xa ikulinganisa. Izixhobo zombane zezokwelapha ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo:

• Elula - oko kukuthi, ngokubonakalisa idijithali kunye nokufakelwa kwemishini;
• Ukuchaneka kwenyani.

Kucacile ukuba ukuchaneka kwemilinganiselo kwizikrini zekhompuyutha kuya kuphakama kakhulu. Izikali apho iintsana ezisanda kuzalwa zilinganiselwa kwizibhedlele nakwiikliniki nazo zibhekwa njengonyango. Ezi ndlela zineendlela ezihambelanayo, iqonga elikhethekileyo kwindawo yomntwana kunye nomboniso apho zonke iinkcukacha ezifunekayo kugqirha ziboniswa.

Kwiibhubhoratri

Iimpawu zanamhlanje zamanqanaba afanelekileyo kwaye zivumela ukulinganisa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ngaloo ndlela, izixhobo zebhubhoratri zisetyenziswanga kakhulu kwiiyeza, kodwa nakwiibhubhoratri zamashishini ahlukeneyo, amabhanki, iivenkile zeevenkile. Ubungqineko babo kukuba banako ukwenza imisebenzi eyongezelelweyo.

Ngokomzekelo, benza i-hydrostatic weighing, oko kukuthi, ukugqiba ubuninzi be-liquids okanye iziqulatho, zenze isisindo esinamandla (ukulinganisa izinto ezingezantsi). Ukulinganisa kwinqanaba lebhubhoratri lwenziwa ngamanqanaba angaphandle okanye kwindlela yokuzenzekelayo. Isici esahlukileyo sazo zixhobo kukukho kweeyunithi eziliqela zokulinganisa. Yaye kwaye imodeli engcali kunye neyindleko inomsebenzi owandisiweyo wemisebenzi. Ngaloo ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukhethe imodeli yezilingo ngeenjongo ezithile kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza.