Ukuba unako ukufikelela kwi-Intanethi okanye kunoma iyiphi inethiwekhi yendawo, i-router (ngaphandle koko i-router) ingaba yinye yezinto eziphambili ezixhunyiwe kwikhompyutha. Iyakwazi ukuxhuma ngokukhawuleza inethwekhi yakho yasekhaya ukuya kwangaphandle. Le divayisi ivumela lonke ulwazi olusasazeka kumboneleli ukuba lugqitywe ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke iikhomputha kwinethiwekhi yendawo. Ngexesha elifanayo, i-router ithatha umsebenzi obalulekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukukhuseleko kwenkqubo. Ngoko, yintoni i router?
I-router isetyenziselwa ukunxibelelana neenethwekhi zomhlaba, ezivumela ukuhanjiswa ngokuthe ngqo kwezothutho kunye nokusebenzisa iindlela ezikhoyo phakathi kwamanethiwekhi enethiwekhi. Ngaloo ndlela, injongo ephambili ye-router ukukhonza ezinye iindlela, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwezixhobo ezihlukeneyo.
Yintoni i router?
Xa i-router iya kusetyenziswa kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo ukuba zingaphi iifaki ezixhotyisiweyo. Umzekelo, ungasetyenziselwa kwingingqi, oya kulawula ngokuthe ngqo umzila, ukuba unxibelelwano olubanzi. Ngale fowuni, unako ukuxhuma amanethiwekhi e-Ethernet kunye nezinye iintlobo, kwaye unokudibanisa inethiwekhi yendawo kwihlabathi jikelele.
Kodwa akukho konke malunga nombuzo woluphi umbane. Ezi zixhobo azidibanisi kuphela amanethiwekhi kunye nehlabathi okanye omnye nomnye. Benza kwakhona ulawulo lwezithuthi ngokusekelwe kumgaqo wokulandelwa kwenethiwekhi, oko kukuthi, kwinqanaba eliphezulu ngaphezu komtshintsho. Ukulawulwa okunjalo kwe-router kuyimfuneko ukuba i-topology ye-intanethi iba nzima, kwaye ngenxa yokunyuka kwinani lamanani. Uthungelwano luququzelela inani eligqithisileyo leendlela, okumele luququzelele umgangatho ophezulu kunye nokuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza kweepakethi ezithile zeenkcukacha. Ngoko, ukuba umbuzo woluphi umbane, uqala ngakumbi okanye ungacacile, ngoko kukufanele ukukhankanya isihloko esithi "ukulandelelana kweenkqubo". Kukho ezimbini ezibalulekileyo: i-OSPF kunye ne-RIP. Xa usebenzisa okokuqala, kungekhona kuphela inani lamacebo phakathi kwama-node athatyathwa kwi-akhawunti, kodwa kunye nokusebenza kwenethwekhi, kunye nokulibazisa kwepakethi kunye nezinye iimitha. Olu hlobo lomgaqo-nkqubo lusetyenziselwa kwiinkonzo ezinkulu apho iirata ezixhomekeke kwiinkqubo ezinamandla zifunekayo. Xa usebenzisa isibini, ukhetho lweendlela eziphambili kakhulu lwenziwa ngokubhekiselele kumgaqo wenani elincinci leenethwekhi zethungelwano phakathi kweendawo. Ukuqwalaselwa kweli phepha kuba lula, kwaye i-router ilayishwe kakhulu.
Ngoko, ukuba umbuzo woluphi umbane, yonke into iyacaca kuwe, ngoko unokuyicinga ukuyisebenzisa ekhaya. Inethwekhi yasekhaya nge-router inxulumene neekhomputha kwintanethi yendawo, ngelixa liqinisekisa ukufikelela kwabo kwi-intanethi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi zixhobo zixhotyiswe ezine ezinezibuko, ezikuvumela ukuba uzixhumeke kwiikhomputha ezine. Emva koko umbuzo ungavela: "I-WiFi-router, yintoni na?". Olu hlobo lomzila, ngaphandle kweechwep, lukwaxhotyiswa ngeentennas, ezivumela iikhomputha ukuba zenze ufikelelo kwi-intanethi. Kuya kuba ukuba unamacebo nge-Wi-Fi-modyuli, akudingeki ukuba udibanise kwi-router ngokusebenzisa intambo yenethiwekhi yemveli, okwaneleyo ukusebenzisa imodyuli eyakhelwe kuyo.
Ngoko, ngoku uyazi ukuba i-router yintoni.