Ikhebula le-USB. USB Connectors

Namhlanje, wonke umntu uyazi kakuhle ukuba yiyiphi i- USB (i-USB). Lo mxinaniso omncinci kwi-motherboard yekhompyutha, i-laptop, umshicileli, ifowuni yeselula, ikhamera, umdlali, kwaye phantse yonke indawo. Ngokunceda unako ukudibanisa kwisixhobo kungekhona kuphela ishaja kwaye uqhube, kodwa nanto nantoni na oyithandayo, nokuba ngumfudumala weenyawo.

Yintoni i-USB? Le yindlela yokudibanisa nokudlulisa idatha phakathi kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zobuchwepheshe (okubizwa ngokuba yi-UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS).

Imbali yenzeke kunye nemigaqo eyisiseko yomgangatho we-USB

Imilinganiselo yokuqala ye-USB yenziwe yiqela labantu abakhulu abenzi bezixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye ne-software njenge-Intel, iMicrosoft, IBM, i-Philips, i-NEC nabanye. Kwakuyi-standard standard for manufacturers of any hardware and software.

Umgaqo oyintloko wale mgangathiso wawunjalo jikelele. Kwakucatshulwa ukuba ikhonkco yendalo yonke iya kufaka yonke into ekhona ngexesha elixineneyo lenkxaso-mboleko yezixhobo zangaphandle zangaphandle zekhompyutheni kwaye iya kukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa nokukhutshwa kwezixhobo ezingaqhelekanga kunye neemodyuli.

Ubukho bomgca wamandla we-Volt 5 buvumele ezinye iifowuni ezixhunyiwe ukuba zingenalo umthombo wamandla angaphandle.

Ukusetyenziswa kancinci kuphakanyiswe ukuba mhlawumbi i-plug (okanye "iplagi kunye nokudlala") esingafuni ukufakwa kwamabhodi athile, abaqhubi kunye nokucima iPC.

Omnye umgaqo obalulekileyo kakhulu wemigangatho yikhono lamanye amacebo ukuba asebenze njengamacebo okudibanisa nezinye iifowuni, ukwenza umsebenzi obizwa ngokuba yi-hub function. Umzekelo, ukukwazi ukuxhuma ikhamera kwabanye abaprinta, imouse kwibhodibhodi eyenzelwe oku, njalo njalo.

Kutheni ufuna i-USB

YUSB ngowokuqala kuwo onke amandla okuxhuma amadivaysi ekhompyutheni ngokudluliselwa kwedatha kunye nokuvumelanisa (iibhobhodi, iigundane, iifowuni, iifowuni, abadlali, iikhamera, iikhamera, abaprinta, ama-scanners, izixhobo zokugcina zangaphandle kunye nee-CD-ROM kwikhompyutheni, kunye nokunye okuninzi. ) U

Ekubeni i-interface yayo iqulethe umbane wamandla angama-5-volt, oku kubonelela ngokukodwa amandla athile axhunyiwe kwiinkcukacha zokugatya imithombo yamandla angaphandle, kwaye okwesibini-ukusebenzisa i-UBS kungekhona injongo yayo, kodwa ukuhlawula iifowuni, abadlali, izithethi zeselula kunye nebhethri, Iibhonkco, njl

Kwakhona kwakukho uluhlu oluhlukeneyo lwamadivaysi e-USB afana nezikhanyiso, abalandeli, izitya zokufudumala, ngokusebenzisa ichweba kuphela njengomthombo wamandla.

Iinguqulelo ze-USB

Kuba namhlanje kukho iinguqulelo ezi-3.

I-USB 1.1 ayifumanekanga isetyenziswa ngenxa yesantya sezothutho sokuhamba kwedatha - akukho ngaphezu kwe-12 Mbit / s. Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje lisetyenziselwa kuphela ukuhambelana.

I-USB 2.0 okwangoku inkokheli. Iziqinisekiso zokuthutha ixabiso lokufikelela kwi-30 MB / s. Kwiinkqubo ezininzi zanamhlanje (ngaphandle kwe-HDD zangaphandle) esi sivinini sanele.

I-YUSB 3.0 ingowesizukulwana sokugqibela kwaye inikeza isivinini sezothutho seenkcukacha kwi-500 MB / s. Ngenxa yokuba isivinini sokuqhutshwa kwee-drives ezikhuni zanamhlanje sincinane kathathu, le nguqulo inesiphelo esaneleyo kwisantya sokuhlala sifanelekileyo kwaye sidinga.

I-USB 3.0 ne-2.0: iintlobo

I-USB 2.0, thayipha i-A yinto ethandwa kakhulu. Uninzi lwezixhobo (iibhobhobhodi, iigundane, iifowuni kunye nezifana ezifanayo) zixhotyiswe kule port. Yadalwa phakathi kwee-90. Ukuthenjwa, okwenza kube lula ukujamelana nenani elikhulu lezonxibelelwano kwaye uhlale uphelele kwaye uyasebenza - oku kuyona nto inzuzo enkulu kule port. Kwikhonkco kukho ukhuseleko oluxhomekeke kumnxibelelwano olungalunganga. Kodwa ubunzima abuvumeli ukuyisebenzisa kumadivayisi aphathekayo.

I-USB 2.0, uhlobo lweB luyintando ephantsi. Udidi lweBakala - elilodwa kuphela kumgca wonke unomfanekiso wesikwere. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu, isetyenziswe kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo eziphambili (iiskrini, abashicileli kunye nezinye izixhobo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo).

Ukuvela kwenani elikhulu lezinto eziphathekayo ezincinci kubangele ukuba ii-USB zidibeneyo kwaye ziguqulelwe zibe yi-mini version ye-2.0 B. Ukuthandwa kwesi sixhobo kwaziswa ngokusabalalisa iifowuni ezikhutshweyo eziphathekayo kunye neekhomputha zeekhompyutha. I-USB encane, uhlobo lwe-B linxibelelwano ezintlanu, olunye lwazo alubandakanyeki. Nangona kunjalo, nangona zinzuzo ze-miniaturization, ukungabikho komnxibelelwano kwakukho ukuthembeka okuphantsi. Kukho i-Mini Mini, uhlobo A. Akunakulisetyenziswa kwaye alufani neB kuphela kwifomu.

Isixhamli seMicrosoft B simele sifane ne-Mini USB B, kodwa siye sahlaziywa kwaye sincinci ngobukhulu. Siyabulela kwimilinganiselo epheleleyo yokuyisebenzisa kwizinto zobugcisa ezincinci. Ikhonkco ephuculweyo yeplagi ayivumeli ukuba ikhulule ize iphume kwisekho.

Ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-2011 iMicrosoft USB ibanjwe njengendlela yokugcina iifowuni zokuhlawula ezininzi zamacwecwe, ii-fowuni kunye nezinye izixhobo ezincinane. Kukho uhlobo A. Lwenzeka ngokungaqhelekanga kwaye luhluke kuphela kwimilo engxande.

Umgangatho ophezulu kakhulu we-USB 3.0 namhlanje unika amandla okuphumeza ukuhamba kwezithuthi eziphezulu. Oonxibelelwano olongezelelweyo kwenza ukuba kube lula ukukhawulezisa ukudluliswa kolwazi, okukhokelela ekuphuculweni kweesisombululo ezininzi zesithathu. Utshintsho lwangaphandle lwe-USB A luchaphazele kuphela umbala wengundoqo - ngoku iluhlaza. Ngaphandle koko, ukuhambelana kwe-USB 3.0 kunye ne-USB 2.0 A ayiguqukanga. Oku kuthetha ukuba iimodyuli ziyahambelana.

I-USB 3.0, uhlobo lweB luyilungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa kwiinkcukacha ezikude okanye zangaphandle zixhobo ezinegunya eliphezulu kunye nokusebenza, kunye nakwezinye izixhobo ezinzima. Kwimiba emininzi i-port ayifani nokungafani nayo ngaphambili, nangona ilifa lemveli kunye nezinto eziqhelekileyo ze-Micro USB 2.0. I-Compact, inokwethenjelwa, ngoxhumano lwekhwalithi, ikuvumela ukuba udlulise ulwazi olukhawulezayo. Umxhasi uxhotyiswe ngeenjini ezikhuni zangaphandle kunye ne-SSD.

Kwakhona, kungekudala kubonakala i-subspecies ezinjalo ze-USB njengeMicrosoft 3.0 okanye 3.1, uhlobo C. Uqwalaselo lwabafowunelwa lufana nohlobo B, kodwa luhluke ngendlela yoxhumano.

Abantu ngamanye amaxesha badideka kwi- USB mini connectors kunye ne-Micro - ngo kwenene bafana kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, umehluko omkhulu kukuba i-Mini Mini inobuncinane obukhulu, kwaye i-Micro ixhotyiswe ngamanqindi amancinci ngasemva. Kule nxalenye bafana.

Kutheni i-USB encinci

Isixhamli seMicrosoft sisincinci, sinokuthenjwa kwaye ngoku sisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo komgangatho.

Ndiyabulela ekuqiniseni okuphucukisiwe kunye ne-snaps-loaded load, egcinwe ngokusisigxina esihlahleni, ayigxininisi okanye aphume. Kuza kube yimini, iMicrosoft iyimilinganiselo yendalo yonke yamacandelo okuvumelanisa kunye neeshaja ezixhobo zokusebenza eziphathekayo kunye nezinye izixhobo zamashishini abaninzi kwihlabathi. Nomaphi apho, kuyo yonke indawo ithuba lokuhlangabezana nekhebula le-USB eliqhelekileyo okanye ishaja efanayo liphezulu kunanoma yimuphi uhlobo lwegadget. Izixhobo eziqhelekileyo, ezinjengeemveliso ze-Apple, zinezixhobo ezixhomekeke kuzo, ngokungafani nale. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezininzi ze-adapters ezivumela ukuba udibanise nayiphi na ikhebula le-Apple Micro USB.

Utshintsho ekusebenzeni kwesixhobo

Ngokuxhomekeke kumenzi kunye nokuya kuyo, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokudibanisa iimbambo nge-Micro USB.

Umenzi angahluka ubude bekhebula, ubukhulu kunye nezinto zokukhupha, ubukho besikrini, i-core eyongezelelweyo okanye i-ferrite filters ngokuqaphela kwawo, kwaye isekelwe kwinjongo yekhebula kunye neendleko zayo.

Okokuqala, izintambo ezine-Micro USB zihluke ngohlu oluhlukeneyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwekhebula luhlobo B, kwaye ngolunye luya kuluhluza uhlobo lwe-A (emibini yomgangatho kunye ne-OTG - obizwa ngokuba ngumama), uMncinci, uhlobo lweB (kwakhona lufumaneka kwimiqathango emibini), iMini kunye nokuba nayiphi na iimeko ezikhoyo Umxhasi womgangatho ofanayo.

Kunqabile kakhulu, ukuchaneka okuthe ngqo kwindlela yokusebenzisa ikhebula le-Micro USB kunokwenzeka ukuba kunikwe amandla okudlulisa okanye idatha ethile. Oku kuququzelelwe ngokuthandwa kwayo nokufikeleleka.

Inkcenkcesho encinci ye-USB

Ukunikezela iintambo kwikhebula le-USB:

• Olubomvu - iVBUS - (+ 5V, Vcc) + 5V, 500 mA ngokumalunga ne-GND.
• I-White-D- (-Datha).
• Uhlaza-D + (+ Idata).
• Umnyama - GND - -5V okanye umhlaba.

Kukho oonxibelelwano abangama-5 kwi-Micro, i-Mini USB connectors:

• Olubomvu - VBUS.
• I-White-D-.
• Oluhlaza-D +.
• I-ID - kwisixhobo soxhamli B asisetyenzisiweyo, okanye ifutshane ne-GND malunga nokusebenza kwe-OTG.
• Black - GND.

Kwezinye iimeko, intambo ye-USB ye-USB ingaba ne-braiding, ukukhusela okanye ingcingo engafihliweyo (inokuthengiswa kwi-log connector), le fayile ayibalwa.

Iindidi zezixhobo ze-USB

I-adapter ye-USB - ifowuni ehambelana nokuguqula i-USB esemgangathweni kwintsebenziswano yomnye umgangatho. Kukho imodeli eguqulela kwindlela eyahlukileyo.

Umsebenzi oyintloko we-adapters ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana. Kukho njalo unokwenzeka ukuba imeko apho kufuneka udibanise isixhobo kunye ne-non-standard interface okanye isixhobo kwikhompyutha, i-smartphone okanye ithebhulethi. Kule meko, ii-adapters ze-USB ziya kuhlangula, iintlobo nemigangatho yazo eninzi namhlanje.

Kukho uhlobo oluthile lwe-adapter, oluxhotywe ngamacebo ahlukeneyo kunye nokuhlukana kwesiteshi - i-USB-hub. Ikuvumela ukuba udibane kunye neefowuni ezahlukeneyo, ngamanye amaxesha nakwiindidi ezahlukeneyo, kwinqwelo ekhompyutheni yakho okanye kwenye ifowuni yeselula ngenxa yokuba uhlobo lwe-A, B, Mini, i- pinout ye-USB ifakwe kumgangatho ofanayo.

Izinzuzo kunye nokungalunganga komxhamli we-MicroUSB

Ukuqwalasela konke oku ngasentla, sinokufingqa: I- USB encinci - oku kuyisigqibo esivakalayo sokuguqulwa komgangatho.

Iingenelo zibandakanya: i-miniature, ukuthembeka ngokuthelekisana, i-universal kunye nokusabalalisa.

Kodwa ngokukratshi, inzuzo eyona nto yayiyiyona nto eyintloko. Ukunciphisa i-miniaturization kuye kwanciphisa ukuthembeka kwekhonkco, ngokukodwa kwimimandla yokuncedisa kunye ne-soldering.

Nangona kunjalo, naphi na apho ukhona, akunzima ukufumana ikhebula le-Micro USB ukuze uvuselele ipilisi yakho oyithandayo okanye ukusetha kwakhona iifoto ezimbalwa kwi-PC yakho.