Isixhobo somoya esenziwe ngomculo. Izixhobo zomculo zemimoya ze-symphony orchestra

I-orchestra liqela elikhulu leemvumi, eliqukethe amaqela. Kule maqela, abaculi badlala ngokubambisana. Kukho ii-orchestra ezahlukeneyo ekubunjweni kunye nomculo. Ingaba: isandi, umoya, intambo, iindidi, i-jazz, ibutho lempi, isikolo, izixhobo zomntu.
Izixhobo ze-orchestra ze-symphony zihlulwe zibe ngamaqela: izixhobo, imimoya, izixhobo zomculo. Kananjalo, izixhobo zomoya zibhedu kunye neenkuni - kuxhomekeke kwizinto eziphathekayo.

Ngokuphathelele izixhobo zokhuni ngokubanzi

Izixhobo zeWoldwind ze-symphony orchestra zi-bassoon, oboe, umlingo, i-clarinet kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuhluka kwazo. Imimoya yokhuni iquka i-saxophone kunye ne-bagpipes kunye neentlobo zazo, kodwa azifaneki zisetyenziswe kule ngoma.

Ngokwenene, nokuba yeyiphi yalezi zixhobo zenza inxalenye yayo. Kuyavunyelwa ukuba amaqela omoya okhuni kufuneka abekwe kwimigca ephezulu yamanqaku. Isiqhelo esiphezulu semithi yokhuni siqhakazile, sihambelana, kodwa sinamandla. Esi sandi sifana nezwi lomntu.

Leli gama lamanzi lalingumphumo wokuba okokuqala benziwe bonke ngokwenkuni. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ezinye izinto zazisebenzisa ekuveleni kwazo, kodwa igama lezinto ezenziwe ngamaplanga.
Ukunciphisa ikholomu yokumemeza emoyeni ngokuvula imingxuma ngumgaqo wokuveliswa kwesandi kwezi zixhobo. Imingxuma ikhona emzimbeni.

Izixhobo zomoya zokhuni, ngokubhekiselele kwi-air jet, zineendlela ezimbini: i-labial - flute kunye ne-duduk - kunye nomhlanga (kunye ne-onex-saxophone, i-clarinet-kunye ne-double-cane-duduk, zurna, oboe, bassoon, shalmei).

Kwaye ngoku ngokubanzi.

Umlenze

Iqhekeza iyisisitye sokubamba ngamatye. Kubonakala kuninzi kakhulu ebudeni bexesha elide, xa abantu emceni onqambileyo bephelile bavumba izimbobo kunye nezandi ezikhishwe kuyo. Phakathi neMinyaka Ephakathi, kwaye kwasasazwa iintlobo ezimbini zomlambo: umgca ochanekileyo-wawubanjelwe ngqo, njenge-clarinet, kunye ne-transverse, eyayibanjelwe kwikota. Ngethuba, sele sele sele sele emngceleni wenkulungwane ye-19, umgudu ogqithisayo waba mfuneko ngakumbi kwaye wawufukamela ngokuthe tye.

Kwinqanaba leemithi, yimilambo enesandi esiphezulu. Lo ngowona mthwalo wezoxhobo zonke zobugcisa. Kunzima ukwenza iingoma ezicothayo kunye neenkcukacha ezizinzileyo, kuba umlinganiselo omkhulu womoya usetyenziswayo xa udlala kuyo (umoya ophelileyo umgodi uphukile kwaye ulahleka kancane). Yileyo ndlela isakhiwo esilungileyo somlenze senziwa. Uluhlu lwesiguqu esicatshulwayo luvela kwi-octaves yokuqala ukuya kweyesine.

Iintlobo eziphambili zomlingo

Umgcini-nkcukacha - umlenze womda weentsapho. Inhloko isebenzisa ingeniso. Isici esahlukileyo - imilo eminwe ye-7 + 1. I-timbre ithambile.

I-Flute-Piccolo - umtsalane ojikelezayo. Kuphindwe kabini kunesiqhelo. Ngaba isandi esiphezulu. I-timbre ibonakale kakhulu, kwaye kunye noMculo onamandla forte.svg - ukubhoboza kakhulu.

Umbhobho we-Pipe - isiRashiya isandi somoya, umlenze womda. Ingaba nemibhobho emibili yobude obuhlukeneyo, ixoxana omnye komnye kwinqanaba elicocekileyo.

I-Syringa - umlenze wexesha elide. I-barreled single-barreled and multi-barreled. Ngamaxesha amandulo wayedlalwa ngabelusi.

I-Panflute yimijelo emininzi. Eli liqela leetyhubhu eziliqela zobude ezahlukeneyo.

Di isimboli saseTshayina esikhuni. Iyingqapheli kwaye inikwe izimbobo ezithandathu.

UKen uyisigidi esinexesha elide elenziwe ngomhlanga. Isetyenziswe kumculo waseLatin America.

Umtsalane wesi-Irish usetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekusebenzeni kwama-Irish folk motifs. Lo ngumlenze ojikelezayo.

Zonke ezi ntlobo zezibetho zixhobo zomoya. Uluhlu lungaphinda luzaliswe ngabameleli bentsapho njenge-tamer, ikhwelo kunye ne-ocarina.

Oboe

Isixhobo esilandelayo esivela kwicandelo lamathambile yi-oboe. Kuyaziwa ukuba i-oboe ayiyi kulahlekelwa ukulungiswa kwayo kwaye ngoko yonke i-orchestra ixhomekeke kwimoya esi sixhobo sisebenzela.

I-oboe nayo yinto yokusebenza yomoya, enemizi emibini. Njengomfutho , ngummeli omdala weentsapho zokuhamba. Ookhokho bakhe babetha bombard, bagpipe, duduk, zurna. I-Oboe, ngenxa yomsindo wayo kunye ne-softbreak (nangona ibukhali kwirejista engenhla ), iyinto ethanda kakhulu yabaculi abaculi kunye nabaculi kunye nabadlali. Ngokomsebenzi wobugcisa, naye uhamba ngombane, kodwa ungezantsi kulo mrhubhe. Ngaphandle ityhubhu ngohlobo lwenkona, ekupheleni kwayo yimiba ephindwe kabini, kwaye isiphelo esisezantsi siyi-funnel efana ne-funnel.

Iintlobo eziphambili ze-oboe

I-oboe yamanje: i-musette, i-oboe ene-bell conical, i-baritone uphondo, uphondo lwesiNgesi.

I-baroque oboe: i-baroque oboe d'amur, i-oboe ne-cacca okanye i-oboe yokuzingela.

Clarinet

I-Clarinet iyona sixhobo soomculo esinezona ziqhelekileyo . Inomnye umkhenkce kunye nobubanzi bezandi. Ngendlela yokubonakala, le yimboyi yamatye efana nesilinda, ekupheleni kwayo enye inye, kwaye enye iphelo yintsimbi enobumba.

Isiqwenga sesixhobo siyathambile kwaye sinokumangalisa. Azikho ezinye izixhobo zomoya ze-orchestra ye-symphonic zinaloo thuba lokutshintsha amandla aphilileyo, njenge-clarinet. Ngenxa yolu mgangatho, i-clarinet ithathwa njengenye yezona zixhobo ezicacileyo ze-orchestra. Ububanzi be-clarinet kumculo bubanzi kwaye buhluke. Ukongeza kwi-symphonic, ubhedu kunye ne-orchestra yempi, isetyenziswe ngokusisigxina kwi-jazz, iindidi kunye nomculo womntu.

Iintlobo eziphambili ze-clarinet

I-clarinet enkulu okanye ye-soprano yintlobo ebalulekileyo, isixhobo se-viola kunye ne-soprano.

I-clarinet encinci - ingasetyenziswa kangangoko, inezwi elikhulu.

I-clarinet ye-Bass - isandi sayo yinto ye-octave phantsi kwe-clarinet enkulu. Esi sixhobo sokhuni, esandiwe kwirejista ephantsi, sisoloko sisetyenziswa kwi-orchestra ukuphucula izandi. Unamandla amakhulu. I-clarinet yebhasi isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-jazz.

I-Bassethorn - yokunyusa uluhlu lwe-clarinet eqhelekileyo. Unomthunzi ozolileyo.

Bassoon

Isixhobo sokhuni sokhuni sokhuni lweBasonon. Uluhlu lwayo lubandakanya iirejista eziphantsi: ezingaphelelanga, i-tenor kunye ne-bass. I-bassoon yatshintsha i-predecessor yayo - i-old bass line kwi-bombard. Ngokungafani nesibhobholo, esinomsindo oqhekezayo, isithwathwa sinomsindo omnene, oncibilikisayo.

I-trunk ye-bassoon yenziwe ngamaplanga, ide kwaye ilandelwe. Ityhubhu yensimbi enomhlanga oqhotyoshelwe phezulu kumbhobho. Inqunyanyisiwe entanyeni yomculi ngoncedo lwentsimbi.
Kwi-orchestra, i-bassoon inokukhonza njengenkxaso yamacandelo e- bass , kwaye ibe nenxalenye ezimeleyo. Kufuneka ukuhamba komoya omkhulu xa udlala le sixhobo, ngakumbi kwirejista ephantsi ngezwi elikhulu.

Uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwe-bassoon

Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-bassoon zanamhlanje ziyimpazamo. Isixhobo somoya sokhuni esinegama eliphantsi libhekwa njengelona iqela elincinane kunazo zonke kwisixhobo somculo wee-orchestra kwaye okwesibini kuphela kwinqanaba lokuhamba nge-pedal. Iqulethe iqela elincinci.

Saxophone

Izixhobo ezingentla ngentlobo zazo zixhobo zomoya. Uluhlu luyakongezwa ngaphandle komnye ummeli weli qela - i-saxophone.

I-Saxophone inqabile isetyenziswe kwi-symphony orchestra. Udlalwa ngokubhekisele kwibhande lobhedu. Inesandi esinamandla. Le ngenye yezixhobo eziphambili kwi-jazz nomculo we pop. Unomculo odibeneyo. Ukususela kwindawo yokujonga, ubuchwephesha kakhulu. Ifikelela kuma-15 cm ukuya kwi-2 mitha. I-saxophone yenziwe ngobhedu, kwaye oku kubunye ubungqina bokuba igama lamanzi alisoloko lilingana nezinto ezivela kuyo.

Iintlobo eziphambili ze-saxophone

Soprano saxophone. Iyakwazi ngqo okanye ephihliweyo. Azinconywa kubaqalayo. Unomthi oqhaqhaqhazayo nolunamandla.

I-alto saxophone okanye i-saxophone yeklasi. I-curved, eqhelekileyo isebenzisa uhlobo lwesixhobo. Kunconywe ngabo baqala ukufunda umdlalo. Ngaba unomlomo omncinci. Inikwe umgqomo ocacileyo kunye ocacileyo. Eyona nto iyisimboli somculo.

Saxophone. Le ntlobo isetyenziswe rhoqo kwi-jazz. Ubungakanani bayo, ubukhulu bomlomo, imingxuma kunye neentonga zikhulu kunezo ze-alto saxophone. Unomdaka obushushu. Kulula ukudlala iindinyana ezinzima.

I-saitophone yeBaritone. Yona inkulu ngobukhulu, ngoko ke ininzi kakhulu inokulimala. Unomthi obanzi kwaye unamandla.

Uluhlu lwaluphi na uhlobo lwe-saxophone lu-octave ezimbini. Ngokulungelelanisa ubuchule bezobugcisa kunokwenzeka ukukhipha amanqaku aphezulu.

Bagpipes

I-Bagpipe yintlobo yeso sixhobo somoya. Ebonakalayo, i-bagpipe yesikhwama sekhanda, ehlanganiswe ngoboya kwaye igcwele umoya. Iipayipi ezininzi zokhuni zifakwe kuyo. Enye yeetayibhulo inezivulo, ingoma idlala kuyo, enye (ubuncinci ubuncinane) isebenza ukufaka umoya. Zonke ezinye zinika ukuvakala okuqhubekayo kwezandi eziliqela, ukuphakama kwazo okungahlali kungatshintshi. Unomsindo oqinileyo wokubhoboza. I-Bagpipe ihambelana nokusebenza kwamaninzi amaninzi aseYurophu (kwaye kungekhona kuphela).

Ngaloo ndlela, izixhobo zomoya zokhuni zihlobo ezahlukeneyo, kunye ne-timbre ehlukeneyo kunye neentlobo, ezisetyenziswe kwiimpawu ezahlukahlukeneyo zomculo.