Isishwankathelo kweenkqubo zolawulo database

Zonke izenzo zabantu kuhlangene kunye ezahlukeneyo iidayrektri ngolwazi zolwazi. The Library irejistri, yokubhala, idilesi kwifowuni yakho okanye tablet - oku uluhlu olupheleleyo ulwazi olucwangcisiweyo, apho sisebenzisa. Kodwa computer ezifana ngqo, ngoko unike inkcazo.

Ngenxa yoko, iziko ledatha (DB) - iseti ye data enxulumene ngokusengqiqweni ukuba ichaza ulwazi bezinto kwiinkalo zezifundo ezahlukeneyo yaye alungiswa kunye nezixhobo zekhompyutha.

inkqubo yolawulo Database yimekobume software kunye ulwimi ekudaleni, ukulawula nokuhoywa neziseko zolwazi. Bokunikeza database:

• Sebenza kunye neziseko ngaphandle (disks, amakhasethi, njl ...) kunye RAM;
• Ukwabelana abasebenzisi;
• ukutshintsha ulawulo, ukugcina kunye nokufunyanwa database;
• nokubonelela ngokwazi ukufikelela ulwimi ulwazi processing ;
• izixhobo ukuba indalo, ukuguqulwa, kunye nolawulo ledatha.

Ngamafutshane, database imisela indlela yokugcina, kunye database zinika indlela processing. Ukongezelela, iinkqubo zolawulo database yahlulwe kwinkqubo ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuba ingaphatha iintlobo lwe data ezizodwa zenzelwe kwindawo ethile isifundo okanye uhlobo ulwazi. Umzekelo i kweenkqubo zolawulo ledatha ezizodwa into ebomini.

Management System Ukunxulumana

Emva kokufumana iinkcukacha computer kuye imifuziselo ezininzi ngomsebenzi wabo, kodwa imodeli ezinobume yeyona jikelele. It is a iseti ezinxulumeneyo iitafile lolwazi, uqinisekisa ukuthembeka komsebenzi ubuncinane ulwazi. model Table lalisetyenzisiwe ukuba uninzi kwiinkalo zezifundo, kwaye imarike yinkqubo yolawulo ledatha zonxulumelwano baqalisa ukuba ngokukhawuleza. Lo mzobo ubonisa umzekelo isakhiwo zonxulumelwano of "isiseko kubafundi."

Zonke DBMSs zonxulumelwano inkxaso ANSI SQL umgangatho wolwimi kunye nemigaqo esisiseko yemodeli ezinobume, nto leyo yenza izicelo ukuqhuba zolwazi ezahlukeneyo. Ukongezelela, edatha ezinkulu kufuneka ezabo izidanga zabo SQL ulwandiso. Imizekelo yolawulo inkqubo ledatha kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu-isikali - oku Kumncedisi we SQL Microsoft kunye Oracle.

Umfuziselo ezinobume ezisetyenziswa kuphuhliso lweeprojekthi Internet ngempumelelo. Imizekelo database I SQL yam and PostgreSQL.

technology NoSQL

Ukwanda imithamo data nokuntsonkotha ubudlelwane kukhokelele ukuvela kweenkqubo ezintsha zolawulo ledatha. Ulwazi Uyekile ukuba bazimele geqe ngabanye, kwaye maxa wambi nkqu akunakwenzeka ukuchaza ngqo isakhiwo sayo. zolwazi zonxulumelwano andisakwazi ukumelana imisebenzi enjalo. Oku kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni ukuvela uhlobo olutsha ulwazi kunye neenkqubo zolawulo, elaziwa ngokuba NoSQL ( «akukho SQL»).

Eyona engundoqo iindidi NoSQL zolwazi:

1. "Ixabiso Key". Le database kakhulu ethandwayo - Redis, Voldemort, iKhabhinethi eTokyo kunye Dynomite.
2. Clones database BigTable. It waphuhliswa Google engine ukusetyenziswa uphendlo lwangaphakathi. BigTable ngokusemthethweni It njengesifundo, kodwa kukho i-database rhoqo yayo. It Hadoop, Hypertable kunye UCassandra.
3. Document ebomini. Eyona ethandwa Berkeley DB XML, MongoD, zikhona kunye CouchDB.
4. Ngokusekelwe isiseko kwethiyori grafu. Used in Neo4j, Sones graphDB kunye AllegroGraph.

ngekusasa DBMS

Market iinkqubo zolawulo ledatha zonxulumelwano iyaqhubeka ikhula yaye ngakumbi bayakuzisebenzisa NoSQL-kwezigqibo. Kakade ke, kwi "SQL zakudala» wathengisa isixa esikhulu iinkqubo software zintsonkothe ezahlukeneyo, yaye kubo akukho zinde market ezinjengezo Microsoft Oracle. Kodwa abanye ngokuqinisekileyo siya kuthathwa ngokuthi NoSQL kule minyaka izayo uya kuba nako zokususa kakhulu iinkokeli kuphuhliso lweenkqubo zengcaciso ezintsonkothileyo.