Isishwankathelo CentOS 7: ufakelo, iimpawu ulwenziwo kunye neziphakamiso

Abaninzi abazi ukuba zonke iinkonzo kunye neenkonzo ukuba sisebenzise kwi web, ngokusekelwe ngqo iikhompyutha efanayo esebenza emakhayeni ethu, kodwa beka ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo, akanako ndingaqhayisa ujongano omhle oluntanganye kunye zilawulwa ngamaqela abazinikeleyo. Ezi computer ngokuba abancedisi. Abantu banolwazi, Kakade ke, uyazi njani ukuba ingoma kunye "baphakanyiswa" umncedisi wakho. Kuba abo ezintsha kweli shishini, kufuneka ukuba bawele forum ngaphezu kwesinye, ukuze ekugqibeleni anisekele. Inye into esiqiniseke ngayo yile: ukunyenyisa ophantsi kunye neemali-server oluzinzileyo, kufuneka ukhethe i ofanayo-iindleko kunye nesiseko esihle, ezizezi, inkqubo yokusebenza esekelwe kwi-Linux. Ukukhetha zabaninzi iwela ku CentOS 7. Le izinto eziqokelelwayo isishwankathelo uzifake njani CentOS 7 kunye nokudala rhoqo yayo iseva esisiseko.

Yintoni CentOS?

CentOS - wabela Linux, uncedo engundoqo yona uzinzo. Le nkqubo, efana Fedora ekhuphisana osenyongweni, yakhiwa kwi lwemvelaphi ikhowudi ye Red Hat Linux ihlawulwe. Nevuthisayo ngexesha ke, sisixhobo zilungele ukuba abalawuli kwinkqubo abafuna nakwiingqikelelo ezenziwayo, yokusebenza ezinzileyo kunye nokusebenza lula.

CentOS akakwazi ndoqhayisa iinguqulelo ezintsha lwempahla, ngokwahlukileyo ukuya Fedora efanayo, kodwa zonke umphathi wendlela kuphela happy xa Fedora okanye elinye ukuhanjiswa mihla noko nale phakheji yayo fresh "owela" kunye CentOS ziya kuqhubeka ukusebenza ngoxolo, nokuba ukweyiphi immeko. Lo nto ichaza ngokufutshane inkqubo hlengiso kunye CentOS sentlalo-7, iinkalo eziphambili zale nkqubo kunye nokusingqongileyo yokusebenza.

Thwebula CentOS 7

Phambi ufaka CentOS 7, kufuneka download nokuqhuba unikezelo nkqubo kwi-website esemthethweni.

Kukho ezininzi iinketho yokuqalelisa:

• ISO-ifayile ukubhala idiski - kokufanelekileyo ukuba isininzi inkqubo epheleleyo kunye imbonakalo-mfanekiso yeprogram elungele umsebenzisi;
• ISO-ifayile ukufaka ukusuka ihard diski kwaye USB-stick - iseti kakhulu epheleleyo iipakethe;
• ISO kwalawo lincinane - iqulethe kuphela olusebenzisayo nkqubo kunye iseti amancinane kwathunyelwa akukho GUI (olu guqulelo lwe lonikezelo akukho ngxaki ukuze 'lift "umncedisi ngaphandle kokufaka nantoni engaphezulu).

Phakathi ezimbini umfanekiso disk "live", unako iifayile besiqalo ukufumana bume ezimbini desktop ezahlukeneyo (KDE kunye Gnome). Le mifanekiso ezilungele abo bafuna ukuzama phandle inkqubo ufakelo i hard diski.

Ifaka CentOS 7

Nokuba ukhetha umfanekiso ubuncinane CentOS 7 uya kusebenzisa GUI ukufaka le nkqubo kwi-hard drive.

Le nkqubo iqhutywa amanyathelo esisiseko 6:

• umhla kunye nexesha - kwesi sigaba, khetha nje zone lakho ixesha, kwaye nexesha uya ibhili ngokuzenzekelayo.
• Ukubeka ulwimi kunye lwebhodi yezitshixo - kufuneka ukhethe ulwimi olunye kwiilwimi yaye omnye ungayikhetha, uze ucacise indlela efanelekileyo lwebhodi yezitshixo kubo.
• ufakelo Umthombo - kweli nqanaba awukwazi ukutshintsha nto, ngoko iifayili ufakelo ziza kususwa kwinkqubo yenkampani.
• Software ukufaka - kweli nqanaba kufuneka ukhethe iphakheji ubuncinane, njengoko kufuneka ukuba babeke umncedisi ngaphandle desktop kunye imbonakalo-mfanekiso.
• indawo yokufaka - Kweli nqanaba khetha i hard drive kwi ezizobe ifakwe, ngokunjalo womshicileli.
• Izicwangciso Internet - apha kufuneka ukuba ufake idatha malunga udibaniso womsebenzisi womnatha.

Emva kokuba ukuqaliswa kwe-data kuya kufuneka ukuba ukudala iinkangeleko umsebenzisi kwaye ucacise lokugqitha Ingcambu. Emva kofakelo lugqityiwe ikhompyutha uya qala kwaye bathathe ukubaleka inkqubo entsha yokusebenza.

Ifaka CentOS server 7

Apha, intetho emfutshane malunga yokuba kubekho indlela umncedisi injongo jikelele isekelwe CentOS 7 kunye iseti amancinane izixhobo ezingundoqo ezifunekayo ukuze umsebenzi wayo ezixabisekileyo.

Ngoko ke, kufuneka uqale ukufumana iseva ngokwayo. Ungakhankanya noba ukuqesha le web (250 engange), okanye ubeke phezu umatshini wendawo. Inye kuphela into efunekayo - oku ssh data, eza kusetyenziswa xa ufaka igama elithile kwi umncedisi. Thabatha umzekelo lwezifundiswa idilesi root@centos.com email kunye lokugqitha igama lomsebenzisi kwakhona c centos.

Qala umi kakuhle ngoqwalaselo kwendalo lomsebenzisi kunye nokuhanjiswa kuwo onke awunazimvumelwano zakubhala:

• Faka umyalelo umsebenzisi useradd centos;
• Yenza igama elikhethekileyo kuba - centos passwd;
• Ibangela inkqubo ukuthumela ingcambu-imeyile kule umsebenzisi - vi / etc / lezibizo;
• Sinikeza umsebenzisi umyalelo (umgca wemiyalelo operation isiqinisekiso ivakala) ilungelo sudo visudo.

Okulandelayo, kufuneka ukhankanye igama impi. Kuyenzeka ukwenza iqela hostnamectl iseti-lenginginya server1.centos.net.

Emva kokuba kufuneka ukuba ukhubaze i-Firewall kunye SeLinux. Oku kufuneka kwenziwe ukuze ukukhanyela bazakhele bona Awunamalungelo akugqithisela kumncedisi. Firewall lingamnqumamisa umsebenzi usebenzisa iqela systemctl stop firewalld kwaye systemctl ukukhubaza firewalld. SeLinux imeko kancinane nzima ngakumbi: kufuneka ukuvula ahambelanayo yoqwalaselo lwefayile umhleli wokubhaliweyo Vi nge umyalelo vi / etc / selinux / yoqwalaselo, fumana apho SELINUX = umgca abanziweyo endaweni SELINUX = abakhubazekileyo. Emva koko kufuneka ukuqalisa le nkqubo.

Kucwangciso inyathelo elilandelayo kukumisela i SSH.

Ukuze wenze oku:

• Yongeza i izitshixo efanelekileyo ngasentla ssh-ikopi-id umyalelo root@centos.com.
• Tshintsha izibuko kwi yoqwalaselo lwefayile / etc / ssh / sshd_config kwi Port 222.
• Thintela esangweni umncedisi ngaphandle amalungelo Root ngokubhala PermitRootLogin umtya ngaphandle-password.
• Kwaye uqale iqela umncedisi systemctl ukuqalelisa sshd.

Kufuneka kwakhona ukuba uhlaziye yonke le nkqubo kwaye ufake yokugcina kunye epel rpmforge. Ukuze wenze oku:

• Hlaziya yonke inkqubo iziqalelo lohlaziyo umyalelo yum.
• Layisha inkqubo entsha amacandelo umyalelo yum -enablerepo = ukubuyekeza cr.
• Ukuba udweliso ekhoyo akwanelanga, unako download ezintsha iinguqulelo epel rpmforge kunye, kuba oku Nobaufaka umyalelo yum abuke ukufaka * idilesi yogcino ukuba igcina olifunayo lwesoftwe * (yogcino efanelekileyo kungaba lula afumaneka kwimithombo efanelekileyo).

Ukukhangela iinkonzo, Apache and PHP uqwalaselo

Ukuze ufake izakhi ezongezelelweyo kwisakhelo okhoyo umncedisi kuya kufuneka ukhethe ezinye iinkonzo kunye MTA-nkonzo.

Ukuze wenze oku:

• Qinisekisa ukuba le nkonzo sele isebenza, inkonzo -t umyalelo systemctl.
• Khubaza yonke okungeyomfuneko nokwala kubo kukubaleka, ezifana ukufaka iinkonzo zeposi kuya kufuneka ukuba ukhubaze postfix uyalela stop postfix systemctl kunye systemctl ukukhubaza postfix.

Emva koko kufuneka download Apache and PHP, eziyimfuneko ukuze eqhelekileyo yokusebenza kumncedisi wethu.

Ngoko ke, lo:

• Faka i yempahla ye Apache umyalelo yum abuke ukufaka httpd.
• Yenza utshintsho yoqwalaselo lwefayile (apho kufuneka ukhankanye idilesi yomncedisi, igama, utyikityo, njalo njalo).
• Qala i Apache babuye kwi autorun kumaqela osemqoka systemctl ukuqalisa httpd kwaye systemctl kwenza httpd.
• Emva koko ukongeza iqela PHP abuke i ukufaka i yum ? Filipi? Filipi-of mbstring? Filipi-kufuphi.
• Uqale iqela Apache systemctl ukuqalelisa httpd.

Ukufakela inkqubo I SQL yam yolawulo database

Phambi kokuba ufake I SQL yam on CentOS 7, kufuneka acacise ukuba ngokusebenzisa Restaurants ukulandwa inkqubo yolawulo elisezantsi khuphela uguqulelo enye yenkqubo ekuthiwa MariaDB, ngoko kwimeko CentOS kuya kufuneka ukuba uhambe ngendlela ojikelezayo.

Ukufakela MySQL kufuneka:

• Umxokozelo I SQL yam umxhasi ukusuka eluncedo esemthethweni wogcino usebenzisa imiyalelo wget * ilinki kwi SQL yam * iifayile client.
• Uyibeke njengomyalelo sudo rpm -ivh * igama elipheleleyo ifayile ngomzuzu kunye uhlobo loxwebhu lwe SQL yam * yaye sudo yum ukufaka mysql-server.
• Ngoko ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kabini, i uncedo, uhlobo Y.

Ifakela inkqubo yokuhlola Zabbix

Zabbix for ufakelo CentOS 7 kufuneka ufumane uguqulelo lwe umxhasi yakutshanje indawo esemthethweni umphuhlisi, uze uyifake kwi-nkqubo.

Ukuze wenze oku:

• Yongeza rpm Repository Uvh iqela * ikhonkco rpm-ifayile noguqulelo lomsebenzi lwangoku lwe Zabbix *.
• Vuselela uluhlu olukhoyo lwesoftwe uhlaziyo yum umyalelo.
• Emva koko faka Zabbix umxhasi umyalelo yum ukufaka zabbix-arhente.
• Emva kokuba iintsalela ukungqinisisa uguqulelo client (kufuneka wesithathu) baze baphendule ewe zonke izicelo abangena Y kwi layini yomyalelo.

Ukufaka Zimbra umncedisi weposi

Ngaphambi kokuba ufake Zimbra e CentOS 7, kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela le nkqubo.

Ngoko ke, kufuneka wenze oku kulandelayo:

• Kakuhle kumisa etc / wemikhosi, igama le fayile.
• Vumela ukuba iptables onke amazibuko Zimbra.
• Cima SeLinux.
• Khubaza yonke MTA-nkonzo.
• Ukuphucula indlela yokusebenza yum uhlaziye umyalelo abuke.
• Emva koko kufuneka ukukhuphela iiphakheji ezifanelekileyo zomyalelo yum ufake Perl Perl-core ntpl nmap sudo libidn gmp.
• Ngoko - kanye yesixhobo wget umyalelo Zimbra * ikhonkco kwifayile ngento eluncedo Zimbra uguqulelo lwangoku *.
• Iziphu ifayile tar umyalelo uye kulawulo efanelekileyo usebenzisa umyalelo cd.
• Emva koko kufuneka usebenzise umyalelo ufakelo ./install.sh -platform-obenziwe.