Isinxulumanisi inkcazelo I2C in Russian

Le zasendlini mihla, elektroniki mveliso kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zonxibelelwano inokufumaneka kaninzi izisombululo ezifanayo, kodwa imveliso ukuba phantse uqhagamshele omnye komnye. Umzekelo, phantse zonke nkqubo ibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• ezithile unit control "smart", apho kusilungele, kwiimeko ezininzi umele omnye njengekristale microcomputer;
• iiyunithi injongo jikelele ezifana njenge LCD buffer, RAM, I / O kumazibuko, EEPROM okanye converters data ezizodwa;
• amacandelo athile, kuquka uqwalaselo wesekethe lwedijithali kunye izimuncumuncu kuba imiyalezo yevidiyo nerediyo.

Indlela ukuba kusetyenziswe zabo?

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa isebenzayo kwezi izisombululo jikelele abathungi kuzuze kunye nabavelisi ngokwabo, kwakunye ukunyusa umgangatho iyonke komsebenzi izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye lula iindawo beesekethe esetyenzisiweyo, inkampani Philips wayila ucingo-ezimbini ibhasi elula kakhulu kumacala amabini esibonelela ulawulo mezhmikroskhemnoe kakhulu nemveliso. Le ibhasi inika ugqithiso lwedata isiya kwi-I2C interface.

Ukuze kuluhlu umhla kucacise umenzi iquka iCMOs ngaphezu kwama-150 kunye nezixhobo vuvabyi ukuba ziyahambelana I2C kwaye senzelwe yokuqhutywa komsebenzi kuyo nayiphi na kwezi ndidi wazibala. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nojongano I2C eqale yakhelwe zonke izixhobo ezihambelanayo, ngenxa angenza ngaphandle ubunzima ukunxibelelana nabanye usebenzisa ibhasi okhethekileyo. Esebenzisa isicelo sale sisombululo yoyilo kujike ukusombulula eziliqela iingxaki kokuhambelanisa isixhobo ezahlukahlukeneyo kakhulu uphawu eza kufikelelwa kuphuhliso lweenkqubo digital.

The main eziluncedo

Nokuba ujonge inkcazo emfutshane UART, SPI, I2C, ungenza ukubalaselisa iingenelo zilandelayo yokugqibela:

• Umsebenzi kufuneka imigca emibini kuphela - ungqamaniso kunye data. Nasiphi na isixhobo ukuba oludityaniswe ibhasi, unako kamva iqwalaselwe yi-software ngokupheleleyo idilesi ezizodwa. Nangaliphi na ixesha, kukho ubudlelwane elula, evumela umsebenzi ophambili njengoko inkosi-master samaza okanye receiver.
• Le ibhasi inika ukukwazi ukuba wemikhosi ezininzi, ukubonelela zonke izixhobo eziyimfuneko Ubhaqo yokungqubana kunye nolamlo, inceda ukuthintela urhwaphilizo data kwi apho ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu phezulu uqalisa ngaxeshanye nokudlulisela ulwazi. Kwimo standard inikeza kuphela ezilandelelanayo bit ezisibhozo-ugqithiselo data ngesantya ongekho ngaphezulu kwe-100 kbit / s, kwaye ikwimowudi nkqi, zisembundwini ukuze banda izihlandlo ezine.
• Engenelela basebenzisa esikhethekileyo eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi lokucoca ukuba ngempumelelo ofihla zakhe zokutyhomfa kwaye iqinisekisa ubuninzi iinkcukacha.
• Eli nani liphezulu kangangoko yeetshipsi ezinokuthi zingadityaniswa kwi ibhasi umntu umda kuphela wayo iyohluleka kunokwenzeka ka 400 PF.

Izinto eziluncedo ze nabaqambi

I2C interface, kwakunye nazo zonke chips zomyalezo kakhulu ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yophuhliso, ukususela wesekethe ezisebenzayo kwi prototype yayo yokugqibela. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngenxa amathuba chips ezinjalo ukuxhuma ngqo ibhasi ngaphandle besebenzisa zonke iintlobo busebenze ezongezelelweyo inikezelwa igumbi ukuze ziphuculwe ngakumbi ukuguqula kancinane inkqubo prototype ngokuthi zokuqhawula connecting izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ukusuka ebhasini.

Zininzi iingenelo ezimisa esibonakalayo I2C. Le nkcazelo, ingakumbi, kukuvumela ukuba ubone iingenelo zilandelayo designer:

• Iibhloko mzobo ezisebenzayo zivumelana ngokupheleleyo iitshiphusi, yaye ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa utshintsho ngokwaneleyo ekhawulezileyo ukusuka mgaqo ezisebenzayo.
• Akukho mfuneko ukuphuhlisa iinjongano ibhasi, kuba waseTire ekuqaleni kuhlanganiswe chip ekhethekileyo.
• zonxibelelwano olumanyanisiweyo kunye nokulungisa iprotocol kwezixhobo kuvumela le nkqubo ukuba software ngokupheleleyo ichaziwe.
• Iintlobo ezifanayo yeetshipsi ingasetyenziswa xa kuyimfuneko kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo.
• Ixesha Uphuhliso lilonke lifinyele kakhulu ngenxa yokuba abathungi nga kakhulu ngokukhawuleza uziqhelanise kwiibloko umsebenzi kakhulu asetyenziswa rhoqo, kwakunye nazo zonke iintlobo neetshiphusi.
• Ukuba oyifunayo, ungadibanisa okanye ukususa chips kwinkqubo, kwaye loo nto kuba nempembelelo enkulu kwezinye izixhobo odityaniswe kwaloo bhasi inye.
• Ixesha Uphuhliso software lilonke ukuba kakhulu yancitshiswa ngenxa yokuba kukho into uvumelekile ukusebenzisa ilayibrari ye iimodyuli software esebenza.

Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukuphawula inkqubo elula kakhulu diagnostic ukuba naziphi na ukungaphumeleli kunye lwenye ngakumbi, nto leyo elilujongano I2C ezahlukeneyo. Inkcazelo uthi xa kuyimfuneko, ungenza ngaphandle kobunzima ukulandelela ngoko nangoko nokuba ezinxaxhileyo engephi ngokusebenza izixhobo kunye, ngenxa yoko, uthabathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo. Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele kukuba abayili babonelele izisombululo ezizodwa, leyo, ngokukodwa, kakhulu ubenomtsalane ezahlukeneyo izixhobo eziphathekayo kunye neenkqubo ezibonelela ibhetri-amandla, esebenzisa interface I2C. e Russian Le ncazelo ibonisa ukuba isicelo yayo ivumela iingenelo ilandelayo ibalulekileyo:

• ukumelana sezingeni eliphezulu na ukuphazamiseka kwenzeka.
• power Extremely eliphantsi.
• Wide uluhlu supply ombane.
• Uluhlu lobushushu olubanzi.

Iinzuzo for noochwephetsha

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba nje kuphela abayili, kodwa obu bugcisa idla kakhulu kutshanje ndaqalisa ukusebenzisa ujongano I2C elizinikeleyo. nencazelo Russian ibonisa uluhlu olubanzi ngokufanelekileyo ezilungileyo, ezo zibonelelwa kule didi yeengcali:

• Standard wire-ezimbini ibhasi serial nomanyaniso kunceda ukuze kuncitshiswe uqhagamshelwano phakathi iitshiphusi, oko kukuthi, abawusondezayo qha ngaphantsi yaye ifuna isiporo ezimbalwa, ukwenza iibhodi beesekethe zokushicelela azikwazi nje imali eninzi kwaye abe nobukhulu elincinci kakhulu.
• oluhlangeneyo LCD1602 I2C yekhompyutha okanye ezinye ukhetho ngokupheleleyo ishenxisa imfuneko yokusebenzisa idilesi idikhowuda, kwakunye enye ingcinga ngaphandle nzulu.
• Inika ubuchule bokusebenzisa ngaxeshanye eziliqela ezikhokelela angene ebhasini, leyo ibalekisa kakhulu uvavanyo kunye hlengiso kwe izixhobo, ekubeni ibhasi nga kuqhagamshelaniswa umgca kwindibano computer.
• Ukufumaneka njengengangquzulaniyo naloo chips ujongano VSO, SO ezizodwa dil-package unga nciphisa ngokubaluleka iimfuno kubungakanani ifowuni.

Kuyinto uluhlu elifutshane kuphela ngeenzuzo ukuba ezahlukeneyo I2C interface LCD1602 kunye nabanye. Kwakhona chips zomyalezo ngokubonakalayo ukwandisa nezimo we nkqubo ingasetyenziswa ukunikeza i zokwakha elula kakhulu ezahlukeneyo iinketho zokusebenza, kwakunye nokuphuculwa lula inkxaso engaphezulu kumphakamo wangoku zophuhliso. Ngenxa yoko, kusenokwenzeka ukuba yonke intsapho izixhobo ezahlukeneyo, kusetyenziswa njengesiseko indlela ethile kwisiseko.

yotshintsho ngakumbi izixhobo kunye nokwandiswa imisebenzi yayo mazenziwe kusetyenziswa uqhagamshelwano eqhelekileyo ukuba ibhasi ehambelana nendawo chip usebenzisa i 2C nojongano Arduino okanye nayiphi na enye ye-inventri ekhoyo. Ukuba kufuneka ufumane ROM enkulu, kukowuphi umzekelo apho uya kwanela nje ukuba ukhethe enye microcontroller ukuba imali olongeziweyo ROM. Ekubeni chip ezihlaziyiweyo xa kuyimfuneko ukwazi endaweni ngokupheleleyo abo ubudala, ungakwazi kalula iimpawu ezintsha izixhobo okanye ukunyusa ukusebenza kwalo okupheleleyo yi ukhupha eqhelekileyo chips sele lixesha kunye zokubatshintsha ngabanye izixhobo entsha.

ACCESS.bus

Ngenxa yokuba iso- unalo ucingo-ezimbini uhlobo, kwaye ukukwazi kwiprogram ukujongana ACCESS.bus ngenxa enye kumaqonga kakhulu oyinto kanye interface I2C. Elidityanisiweyo (inkcazo in Russian inikwa kwinqaku), esi sixhobo yenza kube ngoku uhambelwano sitshiphu ngenkuthalo ngaphambili interface RS-232C loqhakamshelwano peripherals ezahlukahlukeneyo iikhompyutha usebenzisa umgangatho usebenzisa i-isinxibelelanisi ezine.

Intshayelelo imigaqo

Kuba izicelo advanced ulawulo-8-bit, ezisebenzisa microcontrollers, ubonelela ukukwazi ukufaka imimiselo design ezininzi:

• inkqubo ngokupheleleyo kwiimeko nenzuzo luquka microcontroller kunye nezinye peripherals, kuquka inkumbulo kunye namazibuko ezahlukeneyo igalelo / imveliso;
• iindleko zizonke lokudibanisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kufuneka kakhulu kuncitshiswe ngaphakathi kwinkqubo eyodwa;
• inkqubo ukuba siphathiswe nemisebenzi yolawulo, ayiboneleli ukuba imfuneko ukubonelela ukudluliselwa data ngesantya esiphezulu;
• ukusebenza kakuhle kuxhomekeke ngqo ngezinto zokusebenza, kwakunye nohlobo ibhasi kokuxhuma.

Ukuphuhlisa inkqubo, ukuthobela ngokupheleleyo kule milinganiselo elapha ngasentla, kufuneka usebenzise ibhasi apho I2C elilujongano yezibuko kusetyenziswa. Nangona isibakala sokuba kukho yesiriyeli ibhasi bandwidth ngaxeshanye, kufuna uqhagamshelo ezimbalwa kunye neetships zoqhagamshelwano ngaphantsi. Asimele silibale ukuba isondo kuquka kuphela iingcingo kokuxhuma, kodwa iindidi yeefomati kunye neenkqubo eziyimfuneko ukuze ukuqinisekisa unxibelelwano phakathi kwinkqubo.

Isixhobo for kunxibelelwano esebenzisa i software ulinganiselo I2C interface okanye ivili kufuneka ube protocol ethile evumela ezinokwenzeka ezahlukeneyo preempt yokungqubana, ilahleko okanye ulwazi uvimba. Ngamayelenqe ukuzila kufuneka bakwazi ukuqhagamshelana icotha, kwaye ngexesha elinye inkqubo kufuneka akuxhomekekanga izixhobo ezidityanisiweyo, njengokuba awukwazi kusetyenziswa ngenye indlela onke phuculo nokulungalungiswa. Kuyimfuneko kwakhona ukuphuhlisa nenkqubo enokuthi ihambe ngayo kanye ukufaka, isixhobo ethile ngoku ubonelela ulawulo ibhasi kwaye ngeliphi ixesha. Ukongeza, ukuba izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ukuba sokuquqa clock ezahlukeneyo, udityanisiwe kwaloo bhasi inye, kuyimfuneko ukumisela umthombo ukuvumelana yayo. Zonke ezi nqobo esihambelanayo interface I2C for AVR kunye nayiphi na kule luhlu.

Le ngcamango

I2C ibhasi Ungalixhasa naliphi na iteknoloji chip kusetyenziswa. Interface I2C LabVIEW kunye ezifanayo oko kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa imigca emibini ukuze idlulise ulwazi - kunye Ungqamaniso data. Nasiphi na isixhobo elidityaniswe ngaloo ibhaqe ngenxa idilesi ekhethekileyo, akukhathaliseki nokuba yinto njengesikhuseli LCD, lo microcontroller, inkumbulo okanye ujongano keyboard, yaye ngaloo ndlela unako ukusebenza njengoko samaza okanye receiver, kuxhomekeke injongo apho ngokukhethekileyo le sixhobo senzelwe.

Kwiimeko nenzuzo LCD buffer yi akwamkele eqhelekileyo, nokulibala kufumana nje kuphela kodwa nokudlulisela data ezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, inkqubo ihamba izixhobo ulwazi kuchazwa khoboka kunye inkosi.

Kulo mzekelo, ifowuni ngokuba inkosi leyo abakhwetha ugqithiso lwedata kunye nemiqondiso ukuvumelanisa kwabafundi. Kulo mzekelo, naziphi na izixhobo iyaziseka ziya kuqwalaselwa ngokunxulumene amakhoboka akhe.

interface unxibelelwano I2C ubonelela eziliqela ekhokelayo, okt, ngaphezu kwesinye isixhobo okwaziyo ukulawula ibhasi uyakwazi ukudibanisa kuwo. Ukukwazi ukusebenzisa microcontroller ngaphezu kwesinye ukuya ivili ibonisa ukuba host ngaphezu kwenye ukuthumela nangaliphi na ixesha. Ukuphelisa isiphithiphithi enokubakho umngcipheko kwenzeka xa kuvela imeko enjalo, sisungule inkqubo yolamlo ezizodwa, esebenzisa elilujongano I2C. Wegazi kunye nezinye izixhobo nokubonelela uqhagamshelwano kwezixhobo ukuya ibhasi kwi ekuthiwa ulawulo wendibano I.

Isizukulwana uphawu ixesha unomsebenzi inkosi, yaye ngamnye yakha uphawu yayo ngexesha ugqithiso lwedata, kwaye phambili oko ungatshintsha kuphela xa kuthe ukuba "encothula" ikhoboka kade okanye enye inkosi xa kukho ingozi.

Useto gabalala

Njengoko SCL, SDA kwaye imigca eya kumacala amabini abaqhagamshelwe umthombo wamandla omhle ngokusebenzisa pullup resistor. Xa wamavili free ngokupheleleyo, umgca ngamnye endaweni ephakamileyo. Izigaba Imveliso kwezixhobo ukuba udityanisiwe kwi ibhasi kufuneka idreyini evulekileyo okanye uze kukoleka evulekileyo ezinokuthi ukunika imisebenzi Information ufakelo I. nge I2C nojongano zinokusasazwa ngesantya engekho ngaphezulu kwe-400 kbit / s kwi kwimo Fast, lo gama i isantya standard ngaphantsi kwe 100 kbit / s. Inani lilonke izixhobo ezinokuthi ngaxeshanye uqhagamshelwe ibhasi, kuxhomekeke kuphela enye parameter. Esi sisakhono esibalulekileyo umgca ayikho ngaphezulu kwe 400 PF.

isiqinisekiso

Yokuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo mandatory kwi udlulisela le data. Lead ivelisa liyahambisana ungqamaniso ukubetha, ngoxa samaza ukhupha umgca SDA i ngexesha wotshi njengesiqinisekiso. Emva koko, lo umamkeli kufuneka aqinisekise ezizinzileyo umgca yokugcina SDA ukuba urhulumente eliphezulu clock stably sikarhulumente eliphantsi. Kulo mzekelo, kufuneka ukuba isicwangciso ingqalelo uze ubambe.

Kwiimeko ezininzi ngumamkeli kusilungele, nazo kufuneka nakanjani lungenisa ukuvuma emva byte nganye efunyenweyo, kwaye ngaphandle kuphela apha zezo iimeko apho ekuqaleni yokuthumela kubandakanya idilesi CBUS kuphela.

Ukuba ufumana khoboka akwenzeki ukuthumela isiqinisekiso kwidilesi yalo, kuyimfuneko ukuba ushiye umgca data kwindawo karhulumente ophezulu, kwaye ke umququzeleli umqondiso ithuba yokukhupha "yokumisa", nto leyo eya ukuphazamisa uthumelo zonke iinkcukacha. Ukuba idilesi iqinisekisiwe, kodwa ayikwazi ukuba siqhutywe ixesha elide elide ukwamkela naziphi na iinkcukacha ezikhokelela kufuneka uphazanyiswe ngokuthumela. Ukuze benze oku, eli khoboka ongawamisiyo wafumana byte elilandelayo kwaye ushiya nje umgca data EZIPHAKAMILEYO, ukuze inkosi ivelisa umqondiso "Stop".

Ukuba inkqubo ukudlulisela, ukubonelela inkosi-receiver, kulo mzekelo, kufuneka lazise ekupheleni ugqithiso khoboka kwenziwa, kwaye akukho kuqinisekiswa yi-byte lokugqibela zafumana. Kulo mzekelo, sixhobo ikhoboka nangoko kukhupha umgca data ukuba akhokele inokuvelisa umqondiso "Misa" okanye ukuphinda umqondiso kwakhona i "Qala".

Ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwe-hardware, ungazama ukungena kwiimpawu eziqhelekileyo zemifanekiso ye-interface ye-I2C kwi-Arduino, njengesithombeni esingentla.

Ukubambisana

Umncedisi angaqala ukuthumela ulwazi kuphela emva kokuba ibhasi ikhululiwe ngokupheleleyo, kodwa abaqhubi ababini okanye ngaphezulu bangavelisa uphawu lokuqala ngexesha lokugcina ubuncinci. Ekugqibeleni oku kukhokelela kwisibonakalisi esithi "Qala" kwibhasi.

Umsebenzi wokubambisana uqhutyelwa kwibhasi ye-SDA ngexesha i-SCL ibhasi ephezulu. Ukuba omnye wenkosi uqala ukuthumela iqondo eliphantsi kumgca wolwazi, kodwa elinye liphakamileyo, le nto iyakunqumla ngokupheleleyo kuyo, kuba imeko ye-SDL ayihambelani nomgangatho ophezulu wangaphakathi.

Ukubambisana kungagcinwa kwiibhakethi eziliqela. Ngenxa yokutshintshwa kweedilesi yokuqala, kwaye ke idata, ukuxabana kunokuba nexesha ngaphambi kokuphela kwedilesi, kwaye ukuba isisombululo esifanayo sibhekiswe yintloko, ngoko ku-arbitration iya kuthatha inxaxheba kunye nedatha eyahlukileyo. Ngenxa yolu cwangciso lokubambisana, ukuba kukho nantlukwano eyenzekayo, idatha ayiyi kulahleka.

Ukuba umphathi ulahlekelwa ngumlamlo, ngoko-ke unokukhupha iimpompo zokuvumelanisa kwi-SCL ekupheleni kwe-byte, ngexesha lokungena kuyo lahleka.