Intshayelelo yintoni? Ukuqaliswa kwezilwanyana kunye nezityalo. Isingeniso kumculo

Kukho imigaqo esetyenziswa kwimimiselo emibini okanye eyahlukeneyo yomsebenzi wabantu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, zinokuchazwa okufanayo, umahluko ngokwawo kuphela. Kodwa zikhona ezo zidibaniso zimbini nje, kwaye enye yazo "isingeniso". Eli gama liqhele kakhulu kwii-biologists kunye nezilwanyana zezilwanyana, kwaye kaninzi lubonakala kumculo. Ewe, masitshintshe ezimbini kwiinguqulelo zakhe.

Iyintoni isingeniso kwi-biology?

Kuyafaneleka ukuqala ngezesayensi, kuba kule shishini eli gama lisebenza rhoqo. Ngaphezu koko, akuvakala nje kuphela kwiingcali zenzululwazi, kodwa nakwabantwana besikolo, kunye nabafundi, njengoko kunentsingiselo elula kwaye ithathwa njengento eqhelekileyo yendalo.

Ukusuka kwimbono yezinto eziphilayo, ukuqaliswa kukuhlaliswa kweentlobo ezithile zezilwanyana okanye izityalo kwenye indawo esayihlala kuyo ngaphambili. Le nkqubo inokulungiswa ngokukhethekileyo okanye kwenzeke ngengozi. Ngamanye amagama, isingeniso yinkqubo yokuzisa izilwanyana ezingaphandle, ezingenanto ngaphakathi kwizinto eziphilayo.

U lungiso

Emva kokuba iintlobo ezitsha zivela kwintsimi entsha, ihamba kwinkqubo yokungqinelana. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuba isityalo okanye isilwanyana ukuba sijwayele indawo entsha, yamukele i-ecosystem, isimo sezulu, umhlaba, umoya, njl. Kukho iintlobo ezingakhange ziqaphele utshintsho olunjalo kwaye aluyi kuphazamiseka (umzekelo, iindiza). Kodwa ezinye izinto eziphilayo azihlali zilungelelaniswa kakuhle, ezinye zazo ziyafa kwiimeko ezintsha. Ngokuqhelekileyo iintlobo ezizalisweyo zidibanisa ukhenketho lweenguqu zezinto eziphilayo kwizinto ezintsha zendalo. Ngenxa yabo, uhlobo oluthile lwezilwanyana zasekhaya okanye izityalo zitshintsha okanye ziyafa ngokupheleleyo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kuqwalaselwa ukuba uvavanyo luphela ekungcoleni kwezinto eziphilayo.

Ukwethulwa kwezityalo

Lo mkhuba uye waqhutyelwa ngabantu ngamawaka amaninzi, kwaye akunakutsholwa ukuba uye waphumelela okanye wanyulwa. Kuya kuba nokuchanekileyo ngakumbi ukuba uqaphele ukuba umphumo apha ngu-50/50, oko kukuthi, into yonke incike kwisityalo ngokwawo, kwakunye nakwiimeko apho kuya kufuneka zihambe khona. Aminyaka eminyaka-ubudala afundise uluntu ngamanye amaqhinga kulo mzekelo. Okokuqala, awukwazi ukutshintsha ngokusisiseko imeko zokuphila zesityalo, oko kukuthi, awukwazi ukutshintshela umthi wesundu ukusuka emaqhingqeni ukuya kwi-tundra. Kuhlobo oluthile lokutshintshwa, izimo ezininzi ezifanayo zifunekayo - imozulu, umhlaba, inani lemvula. Kwaye isibini isiphetho apho abantu beza khona ukwahlula kule nkqubo zibe zimbini iintlobo: ezilula kwaye ezinzima.

Indlela yoTywala elula

Igama lizithetha. Ukwethulwa okulula kwezityalo kukutshintshwa kwalabo abangenayo nayiphi na ingenelelo ye-biological okanye yamachiza kwindawo entsha. Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokuphumeza le nkqubo. Eyokuqala kukuba uvavanyo lokuqala luqhutyelwa, iziphumo zalo zifunyenwe kwaye kuphela ke iintlobo ezifunekayo zeentlanzi zifuduswa. Indlela yesibini - i-batch encinci yohlobo oluthile lwezityalo ludityaniswe, ukuphendulwa kwalo kufundiswa, kwaye ukuba ngaba kuphela bakhayo, inkqubo igqityiwe.

Isityalo sokutshintshwa kwezityalo

Kule meko, uphuhliso lwezinto eziphilayo kunye nokuhlolwa kweekhemikhali kuyaqhubeka. Isingeniso esiyinkimbinkimbi kukuba ukuzaliswa kwemveliso emitsha yezityalo eziza kuhambelana nommandla omtsha. Kwinqanaba elincinane labameli belo kulutsha olutsha, izilwanyana zendalo zivame ukwakhiwa, apho isimo sezulu, umhlaba, ukunkcenkceshela kunye nezinye iimeko zokuhlala zenziwe, njengokuba ziya kuba kwindawo entsha. Kule meko, uhlanga olutsha luye lwajwayele, emva koko luyakuthunyelwa kwenye indawo, okanye luya kutshintshwa utshintsho oluthile.

Ncinane uncedo

Ngendlela, umzekelo obalaseleyo wokusungulwa kwezityalo iifatates kunye nengqolowa. Ezi nkcubeko zanyuswa ukusuka eMelika ukuya eYurophu. Ngenxa yokuba izityalo zazingenakuthobeka, azizange zithintele kuphela kwi-hemisphere entsha, kodwa iyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa neendawo ezahlukeneyo ze-climatic: i-temperate, i-subtropical kunye ne-tropical.

Ukuqaliswa kwezilwanyana

Le ngxaki ithathwa njengento eqhelekileyo kuneyokudlulileyo, kodwa yonke into yokuba izilwanyana, ezinqabileyo, zinokuhamba. Ngokuqinisekileyo, akunakwenzeka ukuba nabani na baya kukwazi ukuwela i-Atlantic Ocean, kodwa xa ufika emkhombeni, kuba ngokoqobo. Kwakuboniswa kwiinqanawa zasendulo emhlabeni jikelele ukuba amagundane asasazeka. Abantu bambalwa kakhulu bayazi ukuba ilizwe labo baseAsia. Kwakuba emva kwemikhosi yokuba ezi zilwanyana, kunye neendlovu, zinyuka kwiinqanawa zaya kwindlu entsha-eYurophu. Kwaye sele sele ivela khona, kunye nabafumanisi, kwiinqanawa ezifanayo zafudukela eMelika.

Ukuba ukuqaliswa kwezilwanyana kwenziwa ngokuzithandela, ngoko intetho inokwenzeka malunga nemfuyo. Ukuzaliswa kwamanzi - i-Highlanders, kwaye abemi beentlambo baqalisa ukuzaliswa kweenkomo kumava abo.

Kwintsimi yobugcisa

Isingeniso kumculo ngandlela-thile isingeniso esikhulu nesigqibeleleyo. Yenziwa njengenxalenye emfutshane yomsebenzi omkhulu wefom edibeneyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo eli nqanaba lenkcazo linegama elizimelayo, kwaye mhlawumbi liyakwenziwa ngokuzimela. Isingeniso singabizwa ngokuthi i-opera kwi-opera okanye kwindawo yokuqala, elandela emva kokukhawuleza.

Ubukhulu kunye nomlo walo msebenzi omncinci awunayo imida ecacileyo kunye neemfuno. Kubalulekile kuphela ukuba ulungelelanise umphulaphuli kwimiva kunye nokuziphatha okuza kwenziwa kuyo.

Imizekelo yomculo

Kukho imisebenzi enjalo apho igama elithi "isingeniso" lihanjiswa ngaphambili. Oku kwenziwayo xa isingeniso sibaluleke kakhulu ekugqibeleni umsebenzi, kuyinto enhle kakhulu kwaye ilungisa umbukeli kwisimo esifanelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, cinga umsebenzi wePablo de Sarasate "Intshayelelo kunye neTarantella".

Icandelo lokuqala lizolile, lilinde kwaye lidibelele, kodwa libonisa ukulinganisa komsebenzi kunye nomoya wayo. Inxalenye yesibini ngumdaniso ngokwawo. I-Tarantella isoloko inamandla, ngokukhawuleza kwaye isisigqi. Imizekelo efanayo ifumaneka kumsebenzi kaFrederic Chopin - "Isingeniso kunye neengqiqo ezintle", eCamille Saint-Saens - "Intshayelelo kunye ne-rondo capriccioso", kunye nabanye abaninzi abaqambi.