Into eyenzeka kweli bali: "Indlela eKalvari", A. N. Tolstoy. Umxholo bomsebenzi, abona bantu

"I-Road to eKalvari" - trilogy yombhali odumileyo Russian kwaye Soviet Alekseya Tolstogo. Oku ke kubizwa ngokuba iqulathe iincwadi ezintathu: "Oodade" (1921-1922 gg.), "Ngonyaka weshumi elinesibhozo" (1927-1928 gg.) Yaye "Morning obukhulu" (1940-1941 gg.). Babonakalisa bayahlelwa koongqondo Russian, leyo kwafuneka banyamezele uvavanyo olunzima kakhulu ngexesha revolution 1917. Tolstoy "Indlela eKalvari" wabhala iminyaka engamashumi amabini, kwaye ngeli xesha wakwazi ziphinde kwaye uhlaziye izimvo zabo kunye nobomi babo. Kulo mbuzo, owu, indlela ekunzima ngayo singayithembi omnye okanye enye rhoqo liwuthuthumbisa umphefumlo wakhe.

"Indlela eKalvari": encwadini yobomi kunye zokwazisela

Xa i-Emphaya Russian kokuwa, apho umbhali wayemthanda kangaka, bathutha kwamanye amazwe, ngoko emva kwakhona. UTolstoy wayengekho waqiniseka ukuba urhulumente omtsha uya kuba nako ukutshintsha ubomi yelizwe ukuba ngcono. "I-Road to eKalvari" - incwadi ebonisa zonke okuwisa kunye amathandabuzo athe waziva eminyaka, kanti ekugqibeleni bafika kwisigqibo sokuba abantu Russian noko wenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo, ukuxhasa ake ebebathiya kwiBolsheviks.

Incwadi 'i-Road to eKalvari, "umbhali bayizisa ibhaso Stalin ngowe-1943. Ubungakanani nto ke 100 lamawaka engange. Yaba imali enkulu kakhulu, nto leyo Tolstoy ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, ngoko nangoko wathumela kuMkhosi Fund, kwaye itanki "esibi" yakhiwe.

Into eyenzeka kweli bali: "Indlela eKalvari"

Incwadi yokuqala kuthiwa "Oodade", yaye ichaza indlela, njengoko intombazana eselula nangqalileyo Bulavina Darya Dmitrievna ekuqaleni kuka-1914 ifika eSt Petersburg ukusuka Samara ukufunda ukuba izifundo zomthetho. Kulo ubomi sixeko kunye nodade wabo Catherine D. kunye nomyeni wakhe - negqwetha elaziwayo Smokovnikovym UNikolai Ivanovich. usapho lwabo ubomi bohemian, yaye ngoko kwikhaya labo basoloko iindwendwe, phakathi eziqhutywa iintetho phambili ngobuchule ukufa kunye revolution yolawulo lwentando yesininzi. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho imbongi Bessonov Aleksey Alekseevich. Kwimibongo yakhe ubhala athi Russia - lo nenkqo; nabo abhale umbongo, uya esihogweni. Ngokubanzi, kule negeza ukhohlakeleyo iwela benendelelo yaye nyulu Darya Dmitrievna. Lakhe yaye ubengazi ukuba dade wakhe amthandayo Katya iye yatshintsha kunye naye nomyeni wakhe sweet entle natured.

ungcatsho-mbuso

I inoveli "Indlela eKalvari" waqhubeka ukuba UNikolai Ivanovich waqalisa ukucacisa malunga ukungcatshwa umfazi wakhe, wada waxelela lo Dasha, kodwa Katya ngokukhawuleza kakhulu waqiniseka ukuba oku ezingento. Kodwa Dasha kunjalo bagubhe inyaniso Bessonova uze vehemence yakhe yesiqhelo kunye ngqo yenza Katya bazivuma kumyeni wayo uze ucele kuye uxolo. Ngenxa yoko, esi sibini abakushiyayo UNikolai - kwi eCrimea, Kate - France.

Kwangaxeshanye, ngomhla Vasilyevsky Island Ivan Ilyich Telegin - Usonjineli endilisekileyo nobubele - ukulahlekelwa yinxalenye egumbini lakhe abantu abatsha bezinye iintlanga abadla ubambe ekhaya "lwekamva" iqela. Kwaye ngenye yezi Ngeengokuhlwa, enkosi nomhlobo wakhe, uza Dasha. Yonke into ntoni, akazange aqonde, kodwa yena wayethanda injineli oselula Telegin.

uthando

"I-Road to eKalvari," umbhali uyaqhubeka ukuba ihlobo Dasha waya Samara ukuya kutyelela uyise - Bulavina Dmitriya Stepanovicha - yaye zonke ngequbuliso kwi isikhephe idibana kanye yenjineli Ivana Ilicha, owayesele ugxothiwe ngenxa uqhankqalazo abasebenzi ngayo kwisityalo. Bethetha nice kwaye kakhulu novelwano omnye komnye.

Dasha, Found ngaphandle uyise, njengoko aye eluqeqeshweni lwakhe ukuya eCrimea, ukuthetha nomyeni Katya kaThixo, siya kuzileleza ukuba ukubalelana kunye nomfazi wakhe. Xa eCrimea, naye ndabona walahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo iingcamango zakhe Bessonova, kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukuba eze kuthi ndlela-ntle Telegin, wayeza ukuya phambili, emva yeHlabathi Okokuqala, waza wagqiba namhlanje ukuvuma Darya Dmitrievna eluthandweni.

Emva kwethuba ngaphambili iyafa ngempazamo Bessonov, kuba isiphelo intlungu yakhe zemibongo. Trilogy ngakumbi abalise ukuba xa Katya evela eFransi ukuya eMoscow Smokovnikov makaxolelaniswe naye.

Roshchin

Ngoku, xa ngeenxa zonke kukho imfazwe, lo dade waqalisa ukusebenza kwisibhedlele yasemkhosini. Ngenye imini UNikolai Petrovich kukhokelela endlwini kwi-capital ukuba izixhobo White Guard Captain Vadim Petrovich Roshchin. Yena phantse nangoko owayo uthandana n Dmitrievna yaye kungekudala uthi uthando lwakhe, kodwa akamkeli ngokufanayo.

Tolstoy "Indlela eKalvari" uqhubeka yokuba omnye udade bafunde zamaphephandaba babo Ensign Telegin ulahlekile. Dasha wawela lithemba, kodwa yena Tamare kodwa ugqibe ukuba wasiwa elibanjwa uze izihlandlo eziliqela ukuphuma kwinkampu yoxinaniso, oko phantse Ayinaxesha shot. Kodwa ummangaliso kusindiswa ngaye, yaye wenza ngokukhuselekileyo eMoscow.

Intlanganiso elide-ilindelwe kunye Dasha yaba siphila ixesha elifutshane, yaye Ivan Ilyich lwaphaphatheka, njengoko kuchaziwe kwi-mveliso aseBalti e Petrograd. Apha endleleni uba random wabona yelenqe awasuse kulo umzimba Neva obulewe Grishka Rasputin.

Ngaloo ndlela yaqala phambi Telegina Februwari revolution. Telegin waya eMoscow for Dasha aze ukuba Petrograd.

zaqalwa

Umyeni Kathy uye wakhonza Commissioner of the Provisional kaRhulumente ngehlombe waya eMoscow, apho kwabulawa amajoni imbuka.

Ngu Vadim Roshchin umhlolokazi uza kumthuthuzela. Yena sele akakwazi ukuba benze ntoni, okanye umkhosi Russian, akukho ngaphambili kwakhona. Lowo uthetha naseRussia njengohlobo ngumgquba kulinywe, kwaye ngoku yonke into abaza kudalwa ngokutsha, kwaye urhulumente kunye nomkhosi, yaye emva kwenye umphefumlo ukugubungela ebantwini.

Ngokuhlwa ehlotyeni ka-1917, Vadim kunye Kate Sahamba ecaleni Ilungiselelo in Petrograd. Apha wagqiba avume eluthandweni Kate. Ngeli xesha badlula Pomakazi owayesakuba webhaleyi odumileyo, leyo wagcinwa kwekomkhulu iiBolsheviks, abo babelungiselela ukumbamba amandla. Utsho iphela inxalenye yokuqala inoveli.

revolution

Summary ( "Usizi") uqhubeka athi kule ncwadi yesibini othi "The ngumnyaka weshumi elinesibhozo." Icacisa ngendlela Kwakunzima, elambile nengqele iye ngexesha elifutshane St. Petersburg, uhlala kuyo iba kwintlungu ngokwenene. Dasha, amazibulo okhulelweyo, uhlaselwa abaphangi, ntshikilelo ebangela ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha, lithe inkwenkwe ofayo ngomhla wesithathu. Dasha ayikwazanga kwakhona ukusuka yeshwangusha lakhe, Ivan Ilych uyaqonda ukuba uhleli ekhaya akuseyomfuneko amandla okanye umnqweno, ngoko waya kukhonza kwi Red Army.

Roshchin ngeli xesha e Moscow, ukuba iqokobhe-wothuka emva kokuba ukungqubana kwemihla Oktobha kunye nabavukeli. Ndikunye Kate, benza isigqibo aye kuyise wayo e Samara, apho alinde phandle i-revolution. Baqiniseka ukuba ngamandla iiBolsheviks ukuya emthonjeni akuyi kuhlala. Emva koko Roshchin Katya wathumela Rostov, nto leyo eye kwasekwa umkhosi ntliziyo amhlophe, kodwa ukuba andinalo ixesha ukufumana khona (i kwecala wafumana ingxaki entsha yaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba ashiye isixeko).

Makhno

Fish ngamanzi ngeli xesha navakalelwa Roshchin. "Indlela eKalvari" ngakumbi abalise leyo isemhlabeni yembono phakathi Vadim kunye Kate ingxabano khona. Lowo ushiya ukubamba up kunye namavolontiya, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ungena Olubomvu Guard inxalenye kuye ukuya imigca edabini kaFosbury phezu aye kowabo, ukuba ekugqibeleni. igosa nesibindi akakaneli kunye naye, yena uqala ukubandezeleka kunene ngenxa zahlukane Katya.

Catherine D., ehlala e Rostov, kungekudala ufumana iindaba lobuxoki ukufa Vadim kwaye ngoku kunyanzeleke ukuba aye amaqashiso. Kodwa endleleni eya uloliwe ukuhlasela Makhno. Xa Makhnovists ekuthinjweni adibana owayesakuba owayamileyo Roshchina - Krasilnikova Alekseya, eqala ukuba anyamekele zakhe.

Vadim, ngokukhawuleza wafumana rush leeholide Katya e Rostov, kodwa ufumana yakhe. Kwisikhululo, yena ngempazamo edibana Telegin, lowo afihlakeleyo igosa White Guard. Vadim ayithethi extradite kwakhe, kuba ngawo wambulela ngokuzolileyo ngephanyazo shwaka.

Dasha

Kwangaxeshanye, uDaria D. uhlala e St. Petersburg, apho ebomvu Lenin Sakha isizwe a abasebenzi abatsha kunye nabalimi '. Xa ke umhlobo wabo omdala Kulichek - igosa Denikin kaThixo, zabashumayela ileta evela kumsakwabo. Ukusuka kwakhe akufundayo ukuba Roshin wafa.

Kulichek sisondela Dasha kumsebenzi komhlaba ngokuchasene norhulumente yamaBolshevik, yaye wafudukela eMoscow. Ngoko ke intombazana abasebenza phantsi kweliso Boris Savinkov, yokugubungela ukuchitha ixesha kunye anarchists Indlovu Dalsky. Ngomhla imiyalelo phantsi komhlaba walo, uqala ukuya kwiintlanganiso ezahlukeneyo apho Lenin uthetha apho iqela labo ulungiselela uhlaselo. ukusebenza kwayo kube nomvakalelo womoya onamandla. Kwaye ngoko uDaria D. vomits lonke unxibelelwano kunye nabavukeli waya kuyise Samara. Kukho eqalwa kunye Telegin ngohlobo wegosa emhlophe.

Telegin uza Bulavin kwaye ufuna ukufumana ubuncinane iindaba malunga Dasha. NguDmitry Stepanovich nangoko ndaqonda ukuba phambi kwakhe "inyoka ebomvu," yena esizoyikayo Telegina ileta ubudala Dashi, kwaye unkenteza counterintelligence. Kwaye ke kukho abakweli engalindelekanga Telegin kunye Dasha, ngexesha yena egumbini lakhe. Kufuneka ixesha lokuchaza, kunye Ivan Ilyich iqhuba.

Kanye emva kwethuba Telegin sele waka webutho, babuya for Dasha e Bulavina indlu, kodwa engenanto, iglasi aphulwe, kunye Dasha na.

Sisigcina-Tsaritsyn

Isishwankathelo ( "I-Road to eKalvari") kwi isahlulo sesithathu "Morning obukhulu" utsho ukuba uloliwe yahlaselwa Darya Dmitrievna Cossacks ezimhlophe, kwaye ngoku yena kunye neqabane lakhe abahambahambayo iitapile random ephekwe ethile entlango. Baya Kufanele Tsaritsyno, kodwa bona lilungiselelo Reds, lowo ngoko nangoko orhanelwa zaseMelika, ingakumbi ngenxa yokuba uyise Dasha yaba ngumlungiseleli urhulumente Samara emhlophe. Noko ke, kamva kwavela ukuba umphathi webutho, wayesazi imfazwe German Melshin Dasha indoda kunye Red Army.

Telegin ngeli xesha ekuthwaleni iVolga iimbumbulu kunye lemipu izilwi Tsaritsyn. Xa ezithethelela yena kakubi wasiwa esibhedlele kunye. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva koko, isiqaqa, eqabuka, ubona inani abongikazi ngubani Dasha intanda yakhe.

Katya and Roshchin

Roshchina tyuu ngeli xesha kuqhubeka, oko kudana ngokupheleleyo ebomini bakhe bonke, Ekaterinoslavle ngesiquphe ufunda ukuba uloliwe, leyo wayehamba Katya, wayithimba Makhno. Ukushiya le tyesi kwi ehotele, wazikrazula epaulets igosa abangaziqhelanga, yena uyahamba aye kukhangela kuyo nekomkhulu Huliaipole Makhno. Apho iwele ezandleni Levy Zadova - Makhno kaThixo omkhulu counterintelligence. Oko ubeka Roshchina sentuthumbo. Kodwa ke Makhno ukunyamekelayo oko kuye kwiBolsheviks babecinga ukuba Ndandinomdla emhlophe, ingena ibe umfelandawonye nzuzo kunye iiBolsheviks kunye kubo uza kuyithatha amaqashiso, leyo ngaphantsi Petliurists. Roschin kunokwenzeka ukutyelela ifama apho wayehlala Katya kunye Alexei Krasilnikov, kodwa sele bashiya, akukho namnye uya kumazi apho.

Vadim ngesibindi ekulweni, kodwa Petliurists sixeko musa ukudlula. Roshchin yaphuka, nobomvu kuyinikela kwisibhedlele IKharkiv.

Neenkanuko ingalawuleki ukuya kumda kwinoveli "Indlela eKalvari". Katya, sasinda akhululwa Krasil'nikova ngamandla wamnyanzela ukuba ukutshata naye, omnye kwizikolo zasemaphandleni abe ngumfundisi.

Esibhedlele Vadim ngqo eKiev uMkhomishinala khona ukuze Chugai. Naye wathabatha inxaxheba ngokoyiswa i-Green Gang abulale Krasil'nikova. Katya, yena ufumana.

injabulo

Esinzima - umxholo imveliso engundoqo, amaqhawe yenoveli, yena esondelene kakhulu, elowo uya kwamkela owakhe zabo, kuba amaxesha ngokwenene ezimbi kunzima gqitha ukukuqonda oko.

Ngoko Ivan Ilych waba Brigade, kwaye kwangoko lalimele Chief of Staff, apho ufunda Roshchina. Wayefuna ukumbamba, kodwa ngokukhawuleza kucaca.

Kate wabuyela eMoscow kwigumbi yakhe endala kwi Arbat, apho wangcwatyelwa kanye indoda wabatyhilela Vadim. Wabe esehlela ukuba utitshala kwenye yeentlanganiso for amagqala intsomi akufundayo Vadim Petrovich uze uyaphela. Ngu Kate beze Telegin kunye Dasha.

Ngoku, ekugqibeleni, sonke ke uhlangane kwaye ibekwe entendelezweni Bolshoi Theatre. ingxelo yenkqubela Krzyzanowski malunga umbane Russia. Roshchin uveza uLenin Stalin ixela Kate ukuba bagxothiwe Denikin, ukuba baphalaze igazi, yaye yonke imizamo nilwamkelele ilize ngenxa yesizathu elikhulu enjalo, yaqala xa ihlabathi ngokutsha okulungileyo, nokuba kweli gumbi yonke ilungele ukuba anikele ngobomi bakhe. Lo a Russia entsha. Ivan Ilyich, kakhulu, ngokukhuthazwa emiboniso ezi nkokeli ezithandwayo, utsho Dasha, nto leyo sele ukulungele kakhulu ukusebenza. Oku kunokwenzeka entanjeni nesishwankathelo. "Indlela eKalvari" - umsebenzi ufanelwe ukufunda.