Inkqubo kweenkundla ulamlo ye-Russian Federation. Ubume kwenkqubo ulamlo le Russian Federation

iingxabano yezoqoqosho, oko kukuthi, abo eziquka nezenzi ezahlukeneyo zoqoqosho eRashiya enokusonjululwa ngoncedo kweenkundla ulamlo. Zeziphi ezi nkcukacha umsebenzi wabo? Yiyiphi imithetho elawula imisebenzi ulamlo?

Task iinkundla okulamla

Cinga ukuba isiqalo ke, isigqibo ngento imisebenzi inkqubo yenkundla kweenkundla ulamlo ye-Russian Federation. Okukodwa yabo ichazwa eyahlukileyo federal regulatory isenzo - APC RF. Ukungqinelana uMgaqonkqubo, inkqubo yeenkundla ulamlo ye-Russian Federation usombulula iingxaki ezinxulumene isigqibo, njengoko sibonile ngentla apha, iingxabano kwezoqoqosho - abo ebandakanya amacandelo oshishino: oosomashishini ngamnye, iinkampani zoshishino ezahlukeneyo, iinkampani amazwe.

Imisebenzi amaziko enkundla afanelekileyo kulawulwa APC kunye neminye imithombo mthetho, ingakumbi i-Federal Umthetho-siseko ngeeNkundla CCMA. Xa uluhlu lwemisebenzi ukusombulula amaziko ithathwa ziquka:

• nokukhuselwa kwamalungelo kunye nomdla abantu abathatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi zoshishino, kwakunye nomasipala abasemagunyeni kwicandelo loshishino;
• ukuqinisekisa ukufumaneka ulamlo yobulungisa kumashishini ezahlukeneyo;
• isisombululo seengxabano phakathi kwexesha elifanelekileyo;
• zokuqinisa iziko yomthetho, semthethweni kunye nokuthintelwa kumatyala kwindawo yemisebenzi yoqoqosho;
• ukukhuthaza intlonipho abantu kunye nemibutho ukuba umthetho;
• imisebenzi neempahla, nokukhuthaza uphuhliso phakathi kwamaqumrhu uthelelwano;
• zokuziphatha yeshishini zonxibelelwano.

ummiselo olumisiweyo kwenkqubo yeenkundla okulamla

Ngoku makhe siqwalasele ngokweenkcukacha koko olumisiweyo izenzo inkqubo olulawulwayo zeenkundla ulamlo ye-Russian Federation. Owona mthombo obalulekileyo zomthetho, ekufuneka zisekelwe kwi umsebenzi ulamlo njengoko, eneneni, nayiphi na amaziko, abemi kunye nemibutho --siseko Russian. Ngokukodwa, ukulandelelana yeengxoxo arbitral kakhulu ezimiselwe ngumthetho karhulumente, ngokunjalo:

• Federal Umthetho-siseko "Kwi yezeeJaji System";
• Federal Umthetho-siseko "On kwiinkundla okulamla";
• APC RF;
• neminye imithetho federal, imihlaba leyo kudlulela imisebenzi ulamlo.

RF APC icwangcisa umgangatho, ekuthe ngenxa yawo kwahlaziywa nezibonelelo zesivumelwano ngezizwe iya kusetyenziswa Russian Federation, ukuba licacisa neminye imithetho ngaphezu kwabo ukuba ezisisigxina mthetho. Xa izimvo kufuneka isetyenziswe kuphela kwimiqathango ekhoyo yomthetho. Kwimeko apho omnye okanye enye eqhelekileyo ngaphakathi komthetho procedural, nto leyo efunekayo ukuze uvandlakanyo lweziphumo yobudlelwane ezithile zomthetho kwi-sikhokelo intlanganiso ayikho kuwiso-mthetho, inkqubo yeenkundla ulamlo ye-Russian Federation linyanzelekile ukuba akhokelwe siseko mzekeliso umthetho. Oko kukuthi, imbambano ngokwemeko nemigangatho efanayo yezomthetho elawula ubudlelwane kwimimandla enxulumene.

Ngoku makhe siqwalasele ukuba yintoni na yiNkundla yoLamlo ye-Russian Federation njengeziko lomthetho oluzimeleyo. Kuba oku sibheka kuzo amagatya Federal uMthetho siseko "On kwiinkundla okulamla".

Iinkundla Ulamlo njengeziko lomthetho oluzimeleyo

Ngokutsho komnye umthombo waphawula yomthetho, ulamlo lo kwiinkundla federal. Le nkqubo ibandakanya amaziko afanelekileyo:

• Iinkundla okulamla circumferential (nobona Ephakamileyo);
• amaziko enkundla amacala;
• iinkundla ukuqotywa izifundo RF;
• iinkundla eziza kujongana ngokukodwa.

Ngaphambili, i-arhente liphezulu zodidi ngaphakathi kwinkqubo efanelekileyo i Ephakamileyo yoLamlo INkundla Russian Federation. Noko ke, ngo-2014 i-mthetho ukuphumeza iinguqu, nto leyo ikhokelele imisebenzi SAC yathatyathwa yiNkundla Ephakamileyo. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha iimpawu zezi utshintsho kumthetho kulawulo.

Uhlaziyo yezomthetho 2014

Ngoko ke, ekuqaleni 2014 mthetho ziye zaqaliswa ulungiso:

• e FKZ "Kwi kwiNkundla Ephakamileyo";
• e FKZ "Kwi inkqubo yenkundla."

Ngokutsho kwabo, njengoko sele sibonile ngentla apha, imisebenzi RF emva kokuba ukuqaliswa zilungiso zinxulumene ukusebenza ngo-Agasti 2014 wegqitha phantsi kolawulo omkhosi. Kwamiswa inkqubo ekhethekileyo ukuze kwakhiwe ukwakhiwa ngabagwebi sikhokelo omkhosi, ifumene amandla amatsha.

Le guqula, njengoko apho Russian Federation Ephakamileyo yoLamlo INkundla kwapheliswa ngempumelelo nje ngeziko elizimeleyo ilungelo, kwabangela eninzi ukugxekwa. Njengoko iingcali ingqalelo ezo ulwazi ukuba ekuqaleni wayenazo omkhosi, akulula kangako ukuya kwinqanaba namanye amaziko ombuso. Kulo mba, ngokutsho iingcali, ukuze ukunciphisa umgangatho amatyala ngokomgaqo-sikhokelo zeengxoxo zamatyala okulamla.

Noba indlela, indlela yokuguqula yenkundla inkqubo kwenzeka. Nayiphi iNkundla Arbitration of the Russian Federation uphumeza imisebenzi yayo ngenxa yokuba igunya liphezulu ekusombululeni iingxabano yezoqoqosho njengangoku omkhosi.

Ngoku makhe siqwalasele iimpawu ezithile iintlobo ezithile zeenkundla ngolamlo, oxeliweyo sithi ngasentla: sisithili, lezibheno, enza indima Yokuqala Umzekelo of amaziko asebenza kumphakamo kwezi zifundo RF, kwakunye ezizodwa. Kuba oku sibheka kuzo amagatya Federal uMthetho siseko "Kwi inkqubo yenkundla."

Iinkundla District: iimpawu enze imisebenzi

Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo yeenkundla ulamlo ye-Russian Federation kuquka amaziko ukuba enze imisebenzi yabo kumgangatho wesithili. Ezi arbitrations nawo Ephakamileyo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba uqwalasele iingxabano ekuqaleni. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwizithili kulamlo lokugqibela ngokungqinelana nomthetho, njengabongamileyo amaziko afana:

• INkundla yeziBheno yoLamlo;
• amaziko ukuba enze imisebenzi kumphakamo kwezi zifundo RF.

Kulo mzekelo, zombini iindidi imibutho kufuneka ibekwe ummandla kwisithili, ngaphandle kokuba eminye imithetho azichazwanga emthethweni siseko federal. Ngokufanayo, amagunya, lokusekwa algorithm, kwakunye nenkqubo kuququzelela umsebenzi iinkundla zezithili kusekwa kwinqanaba le-FCL.

iinkundla zesibheno

Eneneni, inkundla lezibheno yoLamlo njengeziko yomthetho ozimeleyo kwakhona ezikhoyo kwinkqubo efanelekileyo. amagunya ayo kwakhona iqulunqwe kwi Russian Federal Law-siseko. Linobuchule, la maziko ukuze ingqalelo imeko iimeko ezintsha okanye esanda evela.

Ulamlo ezindaweni Russian

Imizekelo amaziko afanelekileyo - sokugweba arbitral okanye ngohlangothi ndawo, nto leyo yenze isifundo eyahlukileyo ye-Russian Federation. Amagunya engundoqo wolu imibutho enxulumene nolawulo lobulungisa kwinqanaba yesigaba sokuqala, kwakunye kwiimeko ezintsha okanye Lusanda.

Umxholo Russian Federation, kwaye kuthathwa ukuba ibe sisixeko onentsingiselo federal. Ngoko ke, kukho intendelezo kulamlo lokugqibela ka eMoscow, eSt Petersburg. imisebenzi yayo kunye namagunya-arhente ezifanelekileyo mbuzo. YoLamlo Court of kummandla eMoscow iya kusebenza ngokuzimeleyo ukusuka kwikomkhulu. Kunjalo kummandla St. Petersburg naseLeningrad. Ulamlo Court of St. Petersburg usombulula neengxabano phakathi kwamaqumrhu lwezoqoqosho asebenza kulo mzi. Ulamlo kummandla iLeningrad iya kuqwalasela amatyala abandakanya mveliso, emele iingingqi zabo.

YoLamlo Court yasendle okanye olunye uhlobo qumrhu le-Russian Federation uphumeza imisebenzi yayo ngendlela, njengoko kunjalo amaziko ezidlulileyo, umiselwa kwinqanaba umthetho siseko federal.

Olunye uhlobo ulamlo - lo kwiinkundla ezikhethekileyo. Kananjalo isimo federal. Cinga iimpawu yomsebenzi wabo zolwimi ngokunzulu.

arbitrations ezizodwa

Eneneni, iinkundla ezizodwa federal inokuba kulamlo ekhethiwe. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba enze imisebenzi enxulumene kumatyala zolawulo yoluntu, ezo zifumaneka ngokubanzi kwi wolawulo iinkundla wolawulo ngokubanzi. Noko ke, ukuba kuyimfuneko, baza kuba nako ukwenza imisebenzi yabo yamatyala ezizodwa. Umyalelo nokudaleka, njengoko kunjalo kunye nezinye ii-arhente, ezifana ne-District, yeziBheno, iNkundla yoLamlo of kwiriphabliki, ummandla okanye mmandla ixhomekeke kwinqanaba le FCL.

Court amalungelo obunini kushicilelo nokuthengiswa

Umzekelo ulamlo ezizodwa - nedlelo amalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda. Lo mbutho iqwalasela zeengxabano enxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwamalungelo. Kulo mzekelo, iNkundla amalungelo obunini bokuyila nawoshicilelo ngexesha elifanayo unalo igunya nolawulo lobulungisa kwinqanaba le mizekelo yokuqala kunye Ephakamileyo.

Ngoko ke, siye wajonga ezingundoqo ulwazi malunga nenkqubo kweenkundla ulamlo ye-Russian Federation, nto leyo iziko limele. Iza kuba luncedo ukuba sihlolisise ezinye bokuqonda kwale nkqubo. Ingakumbi abagwebi indlela onyulwa ulamlo. Ukuze wenze oku, buyelani amagatya Federal uMthetho siseko "On kwiinkundla okulamla", kwakunye ukuncedisana umthetho wayo.

Ukuqeshwa kubagwebi ulamlo

Ukuqeshwa sihlalo kunye namasekela azo, kwakunye abagwebi ngokungqinelana nemimiselo kuzo zonke iintlobo zamaziko:

• Federal Umthetho-siseko "Kwi yezeeJaji System";
• "Ngomhla Isimo yaBagwebi" umyalelo Russian Federation.

Imeko ephambili phantsi apho ummi wabelwa oyiArbitration Court of eMoscow, eSt Petersburg, yengingqi, kwiphondo, kwisithili, - ukuba ufumane imvume yeBhodi Qualification. Ngenxa yoko, umzimba iya isigqibo malunga nokukhululwa abagwebi e-ofisini. Noko ke, zingakotshwa wabhenela nebhodi yoluleko ye RF Armed Forces.

imisebenzi ngezimali Arbitration

A inkalo yomsebenzi ulamlo ukuba sifundisisa - mali. Ithwalwa ngendleko-mali federal. Ngezimali iinkundla omkhosi ikhutshwa phandle kuthathelwa ingqalelo indawo zeSebe yezeeJaji. Ngoko ke, ukugcinwa lwamaziko phantsi ingqalelo wenziwa isembindini. Ulamlo Court of the kwiNgingqi eMoscow, ikomkhulu, okwilizwe isebenzisa mali federal.

Ubukhulu kunye nokwakhiwa arbitrations

Kwakhona cinga indlela apho imithetho Russian Federation ilawulwa yi ubungakanani kunye nolwakhiwo kula maziko. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba manani esekwe umthetho mali, kuba, njengoko sibonile ngentla apha, amabhaso arbitral ngemali yi-mali karhulumente. Kulo mzekelo, ubukhulu kunye nolwakhiwo amaziko athile yenkundla, ezifana oyiArbitration Court of St. Petersburg, eMoscow, imimandla, imimandla kwaye sizimisele kuzo omkhosi kwimida emiselwe ngumthetho mali.

Izixhobo zeNkundla arbitral

Enye inkalo lamaziko kuqwalaselwa ukuba kuya kuba luncedo ukuba ukufunda, - ukusebenza ifowuni yakho. Eli ziko lijongene ngenkxaso lombutho bomsebenzi ulamlo. Kwalathiswa isixhobo usihlalo olufanelekileyo ezithile yamatyala arbitral. Imisebenzi ephambili ukuba yenziwe kulo mzimba:

• ukwamkelwa pre-kwetyala abantu ababandakanyekayo iimbambano;
• abafumana yaye ukukhutshwa ngeembalo ezahlukeneyo, ukuphunyezwa kwe lopicotho lwabo;
• lula umsebenzi abagwebi njengenxalenye belungiselela ingqalelo kweembambano;
• nokugcina iirekhodi kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo;
• ukufunda kwaye shwankathela kileyo asakhasayo;
• Ekuqulunqweni kwesicwangciso ezahlukeneyo ukwazisa izilungiso ezifunekayo kuwo umthetho;
• ulwazi kunye incwadi;
• iirekhodi manani ukwenzela imisebenzi engundoqo;
• kwizicwangciso yeziko;
• ukuxhasa ukunyanzeliswa nemigaqo ekhutshwa ngabaLawuli yinkundla.

Imisebenzi abasebenzi senkundla kulawulwa malungiselelo awodwa. Ukuvuma iSebe wayo yezeeJaji ye RF Armed Forces. Ukwenzela ukusingatha imiba ethile ezivelayo kule ingqwalasela kwiimeko ezithile, umatshini yabo yokuya kwiqela labacebisi oqeqeshiweyo lo msebenzi. Inani elipheleleyo labasebenzi ingqalelo amaziko bezixhobo, hayi kuquka abasebenzi abathatha inxaxheba kukhuselo, ulondolozo lwezakhiwo, ulondolozo lwezixhobo zothutho, achazwa ngumthetho mali.

Ubume kunye nenani izixhobo ulamlo efakiweyo usihlalo wenkundla, ngokuxhomekeka kwisivumelwano kunye neSebe yeeJaji kwi omkhosi ngokusekelwe kwizibonakalisi ezichazwe kwinqanaba yemithetho mali. abasebenzi Inkundla awanalo iwonga nabasebenzi bakarhulumente. amalungelo kunye nemisebenzi yabo zimiselwa yimithetho eyahlukeneyo yase kunye nezinye izinto zomthetho yamkelwa ukuze ukwandisa inkqubo ummiselo osemthethweni zizicaka zoluntu. Amalungelo kunye nemisebenzi zabasebenzi senkundla abangenazo abakhonzi isimo bakarhulumente, zilawulwa yi-Code Labour.

isishwankathelo

Ngoko safunda iimpawu kwenkqubo yeenkundla ulamlo ye-Russian Federation. Abo bafanekiselwa 4 iintlobo ezisisiseko: circumferential, isibheno, izifundo iinqanawa RF, kwakunye yolamlo ezizodwa.

Imisebenzi zamaziko achaphazelekayo kulawulwa ngumthetho federal. Ukususela 2014 ubungcali liphezulu kwinkqubo ulamlo unalo yiNkundla Ephakamileyo. Yena unoxanduva lokusekwa Iphaneli yabagwebi kumaziko athile phakathi kwabo parameters amanani abasebenzi, ezo ezibekwe yi-mthetho mali. Ngoko, ke, igqiba indlela nkqubo iza ngemali ziinkundla okulamla Russian.

amaziko Izincomo basombulula iingxaki kwezoqoqosho inxaxheba koosomashishini, iinkampani zoshishino, oorhulumente. Umbutho we umsebenzi ulamlo yokuphumeza arhente Unit zabo.