UMbutho of American States (OAS)

Le mibutho inkulu ngamazwe ngoku kuvumelekile ukuba Cazulula OAS. Association, ebizwa i-Organisation of American States, iye iinjongo kunye nemigaqo yemisebenzi yabo ecacileyo, yamkele Charter, isakhiwo branched kwaye inani khorwisaka Member States. Injongo yethu kukuba simazi ngokweenkcukacha kunye ngasentla.

Yintoni OAS

Umbutho of American States (Eng. Organisation of ithi yaseMelika, tsh. Umbutho des États américains, iSpanish. Organización de los estados americanos, port. Organização dos Estados Americanos), OAS (OAS) ekuthiwa umanyano ngamazwe ithi, wasekwa ngo-1948 ngo-9 inkomfa Inter-American kwisixeko Colombian ka Bogota th. isiseko wakhe Pan American Union (1889) - umbutho yeengcebiso nolo lwamazwe yaseMelika.

Njengenxalenye OAS 35 (33 okwangoku) amazwe angamalungu. ngeelwimi ezine ukusebenza - IsiNgesi, isiPhuthukezi, iSpanish kunye nesiFrentshi. Iqumrhu ekulawuleni lombutho - yiyo kwiNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo. ofisi yeNtloko unxulumano ise eUnited States - Washington.

Imfundo Umbutho of American States. OAS: Imbali

OAS kwimo wePan American Union waqalisa ukusebenza ngo-1889 - Yokuqala International American Conference, eyayibanjelwe eWashington. Ku balungiselela isiseko amaziko kunye nemimiselo kwaye sele sivunyiwe yi kwasekusekweni lombutho. Unyaka ukusekwa koMbutho American States uthathwa ukuba ibe ngowe-1948 - unyaka wokutyikitywa yoMqulu yayo. Eneneni, waba 1951

Kuba uninzi angamalungu waphawulwa ngenxa umkhuba wokujoyina OAS ngoko nangoko emva kokufumana okanye wokufuna geqe. Ngaphandle baba Canada (1990) kunye Guyana (1991) waye ilizwe yokugqibela yesibini yamkela namhlanje American Union.

De kwangowe-1962, Cuba njengento ilungu epheleleyo OAS, kodwa emva kokukhetha indlela yayo zobusoshiyali, iNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko lwamalungu ayo igqibe ngaphandle uRhulumente phakathi kwamalungu ayo. UMbutho of American States nazo banyanzelekile amalungu alo ukuba kwahlukanisa zonke ubudlelwane eCuba, nangona abanye babo livote nxamnye nayo. Kuphela 3 Julayi 2009 ukunqunyanyiswa inxaxheba kweli lizwe kule OAS imisiwe, kodwa urhulumente Cuba akazange aye ukwenza isigqibo sokuba abuyele Union.

Ngowe-1971 kwagqitywa ukwazisa iziko OAS ababukeleyo. Ngowe-2015, le iwonga baye kumazwe-70, eziquka i-Russian Federation. Okwangoku, igunya kunye nesikhundla koMbutho American States mngquli manyano kuphela Latin American kakhulu ngaphandle eUnited States - UNASUR (Union of South American Nations), CELAC (Community of Latin American nawe-Caribbean States).

Ngo-Epreli 2017 uMongameli Venezuela Nicolas khong wathumela i-General Secretariat lencwadi OAS apho wathi urhulumente wakhe ukuba bahambe ngokukhawuleza Union.

amazwe inxaxheba kuhlanganiswa

Ngoko ke, ngubani na inxalenye koMbutho American States:

• US;
• Dominica;
• Peru;
• Uruguay;
• Barbados;
• Honduras;
• Antigua and Barbuda;
• Mexico;
• El Salvador;
• Paraguay;
• Guyana;
• Trinidad, Tobago;
• Lucia Saint;
• Colombia;
• Nicaragua;
• Bolivia;
• Suriname;
• Panama;
• Chile;
• St. Vincent, Grenadines;
• Costa Rica;
• Dominican Republic;
• Guatemala;
• St. Kitts, Nevis;
• Bahamas;
• Argentina;
• Belize;
• Canada;
• Ecuador;
• Grenada;
• Mexico;
• Brazil;
• Jamaica.

Ekuqaleni Union njengoko inani Cuba kunye Venezuela.

imigomo OAS

Iinjongo koMbutho American States, ngokusekelwe kwi Charter, oku kulandelayo:

• Ukomeleza uxolo nonqabiseko kumazwekazi ezimbini American.
• Priority bagcina siseko yokungacaluli ngoncedo, ukomelezwa kumazwe inxaxheba karhulumente omele wedemokhrasi.
• Igalelo le ndawo ngoxolo iingxabano phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu, kwakunye ukunqanda ungquzulwano yokukhula kunokwenzeka.
• Dibanisa imikhosi xa kuthe ndlongo lwangaphandle.
• Ukuba negalelo ekusombululeni ezinye iingxaki kumazwe inxaxheba - kwezoqoqosho, ezentlalo, ezomthetho.
• Ukwenza igalelo kuphuhliso lwezentlalo, ezenkcubeko kunye noqoqosho jikelele.
• Yenza indlela yophuhliso lwayo, zinciphisa inani kwezixhobo, makhe zonke izibonelelo zophuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho.

Imigaqo esisiseko lwemisebenzi i-Union

Ukudalwa koMbutho American States usho ukubambelela ngokungqongqo amalungu ayo inani lemithetho-siseko:

• intsebenziswano yesiqhelo phakathi nxaxheba lowo ngumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.
• Ulwalamano lamazwe inxaxheba nakhelwe phezu ngentlonipho yamalungelo nenkululeko States nobuntu abemi zabo, ngokunjalo ngokusekelwe ukubambelela ngokungqongqo izibophelelo emiselweyo yezizwe ngezizwe.
• Relations phakathi kwamaqela OAS ukuphuhlisa kwimigaqo ukholo okulungileyo ukuthembana.
• Party nganye nguRhulumente njongo yayo iphambili ukukhetha ifowuni ukuba idemokhrasi esebenzayo ummeli.
• Intsebenziswano yamazwe OAS ngokusekelwe yeSizwe nemithetho- siseko yokungacaluli-kuphazamisa nkqubo zomnye, ukuzimela iinkqubo zikarhulumente.
• amazwe inxaxheba abachasene iimfazwe uchuku.
• Uchuku karhulumente lilungu elinye ithathwa njengokuba uchuku yonke OAS.
• Zonke iimbambano phakathi kwamaqela kufuneka isonjululwe kuphela iindlela zokudala uxolo.
• intsebenziswano kwezoqoqosho kumele ukuba ukhokelele ekubeni ntle ngokubanzi abemi States Lungu.
• Isiseko yehlabathi lukhuseleko lwentlalo kunye nobulungisa.
• amalungelo zobuqu bonke abemi bayalingana - kungakhathaliseki ukuba isini sabo, ubuhlanga kunye nobudala.
• Ubunye yokomoya amazwe OAS isekelwe phezu nokuhlonelana ngamasiko yesizwe nganye enye, ukusukela ophezulu eziqulethwe inkcubeko yabantu.
• Umsebenzi yamaziko emfundo OAS ithi kufuneka zisekelwe ekukhuthazeni ihlabathi uxolo, inkululeko kunye nokulingana.

OAS isakhiwo

UMbutho of American States (OAS) uphumeza iinjongo zayo elinegunya zilandelayo abasemagunyeni:

• I-General Assembly;
• umzimba yothethathethwano zeengcebiso leMicimbi yangaPhandle Balungiseleli States Parties;
• amacebiso;
• Inter-American Committee on Affairs zomthetho;
• Special Inter-American Commission on Human Rights;
• The Secretariat Jikelele;
• arhente ezikhethekileyo kunye neenkomfa.

indalo kunokwenzeka ye mba eyongezelelweyo inkxaso zamaziko emfundo kunye namabhunga.

Umbutho of American States Charter

I OAS Charter yamkelwa 30.04.1948 eBogota (Colombia). It iqulathe iinxalenye 3, isahluko 23 kunye namanqaku 151. isakhiwo wayo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Ingxenye 1:
  • Indlela emi ngayo amaxwebhu adweliswe iinjongo eziphambili mbutho.
  • imigaqo OAS.
  • Amalungiselelo ezibhekiselele kumalungu ombutho.
  • Ukubhengezwa umba "wophuhliso ebanzi" kwi-sikhokelo ye-Union State.
• Ingxenye 2:
  • Ubume bombutho.
  • Izibonelelo kwiNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo.
  • Imigaqo ye kweNtlanganiso Consultative ye aBaphathiswa Interior.
  • Iincam lombutho: amalungiselelo jikelele; sihloko, ukuba siqonde umsebenzi zeBhunga Sihleli.
  • I-Inter-American loLuntu IBhunga lezoQoqosho.
  • Board of Education, Science and Culture.
  • I-Legal IKomiti koMbutho American States.
  • Commission on Human Rights.
  • Secretariat Jikelele.
  • Amanqaku phezu iinkomfa ezikhethekileyo.
  • Points-arhente ezikhethekileyo.
• Ingxenye 3:
  • amalungiselelo ezahlukahlukeneyo xwebhu.
  • Uqinisekiso kunye nexesha.
  • Ukukhutshelwa amalungiselelo okwethutyana.

Makhe sihlolisise amalungiselelo ibalulekileyo yesivumelwano zolwimi ngokunzulu.

Malunga General Assembly

Ibhunga lolawulo otshatsheleyo Umbutho of American States obonwa yiNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo. Iqhuba ngaphakathi kwisakhiwo iqela lemisebenzi ebalulekileyo:

• Uchaza kumda wesangqa eqhelekileyo imisebenzi kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo lonke.
• Ukwachaphazela nayo yonke imicimbi emayela ubudlelwane phakathi kwamalungu.
• Linxibelelani imisebenzi yabo bonke imizimba phantsi kunye namaziko.
• Ukomeleza nokuphuhlisa intsebenziswano kunye UN.
• Ukukhuthaza intsebenziswano kunye neminye imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe kwiinkalo yezentlalo, eyezoqoqosho neyezenkcubeko, kuqalwa imibutho kunye neenjongo ezifanayo.
• Ivuma mali inkqubo koMbutho American States, icwangcisa ubungakanani quota-nxaxheba.
• Yiva zonke iingxelo zonyaka kunye neerekhodi phantsi kolawulo nabasemagunyeni kunye namaziko.
• Wabenza imithetho jikelele ukuba awusebenzisi i-General Secretariat.
• Kuthatha zonke nemimiselo yayo kwaye 2/3 kwi-ajenda.

Ngokupheleleyo onke amazwe OAS zimelwe kwiNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo; Wonke umntu unelungelo nevoti enye kuphela. Le BBB idibana qho ngonyaka esixekweni, nto leyo ikhethwe ngokungqinelana siseko alternation. Zonke izigqibo evunywe yi inani elikhulu leevoti. Ngaphandle - iiprojekthi ezimiselwe kule Tshatha, ukwenziwa yazo kufuneka ibe 2/3 "for".

Malunga OAS Member States

Nazi amalungiselelo lukhulu angamalungu koMbutho American States:

• Amangeno kuMbutho buvuleleke naliphi na ilizwe American okanye umanyano lwamazwe abazimisele ukwamkela zonke izibophelelo zonke Charter aza enze izilungiso kuyo.
• Isigqibo ulwamkelo ilungu elitsha umiselwa ivoti bonke abathathi-nxaxheba - kuba isigwebo esifanelekileyo kuyimfuneko 2/3 uninzi.
• Onke amalungu OAS lithi ziye amalungelo kunye nemisebenzi alinganayo.
• Ngalinye-nxaxheba kufuneka mazingapheleli ngendlela eyahlukileyo yophuhliso lwezepolitiki yobomi yayo, kwezoqoqosho nakwezentlalo.
• Akukho namnye amalungu unelungelo, nkqu ngokungangqalanga, ukuba aphazamise kwimicimbi yangaphakathi enye karhulumente.
• Intsimi of State ngalinye ilungu liya kuba inviolable.
• Zonke iimbambano ziya isonjululwe kuphela ngendlela enoxolo - na ngolamlo, ngoxolelwaniso, uthethwano ngqo, iinkqubo zezomthetho, etc ...
• Ukuba ukuthembeka kunye ingqibelelo omnye okanye ngaphezulu amaQela States igqojozwe, amanye amalungu OAS kufuneka ume lwakhe / ulongamo zabo.

Ukubhengezwa umba "wophuhliso ebanzi" kwi-sikhokelo yoMgaqo-OAS

Uphuhliso oluphangaleleyo amalungu koMbutho American States (OAS) wawuthi kwiTshatha yayo, oko kuthetha oku kulandelayo:

• Ukwanda njalo GDP, usasazo olulinganayo sengeniso yesizwe, inkqubo yerhafu olwaneleyo, yotshintsho kwezolimo, kwinqanaba ixabiso oluzinzileyo, hayi nje / n, intshayelelo yenkqubela mihla amayeza, ukwakhiwa kwemigangatho yokuphila onesidima labemi, njalo-njalo. D.
• Ukunika indlela yokufikelela kwiimarike zehlabathi kwimimandla yabo, ukudala iimeko azivumi ukuba ukuqukumbela izivumelwano zoshishino ngamazwe, ukwandiswa namathuba ngaphandle, njalo njalo. D.
• Zihlonele amalungelo abemi bayo, ewanika uzinzo kwezoqoqosho, ukhuseleko lwezentlalo, inkululeko lophuhliso ngokomoya; ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo yezomthetho ekhusela amalungelo wonke ummi, ngaphandle kokukhetha; ukusekwa iimanyano zabasebenzi; ufikelelo jikelele eziziiprayimari neziziisekondari, kwaye ukhululekile ephakamileyo kunye t. d.

I OAS yenye nemibutho zindala American ngamazwe. Umbutho lidibanisa namhlanje amazwe 33, isakhiwo branched, ummiselo walo kunye neenjongo kunye nemigaqo kuchazwe ngokucacileyo.