Indlela yokwenza thermostat ngesandla. Thermostat ukufudumeza akwariyam ngezandla zabo

Russian Ubusika zizakubalulwa namandla aso nengqele kakhulu, njengoko kuye kwafika kubo bonke. Ngoko ke, lo igumbi apho kukho abantu abafuna lisenziwa shushu ngako. Ukutshisa Central yeyona eqhelekileyo, yaye kwimeko yokungabikho Ungasebenzisa kwibhoyila igesi ngamnye. Nangona kunjalo, oku kudla ngokwenzeka ukuba akukho esinye okanye omnye ayifumaneki, umzekelo, endle i isikhululo amanzi igumbi elincinane zokumpompa, apho machinists clock umsebenzi. Oku kunokuba igumbi apho elikhulu eyintlango isakhiwo okanye umlindi inqaba. Imizekelo kwanele.

isimo out

Onke la macala amnyanzela ukuba athwale isixhobo sombane ukufudumeza. Ngamagumbi ezincinane kuyenzeka ukuba wenze i-oli sombane kwiradiyetha eziqhelekileyo, kwaye amagumbi amakhulu badla amalungiselelo ukufudumeza amanzi radiators. Ukuba ngaba sigcine iso lobushushu amanzi, ngoko ngokukhawuleza okanye emva kokuba sethumba, ngenxa apho yonke embizeni uya phantsi. Ukuze silumkele Kwiimeko ezinjalo, sebenzisa thermostats.

iimpawu device

I sixhobo osebenzayo yahlulwe ziiyunithi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo: zincwadi Womenzi iqondo lobushushu, a comparator, kwaye isixhobo ulawulo umthwalo. Ngaphezu koko, onke amalungu la ziza kuchazwa. Le nkcazelo kuyimfuneko ukuze enze thermostat ngesandla. Kulo mzekelo, eli lungiselelo ecetywayo apho woluvo lobushushu i transistor eqhelekileyo eguquguqukayo, eyenza kube lula ukuphelisa ukusetyenziswa thermistors. Le woluvo isekelwe kwinto yokuba Ipharamitha transistors lezixhobo semiconductor ukuya kakhulu zixhomekeke lobushushu voice.

bokuqonda ezibaluleke

Ukudala thermostat ngezandla zabo kufuneka kwenziwe nge-akhawunti imbopheleleko izinto ezimbini. Okokuqala, ukuba isiqhelo lwezixhobo oluzenzekelayo ukuba autogeneration. Kwimeko phakathi isixhobo basha kunye woluvo thermostat olubekwe iqhina elomeleleyo kakhulu emva zokudubula utshintsho ngoko nangoko iyavalwa uze kwakhona. Oku kuya kwenzeka kwiimeko apho woluvo ibekwe kufutshane ezibandayo okanye imbawula. Okwesibini, bonke abenzi boluvo kunye nezixhobo ze-elektroniki kukho ukuchaneka ethile. Ngokomzekelo, umntu esweni iqondo lobushushu isidanga 1, kodwa ke noko ngamanani amancinci kunzima kakhulu ukuba ukulandelela. Kulo mzekelo, i elektroniki elula uqala ukwenza iimpazamo kwaye kaninzi kuthatha macala izisombululo kuphela, ingakumbi xa amaqondo obushushu phantse ngokulinganayo noko umiselwe msebenzi.

Inkqubo yokudala

Ukuba sithethe ngendlela yokwenza ubushushu ngezandla zabo, ngoko sifanele sithi kukho woluvo thermistor, ukunciphisa ukuqina kwayo ngexesha lenkqubo ubushushu. Ifakiwe kwisekethe le ehlukanisayo ombane. Umphathi wesekethe kwakhona luquka a resistor bume R2, apho iqondo lobushushu elibekwe lusebenze. Ngenxa ehlukanisayo ombane nakwesiphi na NOR element 2Mna, eyinkampani kwimowudi inverter, yaye emva koko isiseko transistor ukukhonza njenge arrestor kuba C1 capacitor. Ngoko, yena, siqhagamshelwe igalelo (S) RS-flip-गर्नुहोस् qalela, apho babehlanganisene iperi lweziqalelo, kwaye kananjalo igalelo kwenye NOR 2I. Ngenxa ehlukanisayo ombane na igalelo NOR 2Mna, elawula igalelo yesibini (R) RS-adubule.

njani lo msebenzi

Ngenxa yoko, sicinga ukuba ukudala indlela thermostat elula ngezandla zabo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba isebenza njani kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Xa thermistors aphezulu obushushu luphawulwa ombane aphantsi, ngoko kukho nomabi ombane, nto leyo ibonwa njenge logic zero. Ngaloo ndlela transistor livulekile, ukuba S-igalelo lwe flip-गर्नुहोस् qalela waqonda zero ingqiqo, yaye capacitor C1 uthunyelwa. Xa imveliso ye flip-गर्नुहोस् qalela umiselwe iyunithi nengqondo. Le relay ikwimowudi ON, kwaye transistor VT2 ivuliwe. Ukuze siqonde ngqo indlela yokwenza thermostat, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le ukuphunyezwa ethile relay ijolise zokupholisa into, oko kukuthi, ke yona phezu fan kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu.

wehlisa lobushushu

Xa ukuhla ubushushu thermistor ukumelana ukunyuka, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwandeni ehlukanisayo ombane. Ngaxa lithile, transistor VT1 wokuvala kwenzeka, ebezikuyo capacitor C1 uqalisa ukutshajisa nge R5. Ekugqibeleni kuza ixesha ukufikelela kwinqanaba elinye enengqondo. It inikezelwa ukuya kwenye igalelo lwe D4, kunye igalelo yesibini lwesi sakhi ikhutshwa kunye ehlukanisayo ombane. Xa igalelo ukuba iseke iyunithi ubhalo, naphezu isiqalelo imveliso kukho a zero, i-flip-गर्नुहोस् qalela zizakucima zilayite ngokuzenzekela kurhulumente esahlukileyo. Kulo mzekelo, i relay uya icinyiwe, nto leyo eya uyicime fan, ukuba kuyimfuneko, okanye vula kwi ubushushu. Ngoko ke unako ukwenza thermostat ukuya zokugcina ngezandla zabo, ukuze sikwazi kwaye likhubaza fan xa kuyimfuneko.

Ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu

Ngenxa yoko, iqondo lobushushu waqalisa ukwandisa kwakhona. Zero ehlukanisayo izakuvela yokuqala enye D4 igalelo, wowususa zero kwi input senyanga, ngokubuyisela ngo. Ngaphezu koko, njengoko ukunyuka amaqondo obushushu aya kuba zero kwi inverter. Emva kokusebenzisa iyunithi transistor iya kuvulwa, nto leyo ekubhobhozeni yeseli C1 no zero cwangciso input kubangela ukuba likhubaza njengesipholisi itshiswe kwinkqubo ukufudumeza amanzi ziqulathe fan. Ezo thermostats ukufudumeza, ngezandla zakhe wenza umsebenzi ngendlela eyiyo.

Iibhloko C1, R5 kunye VT1 luyilelwe ukuphelisa autogeneration, kuba umise ixesha ukulibaziseka off. Inokuba eziqalela imizuzwana embalwa ukuba imizuzu embalwa. Ucinge thermostat ngokwanelisayo elula, ukudala ngokwayo, ngoko ke iyunithi ngasentla kwakhona ephelisa isivamvo lobushushu ezibuyiselwe umva. Nkqu yokuqala ukubetha encinane kakhulu kwenzeka ukuvulwa transistor kunye nokukhutshwa lwephanyazo le capacitor. Ngaphezu koko, jitter ayiyi kuhoywa. Ekupheleni ephinda imeko transistor. Ukuwisa capacitor iqala kuphela emva kokuba ubume okubuyela yokugqibela. Kunye nokuqaliswa kwe-flip-गर्नुहोस् qalela kwisekethe uyasilela ukunika ukusebenza echanekileyo irileyi. Njengoko yaziwa, 'umnyele usenokuba izikhundla ezibini kuphela.

ibandla

Ukuze wenze thermostat ngezandla zenu, ungasebenzisa ibhodi yesekethe ezizodwa, apho yonke le nkqubo iza kuqokelelwa webala. Uyakwazi ukusebenzisa ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo. Ukudla nayiphi na uluhlu 3-15 volts. Le relay kufuneka zikhethwe ngokungqinelana noku.

Iskimu efanayo zingenziwa kwi-akwariyam thermostat ngezandla zabo, kodwa khumbula ukuba kufuneka iqhotyoshelwe ngaphandle iglasi, ngoko akuthethi kuvela iingxaki kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo.

Le relay echazwe-ngentla wabonisa umsebenzi ukuthembeka phezulu kakhulu. Ubushushu igcinwa kwisithuba iqhezu isidanga. Nakuba kunjalo, oku kuxhomekeke ngqo kwi Ukulibaziseka kwexesha kuchaziwe R5C1 ityathanga, kwakunye kubangelwa ukusebenza, ngamanye amandla isifudumezi okanye kupholile. Iqondo lobushushu kunye noluhlu ukuchana resistors yayo nomabi ufakelo ugqibe ukhetho. Ukuba wenze i thermostat ngezandla zakhe, ngoko ke akuyomfuneko ukuba kumisa, kwaye uqala ukusebenza ngoko nangoko.