Indlela yokuqhuba ishishini uxinzelelo fluid. Sinqwenela ukutsalela iziphetho

Ukujongana nengxaki "ingcinezelo ulwelo" qala ngemizekelo Classic ngokuthe ngcembe ugqithele ezinokuntsonkotha zintsonkothe kulo. Kuba isitya zezindlu, ogama udonga ngqongqo nkqo, enye ezantsi tyaba, uxinzelelo hydrostatic le kulwelo wathulula phezu h ukuphakama kwingongoma nganye ngezantsi kuba ingatshintshwanga. Ifomula yokubala le ubungakanani izakuvela njengoko p = rgh, apho r - ezinoxinano kolwelo; g - ukukhawulezisa womxhuzulane; h - ukuphakama kwikholam engamanzi. Ixabiso p kuwo onke amanqaku kwi emazantsi efanayo.

Ukwazisa kwi emazantsi kwindawo impahla olungumgubo S, unokuthi ukwazi ukubala umkhosi xi F. Ekubeni uxinzelelo unamanzi emazantsi umkhumbi zonke kwindawo efanayo, kusengqiqweni ukugqiba beze wokubala F = rghS.

Kulula ukuba uqaphele ukuba kule meko loo mandla xi ukuya emazantsi lilingana ubunzima ulwelo agalelwa isitya zezindlu imilo efanelekileyo. Kubonakala ngathi ngamazwi, kodwa inkcazelo yenzululwazi kunye ubhalo esithi kwifomula F = rghS usebenza iimpahla lweemo ezahlukeneyo kakhulu. Ngamanye amazwi, phantsi amaxabiso efanayo S - ndawo ezantsi kwaye h - ukuphakama kwinqanaba engamanzi soxinzelelo ulwelo kwi emazantsi okufanayo zonke neempahla, kungakhathaliseki ukuba olulungiselela nomthamo isitya ngamnye. Ubunzima engamanzi ngokwenene bawuzalisa zibe iimpahla nayiphi imilo kwaye inokuba zibencinane kwaye mkhulu imikhosi uxinzelelo emazantsi, kodwa uya kusoloko ukwanelisa umthetho ngasentla.

Emva umgaqo esisiseko yemvelo ukuba ukuqinisekisa izigqibo yeengcingane ku umkhuba, Pascal wacebisa ukusebenzisa ifowuni, wamthiya igama lakhe. Eyona iphambili kule divaysi othini lwaso, uvumela ukuba ukulungisa iimpahla iimilo ezahlukeneyo, ecingisisiweyo isinqe. Emazantsi migqomo Yenza angenziwa icinezelwe nxamnye kwipleyiti ezantsi, apho ibekwe phezu kwenye ingalo umqadi eseleyo.

Cwangcisa ubunzima intsimbi ikomityi enye yodwa kwaye uqale ukuba bazalise isitya ngamanzi. Xa uxinzelelo fluid uya usemandleni ngaphezu ubunzima amatye, kulwelo luya kuvula kwipleyiti, yaye oko kuya uthulule kwemfuneko. Ngokulinganisa ukuphakama umhlathi yamanzi, kunokwenzeka ukuba zibale ixabiso lenani soxinzelelo yayo inyanzela emazantsi kunye ubunzima xa kuthelekiswa ne iintsimbi.

Thathela ingqalelo ithuba ukuphumeza imikhosi enkulu ingcinezelo imali encinci amanzi, ukwandisa nje ukuphakama kwamanzi ze kwikholam, kuyenzeka ukuba ukunika ingcaciso ukanti omnye amava umdla, njengoko kuchaziwe yi Pascal.

Ukuze isiciko phezulu caulked imiphanda kakuhle entsha, iyaphuphuma ngamanyondololo ngamanzi, oko saqhotyoshelwa elide apho amanzi agalelwe. Ityhubhu waba icandelo encinane emnqamlezweni, iperi iikomityi zamanzi kwakonele ekuphakamiseni umhlathi yamanzi ukuya ukuphakama enkulu. Ngaxa lithile, a igubu omtsha elungileyo-umgangatho woyisakala qwengile umntwanam. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba inani ulwelo zizaliswe, oko kukuthi ikholam yamanzi kwandise uxinzelelo ezantsi umphanda. Ngenxa yoko, imali ebalulekileyo amandla ezakhokelela komsipha kwisikhongozeli zadalwa.

Umahluko ubunzima yokwenene imikhosi uxinzelelo unamanzi emazantsi isitya ngenxa lisisiqalo ngamandla, nto leyo ebangela uxinzelelo fluid kwi eludongeni inqanawa. Loo ukutyekela emithanjeni kukhokelela yokuba lo xi ngqo mhlawumbi phezulu okanye ezantsi, ngokulandelelanayo, kwaze oko kwakhokelela kwinkqubo kuvuselele.

Silahla ukuba i ukuvala wobomi ivavanywa xi fluid phezulu. Amava umdla ingenziwa ngokuthi lunghiselela ufakelo elula. It fixedly kufuneka zibambene kwi piston ukubeka lombhobho, leyo ludlulele ityhubhu inyuselwa nkqo. Bathele amanzi ngokusebenzisa ityhubhu, njengoko ngokuzalisa isithuba ngaphezu piston kukhokelela baphakamise njengesilinda.

Ukushwankathela, ingqiqo ka "Ingcinezelo" inokuchazwa lulwahlulo amandla emela aa Incopho kumphezulu ngokunxulumene kwindawo yayo. ixabiso xi Abangatshatanga ulingana Pascal omnye (1 Pa) kunye nezenzo ezihambisana yomkhosi enye Newton (N 1) imitha square (1 m) nganye.

Ngokutsho koMthetho UPascal kaThixo, uxinzelelo ezifunyanwa kulwelo (irhasi) ithunyelwe ayitshintshanga ukusa kwinqanaba ngalinye umthamo ulwelo (gas). uxinzelelo fluid eyiyo (irhasi) iyafana ubude ethile. Ngobunzulu inyuswe.