Imisele device esidi

Ubunjalo Ukuphuculwa eyadini yendlu yabucala okanye indawo ipoma akwenzeki ngaphandle inkqubo yokukhupha amanzi, ingakumbi ukuba zifumaneka kwiindawo apho imvula amanzi avareji okanye komhlaba eze kufutshane kumphezulu ngasentla. ukufuma excess - ayikho kuphela izadunge ngodaka rhoqo, kodwa ingxaki enkulu iziseko zezakhiwo.

Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha ntoni na isixhobo se yamanzi yenkalo okanye eyadini indlu yangasese ipoma. Ukongeza, siza kujonga Ziziphi iintlobo zezakhiwo yamanzi nokuba kungakanani lubekelwe ukuxhobisa isikhululo ne nkqubo.

Yintoni inkqubo yemibhobho ehambisa

Esidi (yamanzi) inkqubo - a amajelo emoyeni okanye ngaphantsi ezintsonkothileyo eyenzelwe kususwa ukufuma kwemfuneko. Ngamanye amazwi, yinto amanzi esidalwe ngumntu, apho amanzi equlethwe umphezulu komhlaba okanye ngaphakathi kubhaliwe ofakwe ngaphandle kuluhlu kwangaphambili. Kwi idreyini ubuxoki ezintathu kuphela iinjongo eziphambili:

• ukuncitshiswa kwinqanaba eyenzelwe komhlaba ixabiso;
• ukuqokelelwa kunye nokususwa kwamanzi anyibilike;
• ukuqokelelwa kunye kutsalwe amanzi, nto leyo wabonakala ngenxa lweepateni kwemvula ixesha elide.

Ngoko kufuneka umsele

Ukuba uhlala kummandla efudumeleyo apho ikhephu - inqabile kakhulu, imvula hamba amaxesha 2-3 ngonyaka, yaye amanzi komhlaba zibekwe kubunzulu yeemitha 50, isixhobo semibhobho ukuba nantoni na. Kodwa ke ukuba endlwini yakho okanye encinane akhiwe ezinezinga embindini, apho ikhephu ebusika nasentlakohlaza kunye yasekwindla nemvula, ukwenza ngaphandle kwabo. Kwaye kuphela ukuba fuma ngokugqithiseleyo kudala ezinye inkxamleko, yaye hayi indlela engcono kuchaphazela izityalo ezikhula kule sayithi. Amanzi lingena singene iintanda esisisiseko ekhaya ngumkhenkce, ukwandisa waza ngokwenjenjalo wayonakalisayo isiseko ngesakhiwo. amanzi osezantsi, masisondele kwindawo liphantsi isiseko nga negalelo ukunqamka emhlabeni phantsi kwayo, yaye oku kukhokhelela ekufuneni imbonakalo neentanda ezindongeni zezakhiwo.

Ngokutsho nakwiimfuno zesiKhokelo ukuba uyilo kunye imisele yifowuni (2000), isixhobo yamanzi mandatory:

• esetyenziselwa izakhiwo ingontsi ibekwe ngezantsi omhlaba ubalwe kwakunye xa edlula umgangatho ngaphezu kwayo angaphantsi ubuncinane iimitha ezi-5;
• izakhiwo wangcwatyelwa ezisetyenziswa emhlabeni obambe udongwe kunye, nokuba kwinqanaba aphantsi komhlaba;
• underground zobugcisa (kwigumbi elingaphantsi) Ukuphucula kumhlaba obambe udongwe kwaye angcwatywe neemitha ngaphezu kwe-1.5, kungakhathaliseki kwinqanaba aphantsi komhlaba;
• zonke izakhiwo kunye namaziko, apho zifumaneka kwiindawo ukufuma capillary, ukuba asetyenziswa kwiimeko ukufuma kunye lobushushu ngqwabalala.

Uyintoni na ukubalwa inkqubo yemibhobho

yamanzi Device kunye esitshi kwenziwa ngokususela kwidatha:

• iimpawu zomhlaba kwaye ubume bomhlaba;
• isixa avareji amanzi kwenze nje;
• indawo level komhlaba kuxhomekeka kwixesha lonyaka.

Fumana ulwazi malunga ibe Ajika isicelo kwisebe (division) yommandla womhlaba (zesithili).

Types of sokuhambisa

Icebo le yamanzi kunye nokutsalwa kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa iintlobo ezintathu zezakhiwo:

• vula;
• esekhusini;
• Ukutshaja.

Ngalinye izakhiwo kwiimeko ezithile, ungakwazi ukumelana ekurhoxisweni ukufuma kwemfuneko ngempumelelo.

yamanzi evulekileyo

Izixhobo yamanzi evulekileyo - uhlobo ilula kwaye iqhelekileyo station yokomisa. Into ephambili idreyini - Amajelo avulekileyo (umngxuma) wemba kujikelezo. Kaninzi babe ububanzi 0.5 m wemba ukuba ubunzulu 0.6-0.7 m. Umsele elintlangothi shwaka kwi-engile degrees 30 ukuya amanzi kube lula ukungena.

amanzi inkunkuma ubuthe kwisiphaluka umphezulu offtake yayo eyele emdaka, leyo ovelisa ukuba off-site kwi umsele echibini eyenzelwe ngokukodwa okanye amdaka uqhwithela engundoqo.

ngalinye iindonga channel baqiniswa ngokusebenzisa izitena okanye eziphathekayo. Endaweni yezi zinto odidi zisetyenziswa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo mihla - nezithetyana zaso, eyenziwe ngekhonkrithi okanye iplastiki. Ukuze ukuba ijelo elisetyenziswa hayi amasebe, amagqabi, amatye, ngamanye amaxesha phezu kwayo igutyungelwe i imivalo ubungakanani ngokufanelekileyo got.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba nkqubo umsele ngenxa isakhiwo azinakho ingasetyenziswa ukuthoba izinga komhlaba. Yeyokuba isebenza kuphela ukuba kwamanzi, ukunisa kwi ifomu ye kwezulu, kunye neendawo akhiwe ethambekeni.

Ixabiso le-nkqubo isixhobo yemibhobho ehambisa ivulekileyo engephi. Ukwakhiwa loo isakhiwo ngaphandle iindleko yoyilo linjani 1000-1200 engange imitha nganye.

ehamba lokulawula amanzi

Ukuba omhlaba lisondele kakhulu kwamanzi, simse ngumbutho amanzi lohlobo ezivaliweyo. nokuma kwawo unika ngokubekwa inkqubo imisele m 0.3-0.4 ububanzi kubunzulu ka-1.5 m. Yaye wemba kwindawo imibono ngendlela imithombo yamanzi. yokuhambisa amanzi ezivaliweyo amajelo ngaphandle amalungiselelo ecaleni kwebala, yaye ngokuqhelekileyo inikeza iindlela zangaphakathi zilahlwe emhlabeni aninasabelo ngohlobo herringbone.

Emazantsi umsele ngamnye kulo lonke ubude maleko wokuqala kwentlabathi izele, kwaye - emva kokuba umaleko ingqushu. On top of le "umqamelo" imibhobho yokuhambisa amanzi ezizodwa babekwa, bujikelwe geotextile. tube Top kugcwele inkunkuma kwakhona elikhulu ezenza eliphezulu amanzi ngokuzala umaleko. Ugqibezela uyilo lomhlaba okanye Turf ibhola.

Yintoni drainpipe

De kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo imibhobho yamanzi eyenziwe asbestos-zesamente okanye yodongwe. Ngokwendalo, uyilo inkqubo yemibhobho ehambisa efunekayo utyalo ebalulekileyo, awaba nako kusoloko kwenziwa bebodwa. Namhlanje, yonke into lula kakhulu. zokwakha seplastiki phantse indawo asbestos kunye neseramikhi. umbhobho Modern ngokuba semibhobho - yinto efunekayo ethembekileyo ixesha elide, ngokulula bakhwela wazilungisa.

On sale uyakwazi ukufumana iintlobo ezimbini yemibhobho: zeplastiki eziqhelekileyo tubing kunye yenyuka. Le yokugqibela eqinile ngakumbi ngenxa yokusetyenziswa stiffeners.

Imibhobho esidi zibekwe kwintlabathi, onodongwe okanye osisivunda komhlaba, phambi kokuba ibandla kunye geotextile isongiwe. Oku kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba kweengqakumbana zomhlaba musa ingathintela Ekungeneni apho ukufuma Amagqabi. Ngamanye amazwi, icebo lokucoca geotextile ezisebenza umsebenzi oluthile.

Iindleko Ulwakhiwo lwenkqubo yokuhambisa amanzi evaliweyo iphezulu kakhulu. Kukho imitha nganye kuya kufuneka ukuba uhlawule 1500-2000 engange. isixhobo semibhobho Estimate lukwaquka umbhobho iindleko kunye geotextiles. I-avareji yeendleko imitha ipipi 40 engange nganye, lo gama i-geotextile - engange-30 / m. n. Ukwakhiwa ubunzulu emhadini-3 kanye ububanzi yexabiso imitha 1 malunga 400 lamawaka. engange.

yamanzi Charging

Iyunithi ye uhlelo lokulawula amanzi kwisiza ngezandla zakhe lufezeke ngcono ngokusebenzisa isixokelelwano semibhobho ukugcwaliswa. Ngokwemo, oko olwahlukileyo ivaliwe kangangokuba akukho nto ukusebenzisa nawuphi na umbhobho. indima yabo lwenziwa yi uhlalutye enkulu okanye izitena ezaphukileyo. maleko Top - izohlwayo livithi Turf. Ubunzulu emingxunyeni kunye nendawo imiphantsi ziyafana naleyo kutsalwe ezivaliweyo.

Amanzi percolating ukusuka kumphezulu emhadini okanye ukuvuka ukusuka kumgangatho osezantsi, engena ijelo ngokubhekiswa obliquely kwicala idreyini kakuhle. Ngenxa yokuba phakathi inkunkuma enkulu baseka isithuba simahla, amanzi akuthethi ukuhlangabezana phantse ngendlela yayo kunye akukho ukuxhathisa, ngoko nokusebenza kwenkqubo sesixokelelwano engabumbeki lwemijelo ivaliwe. Kodwa amaxabiso uhlobo isixhobo ezike inkqubo yemibhobho ehambisa usezantsi kakhulu kuba aliquki iindleko geotextiles, imibhobho kunye wazifaka.

yokuhambisa amanzi lokubiyela izakhiwo

Ukuba kufunyaniswa ukuba amanzi omhlaba lisondele kakhulu kumphezulu womhlaba kule ndawo, kubalulekile ukucinga lombutho kutsalwe kufuphi-eludongeni. Oku kuza kunceda ekukhuseleni imisebenzi isiseko kwemfundo laqhekeka kunye ukunqamka phantsi. Ke kaloku, kwinqanaba amanzi aphantsi komhlaba malunga kumiselwa ngokulinganisa umgama ukusuka wobuso amanzi equleni eqhelekileyo. Musa ukulibala ukuba ukuthatha ingqalelo ngexesha elifanayo ukuba isantya entwasahlobo qiniseka ukuba ivuke ngenxa meltwater.

Esidi system isixhobo emvula kwasekusekweni sakhiwo iqala kwinkcazelo ungamngcwabi ingongoma emazantsi ayo. Ngamanye amagama, kufuneka siyazi indlela enzulu isiseko ingena emhlabeni. inkqubo lokulawula amanzi Kucetyiswa ukuba kubunzulu ubuncinane 0.5 m ukusuka ezantsi kwindawo kwesiseko yokwakha. Kuphela kulo mzekelo, komhlaba uphumile phambi kokuba beze isiseko.

Icebo Inkqubo yokukhupha amanzi ngeenxa zonke endlwini iqala ngokwemba imingxuma ecaleni kwebala kumgama 0.5-0.7 m ukusuka eludongeni. Ngoko ke ukuba amanzi angaxingi, namajelo kufuneka ukuba icala elithile bejonge lilungiselelo imithombo yamanzi. Ukuba isayithi sele umsele, lungisa kutsalwe nga kusiwa kuyo.

inkqubo yemibhobho isiseko yakhiwe kwi kumgaqo kutsalwe amanzi ehamba, r. f. ukusetyenziswa kwemibhobho ezikhethekileyo tubing crocked ngo geotextiles.

Ukukhusela isiseko izakhiwo alanelanga nje ukuba usebenzise ukuhamba kwamanzi. Kufuneka ukongeza kuyo kufuneka mayixhotyiswe amdaka nakumsele wamanzi apho buyisela amanzi aba livnevki. Ngelo xesha ukudibanisa iinkqubo ezimbini kulo naliphi na ityala akunakwenzeka, kuya kukhokelela nomkhwezeli. Kwimeko isixa esikhulu kwezulu sesixokelelwano ngokulula ukumelana nale ngxaki, nto leyo eya kubangela ukuba ingeniso-ilele umhlaba ngeenxa isiseko.

ingathatha yokubala

Ukusebenza ukuphambukiswa amanzi iziseko kunye nesayithi xa lulonke luxhomekeke kakhulu umbutho eyiyo ithambeka, ngcono i aphezulu kangakanani,. kufuneka ibe yintoni na icala? Ixabiso ubuncinane nganye yale ubukhulu for kwimihlaba onodongwe ngu-2 mm, ngelixa kulungiselelwa sandy - 3 mm inkqubo imitha yomgama nganye. Kodwa practice, kaninzi yenziwe kwithambeka 5-7 mm ngemitha nganye. Kuba izibalo zalo bethatyathwe yonke ubude kutsalwe, ukusukela kwindawo eliphezulu size some equleni. Ukuba, umzekelo, ubude balo 20 eemitha, lo ubuncinane ebalwa ithambeka kufuneka 0.4 m, kwaye aluncedo - 1-1.5 m.

kwiimpazamo eziqhelekileyo isixhobo yamanzi

Le mpazamo zilandelayo rhoqo kuvunyelwe ulwakhiwo nokufunxa:

• isixhobo esidi inkqubo yemibhobho ehambisa umda-free;
• ukusetyenziswa ngemibhobho esidi geotextile osuka kwi osisivunda lomhlaba intlabathi okanye udongwe;
• sebenzisa ngokuyila yamanzi endaweni kumanqanaba ulwelo kunye ukulungelelaniswa theodolite;
• ufakelo livnestochnyh yemithombo yamanzi endaweni.