Imisebenzi yendalo: imbono, imigaqo kunye neenjongo

Abantu banamhlanje abakwazi ukucinga ubomi ngaphandle kwempumelelo yenkqubela phambili yesayensi kunye nezobuchwepheshe, kodwa akusiyo yonke into eqonda ukuba okwangoku zonke ezi mpu melelo ziye zavusa ukuvela kwemeko engqongileyo engqongileyo. Ukuphuhliswa rhoqo kwamandla okuvelisa ngaphandle kokuqwalasela impembelelo engcolileyo yeyiphi na isenzo salo kwindalo, kunye nokuqhubeka nokuphinda inzuzo enkulu, kukhokelela ekubeni imithombo yendalo yemvelo yayiphelile, i-atmospheric Earth yaba yinto engcolileyo, ininzi yezilwanyana nezilwanyana zaphela , Kunye nezinye iingxaki. Kungenxa yeso sizathu ukuba izinto zendalo zenzeke ukuba uzame ukugcina ibhalansi ngokubanzi.

Yiyiphi ingxaki?

Ingxaki engqongileyo yimeko enzulu yobundlobongela phakathi kwendalo kunye nomntu, obonakaliswa ukungabikho kweenkcukacha zobudlelwane bokuvelisa kunye nemikhosi evelisayo kwimimandla yoluntu kunye nemithombo yendalo yezinto eziphilayo. Ngexesha elifanayo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ngokuchanekileyo ukuba le yinto eguquguqukayo, kwaye njengelinye iqela elisebenzayo umntu wenza apha njengoko anokukhusela ukuvela kwintlekele yezinto eziphilayo, kwaye kule njongo kukho umsebenzi wokusingqongileyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngexesha lokuphila kweplanethi yethu, iintlungu zendalo zenzeke ngokuphindaphindiweyo.

Uyintoni na?

Inkxalabo ibonisa izigaba ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso lwezinto eziphilayo zeplanethi yethu, apho kuhlaziywa khona izinto eziphilayo (xa ezinye iintlobo zifa kunye nezinye zivela). Isingqinisiso samanje senkqubela yezinto eziphilayo ezichaphazela uluntu lwabantu banamhlanje sidibaniswa nosongelo lokungcoliseka komhlaba, okuvela ngenxa yokuba abaphuliyo abanalo ithuba okanye abanalo ixesha lokuhlanjululwa kwezinto eziphilayo kuzo zonke izixhobo ezinokuthi zifike kuyo. Imisebenzi yokukhuselwa kwendalo yenzelwe ukunciphisa imiphumo yokungcola kunye nokulawula nokulawula oko kwenzekayo.

Iingcamango ezisisiseko

Kukho iingcamango ezininzi malunga nokukhuselwa kwendalo. Ngaloo ndlela, umsebenzi wokukhusela uluntu unokutolika ezininzi:

• Imisebenzi ejoliswe ekulondolozeni inkqubo yokuxhasa uluntu jikelele.
• Iimeko ezinzima zengingqi, zombuso, ezopolitiko, ezobuchwephesha, ezobugcisa, zengingqi kunye noluntu ngokubhekiselele ekusebenziseni ngokulinganayo, ukulondolozwa nokuveliswa kwakhona kohlobo lweplanethi yethu, kunye nesithuba esingaphandle kwayo, esenziwa kwiminqweno yezizukulwana ezikhoyo nezizayo.
• Inzululwazi edibeneyo, eyenza iziqulatho eziqhelekileyo kunye nezindlela zokulondoloza, kunye nokubuyiswa kwakhona kwemithombo yendalo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imbono "yokukhuselwa kwendalo" kunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nombono "wokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo", equka isicwangciso semilinganiselo ejoliswe ekukhuselekeni kwendalo nemeko yentlalo yomntu.

Njengenye yezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu ekuphunyezweni kwemisebenzi enjalo kukusetyenziswa okusemgangathweni kwemithombo yendalo. Ngamanye amazwi, inkqubo enjalo yenkqubo isetyenzisiweyo, injongo ephambili yokuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwemithombo yendalo, kunye nokulawulwa kolawulo lwazo, ngokubhekiselele kwiminqweno yexesha elide loqoqosho oluphuhlisayo kunye nokulondolozwa kwempilo yabantu.

Imigaqo jikelele

Umsebenzi wokukhusela uluntu lwamashishini kunye noluntu oluhlukeneyo lusekelwe kwiziganeko ezithile, ezinokuhlukaniswa zibe yimigaqo emiselweyo:

• Ukufunda ngokujulile kuzo zonke iinjongo kunye neenkqubo ezibonakalisa inkqubo ethile yemvelo, kwakunye nokubanzi kwezi nkqubo kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwakhona kweepatheni ezivulekileyo.
  
  Abantu abaninzi bayazi ukuba kwi-biosphere zonke izilwanyana zinomnxibelelwano owanelisayo phakathi kwabo, ngenxa yokuba nayiphi na utshintsho kwimimiselo ye-imvelo ekugqibeleni ikhokelela kwimimoramorphos eyahlukeneyo, leyo ngenxa yehlabathi, ingaba yinto engenakuphikiswa. Kungenxa yoko, xa imisebenzi yezemvelo yamashishini ihlelwe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba kusekelwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo oluqhutywe.

• Ukufumana iindlela zokubuyisela izixhobo zamachiza kumjikelezo wendalo.
  
  Lo mgaqo uncike ngokupheleleyo kumthetho wolondolozo lwezinto, kuba akukho nto ivela kwizinto kwaye ayikwazi ukuphela ngaphandle kokulandelwa. Ngokumalunga nalokhu, kwinkqubo yokudala nayiphi na into emitsha yamakhemikhali, ukuguqulwa kwezinto ezinokuthi zibe ngamanye amaqumrhu angakwazi ukuguqula izinto ezinobunzima bezinto eziphilayo zendalo.
  
  Ukuphuhliswa kwemisebenzi yokusingqongileyo kubangelwa kukuba kwinkqubo yokukhuphisana ezininzi izinto ezibonakalayo ezingabonakaliyo yonke indawo yendalo, kwaye ngokubhekiselele, oku kubhekisela kumatshini okucoca, i-rubber nabanye. Konke oku kukhokelela ekubeni inxalenye yee-athomu zeempawu zamakhemikhali ezihlukeneyo ayifaki emjikelezweni wendalo, obangela umonakalo omkhulu kwimvelo.

• Ukunika ingxelo ngeendleko zamandla ezifunekayo ekuphunyezweni komsebenzi othile, kunye nokufumaneka kokungabikho okungafunekiyo kwimeko yangaphandle.
  
  Iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zalo mgaqo zihambelana nokubonakaliswa okusemthethweni komthetho wolondolozo wamandla, oko kukuthi, umntu akanakuncedo xa engenzi iindleko ezithile, kwaye nokuba umntu akaqwalaselanga ukuba inxalenye ethile yamandla asetyenzisiweyo ingasasazeka kwimimandla ngenxa yokushisa kunye neminye imisebe. Kungenxa yesi sizathu sokuba kwinkqubo yokucwangcisa nokuqhubekayo ekujoliswe ekukhuseleni ubunjani, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba kuphunyezwe ngokuphumelelayo iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokuvelisa ngokuhambelana nemimiselo yokuqhuba imisebenzi yezobuchwepheshe eqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwendalo.

• Ukuphendula ngokulandelelana kweendlela ezahlukeneyo, iindlela zendalo, iimpawu ezizimeleyo zezinto eziphilayo, i-biogeochemical kunye neenkqubo zendalo, kokubili ngokucacileyo kunye nokuphuhliswa ngexesha lokuphuhliswa kwemvelo.
  
  Imisebenzi yokusingqongileyo yaseRashiya nakwamanye amazwe ehlabathi, ngokuhambelana nalo mgaqo, akuboneleli nje ngokufunda ngokujulile nangokubanzi malunga neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemvelo, kodwa kunye nokubalwa kwamaphepha, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamaphetheni avulekileyo ekuphunyezweni kwemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yendalo kunye neminye imisebenzi.

Iinjongo

Imisebenzi yokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo iinjongo zilandelayo:

• Ukubonelela ngeendawo zentsebenziswano yezolimo kunye nezoshishino kule nqanaba ukwenzela ukufezekisa umonakalo omkhulu kummandla;
• Umbutho wokusebenza kwamashishini ahlukeneyo ukwenzela ukuba umsebenzi wabo ubangele ukulimala kancinci kumntu kunye neenkqubo zendalo;
• Ummiselo wokusetyenziswa kwamandla okwenyama kunye nezinto eziphathekayo ukwenzela ukwandisa ukusebenza kwabo kwezoqoqosho, kunye nokunyusa impembelelo enhle kuluntu;
• Ukulondolozwa kwezinto zonke eziphawulekayo okanye eziqhelekileyo eziphilayo kunye nokungapheliyo ngokudalwa kweendawo zokugcina, iindawo zokugcina okanye amapaki ahlukeneyo kazwelonke;
• Ukuthatha isethi yemisebenzi ejolise ekuhleleni ukuzonwabisa ngokuqhelaniseka kwemvelo, kunye nokukhusela impilo yoluntu.

Kuqinisekiswa njani oku?

Ukukhuselwa kwezilwanyana kuququzelelwe ngokuphunyezwa kwenani lamanyathelo okukhusela nokusebenzayo, onke ayenelungelo elifanelekileyo. Imisebenzi yokukhuselwa kwendalo ngendlela yokukhusela isistim semisebenzi esivumela ukudala imeko efanelekileyo yokugcina umlinganiselo wemvelo kwindawo ethile. Njengomzekelo wemisebenzi enjalo kunokwenzeka ukuba ungabonakali ulondolozo lwemvelo yemvelo, inzululwazi enomdla okanye i-biocenoses nje ebalulekileyo, kunye nezityalo kunye nezilwanyana ezahlukeneyo.

Amanyathelo asebenzayo kukukhuthazwa kwemisebenzi yokukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nokuphunyezwa kwenani lezenzo ezijoliswe ekupheliseni imiphumo yefuthe lomntu ongeyiphi na inkqubo yendalo yendalo. Ngokukodwa, oku kubandakanya ukulawulwa kwezinto ezichaphazelekayo ezichaphazela isitya somhlaba we-Ocean World, kunye nezinto ezizimeleyo ze-hydrosphere kunye nezibonelelo zomhlaba. Ukongezelela, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwa ekuphuhlisweni kobuchwepheshe bokuphunyezwa kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso kunye nokuguqulwa kweenkqubo eziphilayo eziza kubakho izityalo kwaye ziza kubangela izimo ezingcono kubantu.

Uqoqosho kunye nezomthetho

Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo yinjongo ephambili eyenziwa ngumsebenzi wokukhusela uluntu. Iintlobo zezinto ezinjalo, zonke ngaphandle kokunye, zijoliswe ekukhuseleni izizukulwana zamanje nezizayo ezichaphazela ummandla onokuyingozi kwimpilo ngenxa yokungcola ngokwemvelo ngenxa yezenzo zabantu okanye iintlekele zemvelo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba eRussia, umbutho wezinto ezendalo yendalo yinto ebalulekileyo yecandelo loluntu ukhuseleko.

Ukhuseleko loqoqosho

Ukubonelela okunjalo kukunyusa ukukhutshwa okupheleleyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo ezahlukeneyo zendalo kunye neendleko ezincinci zezabasebenzi kunye nezinto eziphathekayo, ngokuqwalasela iindleko ezifunekayo ukuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwendalo, kunye noluntu lwendalo. Kule meko, ukubala kweendleko kubandakanya iindleko zokucinywa kunye nokucwangciswa kwezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo kunye nokuveliswa kwemveliso egqityiweyo, ukubuyiswa kwezinto eziphilayo zendalo, kunye nempilo yabantu, nefuthe elibi kummandla ngenxa yokungcola kwayo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, inzuzo esheshayo ayihlawuli ngeendleko ezongezelelweyo.

Iimpawu zokukhuselwa kwendalo e-Russia

Kwimithetho yangoku, isiseko somgaqo-nkqubo wezemvelo siquka le migaqo elandelayo:

• Njengento ephambili ephambili, ukhuselo lwempilo yabantu kunye nobomi, kunye nokubonelelwa kweemeko eziphathekayo kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo zabasebenzi, ubomi kunye nokuzonwabisa kwabantu;
• Izulululwazi oluvakalayo, ukudibanisa imimandla yoluntu kunye nezoqoqosho kwimimandla yoluntu enokubonelela ngokuqinisekileyo ngamalungelo oluntu kwimvelo yendalo eya kuba yempilweni kwaye iphile ngokusemandleni;
• Ukusetyenziswa ngokulinganayo kwanoma yiphina imithombo yendalo;
• Ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yomthetho okhoyo ongqongileyo kunye naluphi na ukuphulwa kwendalo;
• Ukupapashwa komsebenzi weliphi na imizimba ejongene nemicimbi yokusingqongileyo, kunye nokuxhumana okufutshane noluntu kunye noluntu ekuxazululeni nayiphi na imisebenzi enxulumene nokukhuselwa kwendalo;
• Ukusebenzisana namanye amazwe kwindawo yokukhuselwa kwendalo.

Imigangatho yomthetho

Ukongeza kwinto yokuba umthetho unquma ilungelo lomntu wonke ukuba aphile kwindawo ephilileyo kunye nempilo, ukhuselo lwendalo ngumbandela luya kumkhathaza, oko kukuthi, kufuneka agcine umgangatho ofanelekileyo wale ndawo kwaye ayikhusele ngendlela efikelelekayo. Ilungelo lokusingqongileyo eliqinisekileyo liqinisekiswa ngokulawulwa kwe-state phezu komgangatho wendalo nendalo, kunye nokuthotyelwa komthetho osemgangathweni. Enye yeendlela ezibalulekileyo zokulondoloza imo-mango kukuphunyezwa kwemfundo engqongileyo, kunye nemfundo efanelekileyo yomntu ngamnye, kwaye ngoku kukodwa oku kusebenza kwisizukulwana esincinane.

Umthetho uchaza iinjongo eziphambili zemisebenzi yendalo yengingqi, inkqubo yoqoqosho ekuphunyezweni kwayo, kunye nokumgangatho wobume bezemvelo, isicwangciso sokuqhuba iimviwo ezifanelekileyo kunye neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zemeko yamashishini asele asebenzayo.