Imiphumo imilinganiselo kumntu: amanqanaba inkqubo, amaxwebhu

October 1, 2015 yaba sisiganeko mthetho enika ithemba isisombululo kakuhle le meko kuba abemi abazibona kwiimeko zemali nzima - weza ukusebenza kwi-Federal Law of 29.12.2014, № 476-FZ "On Izilungiso uMthetho Federal" On Insolvency (wokuphelelwa) "(apha - uMthetho). Ngokuphathelele ezi tshintsho abemi abangengabo oosomashishini ngamnye, ufumene ilungelo ukubhengeza ngokwabo, phantsi kweemeko ezithile, awile. Imilinganiselo ye umntu ekujongwe ukukhuthaza nempumelelo kwaye, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, ugunyaziso lomthetho kuxhaphakile kakhulu kwi imeko namhlanje, xa amandla iimeko onetyala engenako ukuhlawula mboleko omnye okanye ngaphezulu. Kodwa ngaba inkqubo ezilula yimali, yaye ziziphi iziphumo ngokwenene imilinganiselo kumntu?

Ngubani zingabhengezwa yayiwa

ekuqaleni inkqubo bemithetho ungonakala kubemi wakhawulwa njengendlela efikelelekayo yokusombulula iingxaki zemali. Kodwa cinga ungonakala nje indlela elula lokuyigxotha le kwityala kwiziko lamatyala, bekuya kuba yinto ephosakeleyo. Okokuqala, kufuneka icaciswe ukuba asizizo zonke isicelo yimali abantu emzimbeni ziya kwamkelwa yaye kuqwalaselwa yinkundla. Ngokungqinelana ne-Federal uMthetho, onetyala, ekuqaleni inkqubo ungonakala kufuneka ihlawulwe kwi-mboleko iinyanga ezintathu nangona yokuba mboleko okanye imali iyonke - 500 amawaka engange kunye nangaphezulu. Ngaphezu koko, kwinqanaba bokufakwa kwesicelo ukungqina ukungaphumeleli onetyala, ukutsho oko ukusilela zokunika mboleko ngokwabo.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, le elizayo kuza kufuneka unike ongenamali exhaswa yi ingcaciso ebhalwe ngayo imali, ingeniso, impahla ophethwe njengobungqina ungafaneleki yabo.

Ngubani oqala ungonakala kumntu

Ukongeza sokuboleka ukuba isicelo bankruptcy inokuba umbutho ngokwayo otyalwayo. Ukuba amatyala eziliqela, uqaphela umntu ongenamali kunokwenzeka kuphela kwimeko ingenakwenzeka ingundoqo ukuhlawula ityala, kodwa phantsi komqathango wokuba ityala ukuya kwenye abatyalwayo ze sisuke yayiya ithuba ukuzalisekisa ezinye iimbopheleleko zemali.

Kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo, i-declaration ka imilinganiselo ye umntu angafaka uhlolo werhafu.

ukuba uzakuyiqala ngaphi zingekho. kwabantu emzimbeni

Ingaba uqale njani imilinganiselo ngabanye? Lo mkhwa weenkqubo ezinjalo namhlanje ayinkulwanga ngokwaneleyo, kodwa sele kunokwenzeka ukuba uqaphele ukuba siyabhanga - ". Elide yaye kubize" a

Onke amatyala ungonakala abantu kwakunye oosomashishini zoshishino ingqalelo kwinkundla kulamlo lokugqibela. Ngokomthetho, umisele ukuya kwiinyanga ezintathu, ngexesha apho inkundla ukubeka imilinganiselo yabantu ngabanye. Practice ibonisa ukuba inkqubo Ungatsala kwi iinyanga ezininzi ngenxa yezi meko.

Ukongeza, inkqubo imilinganiselo ngokwawo awukwazi ukufikelela ukuba wonke. Ukongeza kwimirhumo kwinkundla mandatory kunye nentlawulo umsebenzi igqwetha, onetyala kuya kufuneka ukuba ahlawule iinkonzo zolawulo lwemali.

Ngoko ke, xa imilinganiselo sele kunqandwa ngabantu, imfundiso apho ukuqalisa inkqubo ukuqondwa zilandelayo yayiwa:

• Nayiphi na inkqubo yomthetho iqala indlela efanayo - kunye nokufakwa kwesicelo. Xa isicelo bankruptcy kufuneka ukhankanye meko zilandelayo.
• Isixa kwamatyala kunye inkcazelo eneenkcukacha onke amacandelo (imali-mboleko, inzala, ingeniso yerhafu, amatyala kwi imali yezinkonzo, njalo njalo).
• Qaphela ukuba lo mntu ayikho entrepreneur ngamnye - kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa isiqinisekiso esivela kwiofisi yerhafu.
• Qaphela ukuba yonke imali zaye zathathwa ngetyala ezi hayi iinjongo zoshishino.
• Inkcazelo impahla ezikhoyo - kufuneka kwakhona qhoboshela amaxwebhu axhasayo. Bankruptcy abantu emzimbeni kufuneka ukhankanye ulwazi kwingeniso ezikhoyo sokuboleka ngalo mzuzu, kunye neendleko engaphephekiyo.
• Idatha kwi abaxhomekeke (umzekelo, abantwana abaselula baloo onetyala).

Kwakhona, amagqwetha kucetyiswa ukuchaza ngokweenkcukacha kwingxelo (ukuba kukho iimeko ezinjalo): ukuncitshiswa yengqesho, ukukhubazeka (ukufumana ukukhubazeka) kunye nezinye izinto ezibangela kukwehla imeko yemali. Kakade ke, ezi zibakala kufuneka kwakhona kuqinisekiswa yi amaxwebhu afanelekileyo. Kuba ungonakala kumntu kubalulekile ukuba siqwalasele zonke iimeko apho umntu onetyala engenako ukuhlawula zonke izibophelelo ngetyala.

umntu Natural, iqala inkqubo yimali, kufuneka uthathe unonophelo ubungqina obubhaliweyo isikhundla sakhe zemali yaseXhora. Ngoko ke, ukwenzela ukuba bakuthathele ingqalelo zonke iinkcukacha, ingakumbi iimeko ubabalo onetyala, icebiso ephambili - musa sinayo iinkonzo igqwetha.

Inqanaba elilandelayo, nto leyo ethatha indawo kwi ungonakala abantu emzimbeni - inkundla uya kumisela kwezezimali. Zonke ziyafumaneka abatyalwayo ukususela ngoku wathumela isaziso ngokusesikweni ekuqaleni imveliso ye zingekho., ukuba ubanike ixesha kunye nethuba lokuba nokukhuthaza iimfuno ngetyala.

Financial (zokhuphiswano) ulawulo

Komnye umntu othatha inxaxheba imilinganiselo - iGosa Financial.

angenele yakhe ingeniswe enkundleni isicelo sokweletwayo. Eyona Umsebenzi yolawulo - ngokutsha lwetyala. Kodwa ke, ukongezelela, umphathi-mali ube uhlalutyo injongo uze unike ingcaciso umbolekisi imisebenzi yezoqoqosho, zemali kunye notyalomali onetyala. Ngokubanzi, amagunya zolawulo-mali kuphela. Kukho omnye msebenzi ubalulekileyo - ukuvala amathuba fiktovnogo okanye ungonakala ngabom. Ekubeni injongo kolawulo, zonke iintengiselwano ezilawulwa yi onetyala. Nayiphi na kubo, kuquka loo mnikelo kufuneka singavunywanga ngumphathi zemali.

kuya kufuneka iinkonzo zemali (kukhuphiswano) nokulawula unetyala ukuba ahlawule epokothweni. Iindleko kweenkonzo eyeyomzuzwana - ukususela engange-10 000 ngenyanga nganye. Plus, emva kokugqitywa kwenkqubo yimali, ulawulo ifumana-2% yemali eseleyo. Ahlawule le ndleko - imbopheleleko onetyala.

Indlela yokusombulula le ngxaki kunye iikhredithi: ngokutsha, isivumelwano ityala, ekuqondeni impahla

Citizen inkqubo ingqalelo kwelo zingaquka ezi nkqubo zilandelayo:

• ngokutsha kwetyala.
• Intengiso abanamatyala ukuba ahlawule (okanye ulwaneliseko ngokuyinxenye) engahlawulwanga.
• isivumelwano Ukuhlaliswa ezivunywe yinkundla.

Le yokugqibela kunokwenzeka ngokupheleleyo, ke, ayisoloko ngesandla phakathi kwamaqela mboleko ukuze beze kuye. Le mvumelwano kungenziwa kuphela emva kokuba anelisekile ngokupheleleyo iimfuno yowokuqala, kwaye emva kokuba Inqanaba lesibini babatyalayo.

Isisombululo iqhelekileyo kwingxaki ityala na ngokutsha kwamatyala , kunye (okanye) ekuthatheni kwepropati ukusuka kumtyali ongenamali ukuze uphunyezwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko wacela ukuba ngokutsha ityala kwindawo yokuqala. Ukuba umntu onetyala uyavuma kuwo, zabuya isicwangciso ngokutsha, apho kuxoxwa iyalibala inkqubo, isixa sentlawulo ngenyanga kangangoko kunokwenzeka, nto leyo ebekumele ukuba uhlawule ityala, kunye nezinye iinkcukacha.

Kubalulekile: kwinkqubo ngokutsha isixa amatyala samiliselwa ngokungaphelelanga lincitshiswe. Kodwa ngokupheleleyo 'ukucima' ityala akusayi kusebenza.

Ukuba ngokutsha ngenxa yesizathu esithile ngobuchule e Debt kubanjwa yaye bathengisa ipropati leyo yipropathi onetyala.

Kwaye lokufihla impahla (kwakunye bankruptcy ngabom) ze umntu onetyala inika njengetyala yokwenene lolwaphulo-mthetho, nto leyo evumela iminyaka emithandathu entolongweni.

Ziziphi izinto aziboniswanga ingakhutshwa kuphela yimali?

Eyekile kunye nokuthengiswa elandelayo kwepropati - iziphumo kunqandwa ukuba imilinganiselo kumntu. Noko ke, asingabo bonke abantu kuyo ungaya phantsi ihamile. UMthetho kuchaziwe ngqo, ayikho phantsi kuhluthwe izinto;

• Ekuphela khusi onetyala kunye nosapho lwakhe, kuquka umhlaba apho yakhiwe. Engalawulwa ngulo mthetho: Ukuba imiqathango yokuthenga izindlu lubalwa besibini.
• Ukudla kunye eziyimfuneko ukufudumeza nokupheka.
• Imali kwi kwimali edingekayo ukuze kugcinwe onetyala, kuthathelwa ingqalelo zonke abaxhomekeke kuwe, nto leyo efunekayo onetyala ukugcina (iindleko zokuphila).
• Ipropati elungiselelwe yengqesho imisebenzi (professional).
• Izilwanyana besive onetyala, kuquka imfuyo kunye iindawo zokuhlala imfuyo.
• nezixhobo zasekhaya
• Amabhaso, amabhaso, amabhaso, kunye umonakalo yokukhumbula.

Ukungabikho ipropati ngokuxhomekeke onetyala ukuba kuhluthwe

A ezimbalwa ukuze nzima imilinganiselo kumntu, ukuba akukho impahla esinako waqonda ukuba ukuyibuyisa le mali uyibolekiweyo. Okwangoku, esi sigqibo yowiso kungacacanga kakhulu kwimeko enjalo, isisombululo kuphela, njengoko nenze kulo mzekelo inkundla ayikho. Enye into icacile: akukho ipropati akuthethi akusikhuphi unetyala evela amatyala. Yaye kwimeko amatyala sempahla unetyala ngaphandle zonke ezinye iziphumo kunqandwa ukuba imilinganiselo kumntu.

Ukongeza, umthetho ubonelela umphathi ngemali ilungelo lokurhoxisa okanye umngeni lungamkeleki ye onetyala, kunye result ukuba ipropati evumelekileyo sokususwa, ukuze zibuyiselwe yimali.

Iziphumo ezingentle ungonakala

Isigqibo imo wenkundla "ongenamali" ummi ethengelwe iminyaka emihlanu. Kuthathwa ukuba ngeli xesha umntu unako kwaye kufuneka ukucombulula iingxaki zabo zemali. Kwakhona ukuqalisa inkqubo ye ukuqondwa ongenamali ebudeni bale minyaka mihlanu, onetyala akakwazi. Ngaphandle xa isicelo mayingeniswe kumphathi zemali okanye umzimba ogunyazisiweyo.

Yimali ufumana iinzuzo ezininzi: ematyaleni ephantsi, iintlawulo kuhlehliselwe, ukungabikho yamacala izohlwayo ezahlukeneyo kunye nenzala mboleko ezikhoyo. Kwakhona Ngelo xesha kukho iziphumo ezibi imilinganiselo kumntu:

1. Phakathi kwiminyaka emithathu emva kokuba ubume kwelo Akuvunyelwe ukuba abhalise ngokusesikweni iqumrhu elisemthethweni, obhaliswe njengosomashishini ngamnye, ukuthatha inxaxheba kuyo nayiphi na indlela kulawulo lwabantu zomthetho.
2. Uthintelo ukuba baye phesheya de kube sekupheleni ukuphunyezwa impahla bambamba.
3. Isinyanzelo ukuxela isimo sabo, ukuba ummi uza kuphinda sithathe adunyiswe bankruptcy kwexesha.

Wokuphelelwa - ukuba kuvunyiwe njani?

Yintoni saphetha siyifunde zonke ezi zinto zingasentla? I FZ inaso nangoku kukho ezinye iziphako, njengaye nawuphi na 'afreshi' umthetho. Ukuyeka iintsilelo azilungise nokutshintswa kwe meko eyiyo kunokwenzeka kuphela kwexesha, ngexesha ekufumanekeni "nezitenxo 'xa befundisa.

Kodwa ngoku, amagqwetha bambongoza ukuba woyike inkqubo ungonakala. Nangona ixesha ukuphelisa onke amatyala ngokuvakalisa yimali, akathandi kusebenza, kuba abantu abaninzi ithuba lokuba uhlawule ngempumelelo amatyala ezikhoyo nje imilinganiselo yabantu ngabanye. Izimvo ungonakala edidayo. Bakhetha inkqubo imilinganiselo ingqalelo ithi ithuba wokwenene ukufumana iintlawulo zezavenge kwi yetyala kunye nesakhono ukunciphisa isixa setyala kwi-50%. Phezu Isisombululo ngempumelelo imilinganiselo meko kuluncedo onke amaqela mali-mboleko.

Kodwa ke kubalulekile ukuqwalasela, ekubeni imilinganiselo ngabantu, kwakhona iingcali zemali, abangengabo sinethemba kangaka. Ngenxa isixa eqinileyo ukuba kuhlawulwa kuphela ukuba ukuziphatha inkqubo, kwaye izithuba emyalelweni federal, le mali bacetyiswa ukuba zibhekisela ungonakala njengecebo isisombululo lokugqibela ukuba ityala iingxaki - xa ukhetho ayikho. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ungonakala eyingenelo ngokwenene kuphela abo amatyala yabo bebonke kuqikelelwa ngezigidi.