Imigaqo-siseko yokwahlukana kwamagunya njengendlela ithiyori kwezopolitiko zomthetho

Ukwahlukana amandla - imfundiso, ophuma ngoluvo imfuneko hlula karhulumente (ngengqiqo olubanzi - nayiphi na enye), kunye namandla kweli isebe self vzaimokontroliruyuschie. Ngokumalunga ngokukodwa kwamandla karhulumente le kwisahlulo kucingelwa isebe lowiso, elawulayo eyenkundla.

siseko yoMgaqo-siseko yokwahlukana kwamagunya okokuqala njengoko ingcamango ekunene zaye ecetywayo nguYohane. Locke ngokwenkcazo yakhe "contract ekuhlaleni." Oku kwenzeka ngo-1689. Njengoko uhlobo yezopolitiko kunye zomthetho, ezi zimiselo ziye zande ngenkulungwane ye-18 emva kokuvela imisebenzi SH.-L. UMontesquieu.

Kodwa simele sicinge ukuba oku kwexesha kunye nasekuqaleni ukuphunyezwa kakuhle lo mbono. Eminye imigaqo okanye izinto zifumaneka inkqubela theoretical component yawona yamandulo. Ngenxa yoko, Aristotle wathembisa ukwabelana amandla emasebeni, kanye njengoko enjalo wakhokela indlu yowiso-mthetho, iijaji zelizwe kunye namagosa, apho isebe ngalinye yonganyelwe umzimba eyahlukileyo.

Imigaqo-siseko yokwahlukana kwamagunya olawulo njengoko umgangatho zomthetho ziye zaphunyezwa kwi -siseko US, kunye nababhali - "ooyise ukusungulwa '- zikhawulezelwe nkqu umgaqo kwisahlulo" nkqo ", nto leyo nokulawula ubudlelwane phakathi kwiziko federal kunye namazwe. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, imigaqo yokwahlukana kwamagunya ziye wayehlonelwa njengomnye iinkolelo inkulu karhulumente kunye esemthethweni zenzululwazi, leyo, kunjalo, waqhubeka ukuphuhlisa, umzekelo, kwamanye amazwe, imigaqo luhlu zachazwa ngokubanzi - wema ngaphandle ezizimeleyo nabo sesiseko, ulawulo, yesebe ukukhetha.

Njengoko ingcamango kwezopolitiko kunye esemthethweni kokwahlulwa kwamagunya lubonisa ukuba ubukho babo nje emthethweni kunye nokuphunyezwa asebenzisekayo, zisisiseko ukwakhiwa kunye nokusebenza njengorhulumente wale mihla.

Imigaqo-siseko yokwahlukana kwamagunya ziquka eziliqela izisombululo zeziko kunye nesiqulatho ukuba imifuziselo ezisisiseko kuyilo karhulumente kunye nomthetho. Bathi imisela ukuba uhlobo ngalunye kwamandla eqhutywa ngokukodwa wadala kulo rhulumente: lowiso-mthetho - ipalamente, isigqeba esilawulayo - abasemagunyeni olawulo (iKhabhinethi), iijaji - inkqubo yenkundla. Xa oku kuvunywe yi kokuzimela ngokunxulumene yemisebenzi onke la maziko, nto leyo waqonda Nngokobuchwepheshe yi kokwahlulwa kwamagunya kunye iinkalo isicelo la magunya.

amagunya nemisebenzi zisasazwa ngendlela yokuba amagunya aziboniswanga kuphindwa kwi izenzo imizimba yazo kwakunye iyileyo amasebe ukuze othile ukulawula kwelinye isebe. Kumazwe kunye nenkqubo-level ezininzi zolwakhiwo ubume karhulumente-ndawo (i Federation) kwaye ukongeza, ibonelela ocacile amagunya phakathi kwamaziko karhulumente kunye nemimandla central ziyinxalenye karhulumente. Le modeli yanamhlanje kokwahlulwa amagunya kwaye iqulathe mfuneko ukunika ukulingana zomthetho phakathi kwamasebe. Oku kwenziwa ukuze aphephe ukuphathwa kakubi ngokusemthethweni isebe omnye ngaphezu komnye kwaye oku kungenza ingakwaizi kubangela zikarhulumente ukuseka ulawulo yileyo yezopolitiko, apho kuyinto design onjalo kwaye ebonakala.

Le migaqo iquka imfuneko yokuba kwakhiwe kwindlela kwamandla, apho amasebe azikhethe baninyanzela komunye ngeendleko amagunya okuwisa kwasasazwa ulawulo macala kunye nokulungelelana ngokuseka ngokucacileyo ukuba isebe ngalinye nokuqhuba into.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ingcamango yokuzahlula kwamagunya isimiso eyamkelekileyo zolwakhiwo urhulumente mihla kwaye yaphunyezwa ezingafani phantse onke amazwe zehlabathi, apho le meko ubukho siseko wedemokhrasi kule ndawo. Amanye amazwe sebenzisa imodeli zakudala, yaye abanye ukusetyenziswa le migaqo iya esingeneleiwe zizithethe inkcubeko yokwakha isizwe kazwelonke. Umzekelo, e-China, ukongeza bemveli, kodwa zabelwe amasebe afana kolawulo kunye nomthetho. Le meko efanayo yaye e Taiwan.

Kumazwe apho kuqulunqwa kolawulo loozwilakhe kwaye ngegqudu kwezopolitiko, imigaqo yokuzahlula kwamagunya, okanye waphunyezwa kuzo zonke okanye ziphunyezwe ngokusesikweni.