Imfundiso kaPlato iingcamango: ngokokutyhilwa ezikhoyo

UPlato igqalwa enye zobulumko ezininzi elikhulu kwimbali yoluntu. Njengoko ubengunyana wenkazana intshisakalo kunye nomfundi kaSocrates, yena, elowo kumzalwana wakhe, uDiogenes Laertius, iye yakwazi ukwenza Yindibanisela iingcamango Heraclitus, kaPythagoras kunye uSocrates - oko kukuthi, bonke abo zo uqhayisa Greece yamandulo. Iimfundiso yokuqala izimvo zikaPlato - yinto yokuqala engundoqo ingongoma yonke bulumko bobuchule. Ngexesha ubomi bakhe wabhala 34 Ingxoxo yababini, nabo bonke ngandlel 'ithile ukuba achazwe okanye ekhankanywe le ngcamango. It ezele yonke kwintanda-bulumko kaPlato. Theory of iingcamango angohlulwa ngezigaba ezithathu ukubunjwa.

Eyokuqala kuzo - eli xesha emva kokufa kaSocrates. Emva koko ke sobulumko uzama ukucacisa ingcamango njengomfundisi wakhe, yaye sincokola ezifana 'iisimpoziya "yaye" Crito ", livela kuqala ingqiqo ingcamango okuphelele okulungileyo kunye nobuhle. Inqanaba lesibini - ubomi uPlato esasiseSisili. Apho wayenempebelelo sisikolo kaPythagoras kwaye ngokucacileyo ngesimilo nangokuchanekileyo yayo "yimibono njongo." Ke ekugqibeleni, Isigaba sesithathu - zokugqibela. Ngoko imfundiso kaPlato ngayo izimvo ezifunyenwe umlinganiswa epheleleyo kunye nesakhiwo ecacileyo kwaba ngathi ngoku uyazi ukuba thina.

Xa incoko "iisimpoziya" sele sitshilo, okanye "emthendelekweni", iintetho-sobulumko uSocrates 'phezu umzekelo ikuchaza ngokweenkcukacha indlela ingcamango (okanye umongo) Beauty kunokuba bhetele yaye ngokuyinyaniso ngaphandle incarnations zayo zangaphambili. Kwaba khona ukuba kuqala evakalisa ingcamango ukuba ihlabathi izinto kunye nesenzeko obhadlileyo - ingenjalo. Emva kokuba zonke izinto esizibonayo, siziva, zama, awuze ube efanayo. Bona atshintsha rhoqo, kwaye afele khona. Kodwa ke zikhona kuba bonke bephela into ukusuka kumabanga aphakamileyo, uxolo lokwenyaniso. Siqulathe ezahlukeneyo ledayimenshini eguqulweyo ngokubaxwa i imifanekiso nemizimba. imfundiso kaPlato iingcamango ubabiza Eidos.

Andisoze ukutshintsha, musa kufa wena, akuyi azalwe. Ba ngonaphakade, yaye ngenxa yokuba ubukho babo liyinyaniso. Bona asixhomekeki nantoni na, okanye indawo okanye ixesha, kwaye musa ukuthumela nto. Ezi AMAGQABAZA ▸ zombini unobangela, uhlobo, kunye nenjongo yezinto kwihlabathi lethu. Ngaphezu koko, zimele ezinye iisampuli, kuvule imbonakalo yezinto zethu ezinzulu. Kwaye konke okukuyo umphefumlo, bakholisa ihlabathi ezikhoyo, apho kukho akukho bubi ukufa. Ngenxa yokuba imfundiso kaPlato izimvo ngaxeshanye ubiza Eidos kunye neenjongo.

Le uxolo lokwenyaniso oluchasene "bottom" wethu kungekuphela nje ikopi yokuqala, okanye bubuntu isenzeko. Kwakhona unalo icandelo yokuziphatha - okulungileyo nokubi. Emva Eidos zonke nabo umthombo mnye, ngokunjalo izinto zethu zisekelwe izimvo. Kule umatshini, wazala ezinye izizathu kunye iinjongo, nguye Absolute. Le nkolelo ezilungileyo. Kuphela nje nobangela akulungile kuphela, kodwa ubuhle nemvisiswano. Kuyinto okutshatyalaliswa kwaye limi ngaphezu yonke into, kuquka uThixo. It Uyabahombisa iingcamango iphiramidi. UThixo uMdali ukho kwinkqubo kaPlato ubuntu, isiqalo ephantsi, nangona kufutshane kakhulu eidos main Good.

kanye Oku obungunaphakade kunye ngokudlul ngokunxulumene umanyano ihlabathi lethu. Kungenisa (bekuThixo uMdali) Eidos nobukumkani, ukuba lokwenyaniso. Iimbono ukudala "ihlabathi wemiphefumlo." Yena sifakiwe kwi ubomi benene, nangona kuthatha kwinqanaba elisezantsi. Nokuba ephantsi - baphila ngengqondo, ihlabathi yezinto. Kwaye ke isigaba sokugqibela kakhulu uthatha umcimbi, leyo kubaluleke non-ntle. Zonke ukuthembakala nkqubo iphiramidi ikhona. Le mfundiso iingcamango zikaPlato aboniswe kweli nqaku.