Imbali kwendalo lomdlalo "lidume" NA Ostrovsky

iminyaka 50-60 lwekhulu XIX - ixesha kunokuba nzima yonke iRussia. Wamiswa yi kwanda ebanzi yoluntu olwaqhubeka ngokunxulumene ukuvela pro-idemokhrasi imikhosi ezintsha phambili serfdom. Phantsi kwale mvelaphi, phezulu sithetha izinto ezingangqinelaniyo ezikhoyo phakathi izizukulwana kunye nemeko yamabhinqa Russian kwi zengqondo ayikapheli egqubayo ezininzi zeli lizwe.

Kwimeko enzima ngolo hlobo, kubhaliwe kwathiwa, waza wafakwa eqongeni, waza yapapashwa kakhulu ivuso ngaloo minyaka imveliso Ostrovsky.

Ubalo umsebenzi kwi idrama

imibuzo emininzi yimbali indalo lomdlalo "lidume". Ngokufutshane ke linokuchazwa ngale ndlela ilandelayo.

Ostrovsky, mhlawumbi, sele uqalile umsebenzi kwimveliso ngoJulayi 1859 (kuyo nayiphi na imeko, emva kwale nyanga), kwaye ekuqaleni Oktobha, wathumela lilungele ukupapashwa kwisicatshulwa. Oku kungqina ukuba ngqangi yokuqala nangoku zigcinwa kwi Russian State Library. Kwinyanga kamva, i-umdlalo okufakwa phantsi Petersburg eqongeni: Novemba 16 yadlalwa kule Maly Theatre,-2 Disemba - e Alexandria. Kunyaka olandelayo oko yapapashwa "Library for ukuFunda" (in №1), kamva epapashwe njengencwadi.

Indlela ezingqondweni ngcembe imbonakalo umdlalo

drama entsha wayesele odumileyo "Columbus Zamoskvorechye" waye wadibana njengesiphango ingxelo kunye nezimvo, kuzo ebezintle (umzekelo, uvavanyo N.Dobrolyubova, I.Goncharova, P.Pletneva) kunye ezigwebayo (Tolstoy, A. FET). Ambiguously waqonda umntwana entsha Ostrovsky elivunywe ngelixa D.Pisarev umgxeki, wafika kulo mba kwi eliqela imiba Ekubambaneni kwabantu mabeme ne Dobrolyubov. Enoba lwalunjani, "The Storm" ngonaphakade phakathi midlalo ilungileyo ekuchubekeni. Kodwa umvuzo wokwenene ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuba Uvarov Award enkulu thaca ngababhali kuphela imisebenzi emikhulu ngokwenene ebhaliweyo eqongeni.

Ibali nabalinganiswa

Imbali kwendalo lomdlalo "Ukuna" kubangelwe ikakhulu yintshukumo umdlalo lisaqhuba kwidolophu encinane igama elihle Kalinov, ibekwe ngasechwebeni iVolga. Xa badibana, kubonakala ukuba kakhulu yeyanelisayo yomhlaba yeyokukhulisa, enika ingqiqo uxolo nenzolo. Omnye namabinzana yokuqala ukuba ababukeli uva ukusuka sendawo: "Beauty" Kodwa njengoko ukuhlola isimo abalinganiswa kunye nomoya ngokubanzi utshintsho. Umbhali ubhenca ngobuciko ezimbi oluntu, ukuphilela imithetho eminyaka Domostroi. Ngenxa yoko, mhlawumbi, igama laloo mzi - Kalinov, weza evela lwemveli Russian. Olu luphawu kuhlala, kulungile, "namnandi" ihlabathi, apho kunzima ukwahlukana.

Naphakathi "ububi" kunye imikhosi enamandla womntu livela, ngubani wagqiba ukuthetha ngokuchasene norhulumente wabo - UKaterina. Isiphelo Heroine kuyinto ebuhlungu, kuba nangoku ukufumana naziphi na abantu abanazo okanye abavikeli (zimelwe, umzekelo, indoda enye), ikwazi ukuxhasa kwi longquzulwano ekuqaleni. Lo mfana, apho ibona ulonwabo kwakhe elizayo kunye nobomi obungcono, bubugwala kakhulu, engakuqondi ngokwenene uCatherine. Ngelo xesha xa watshabalalisa yonke imigaqo yokuziphatha, kunzima ukufumana abenzi zokufa sentombazana.

Impikiswano phezu imvelaphi yebali

Iingxelo malunga AMAGQABAZA ▸ kunye ibali lusekelwe elusindisweni ngemisebenzi ephikisana kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ngokuba Kostroma imbali ezinobuchule "I-Storm" udlala ngqo yayinokuthanani iziganeko ezibuhlungu kutshanje esixekweni sabo. Ezinye iinkcukacha ekubonise ukuba kwase Catherine sibe umbhali aqhelekileyo L.P.Kositskaya. Abantu ngokobuqu wayesazi ekuchubekeni, wayekholelwa ukuba ukubonakala "The Storm" - isiphumo Ostrovsky ecaleni iVolga ahambe.

Okufanayo sabangela izigwebo ezinjalo?

Intlekele losapho canine

Ngokutsho kwinguqulelo yokuqala, imbali ziingceba "The Storm" ezinxulumene isehlo kwisixeko Kostroma. Ekuqaleni kuka Novemba 1859 anyamalala enye kubahlali baloo mzi Aleksandra Klykova, owayeneminyaka eli-19 kuphela ubudala. Kamva kwafunyanwa umzimba wakhe emanzini iVolga, yaye le nto ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho yimincili. Ingqalelo iinguqulelo ezimbini: ukuzibulala okanye ukubulala kunye ukuzama ukufihla ulwaphulo-mthetho. Uphenyo luveze ukuba intombazana nditshatile kutshanje, yawa kwintsapho zabarhwebi, leyo alawule ngokupheleleyo enzima ephaca yaye akukho namnye okholwayo-mthetho. Wakhulela kwindawo eyahlukileyo, Alexander ayikwazanga nazigqibo Isiphelo sakhe aze ahlale phantsi kwintsapho entsha. Akazange afumane inkxaso umyeni wakhe - ezolileyo, abathobelayo, ujikeleze unina ophantsi. Zonke ezi nkcukacha zibe lula ukuluqonda kule drama. nto emva ncwadi wabonakala Kostroma bendawo gqolo ethetha into yokuba indalo "I-Storm" idlala ezinxulumene ngqo ubomi canine yosapho. Nangona yaba kamva ukuba imveliso leyo ibhalwe inyanga phambi ntlekele, umdlali odlala oliliso yengingqi ixesha elide ukwenza phantsi nje esixhenxe canine. A indawo elunxwemeni iVolga, ukusuka apho kuthiwa waziphosa emanzini Caterina Alexander phakathi ezinomtsalane zasekuhlaleni.

Isaqhwithi - kuba idrama yakho Ostrovsky?

Enye inguqulelo malunga kwase ngayo umlinganiswa oyintloko, bunxulunyaniswa uphawu yetekisi ekuchubekeni ngayo. Ngakuye Catherine omnye, apho yena uxelela Varenka malunga iphupha lakhe, uthi: "Mna, endikuvileyo LP malunga iphupho elifanayo ... "Kuba LP ukufihla ngumdlali odumileyo L.P.Kositskaya, abathi Ostrovsky, mhlawumbi, wayenolwalamano. Aba babini - usapho abantu banyanzelekile ukuba ukufihla uthando lwabo. Abaphandi uchaze nokudalwa umdlalo "Ukuna" Ostrovsky nokubukela kolu khutsho, jonga yokuba okokuqala indima umlinganiswa ophambili udlalwa Kositsky. A ekuchubekeni yaziwa, ndikhetha ukuba ukhethe abadlali ngenxa imidlalo imisebenzi yakhe kwi-Maly Theatre.

Uhambo ecaleni iVolga

Ekugqibeleni, uguqulelo yesithathu yaye ichane ngakumbi - ibali ziingceba "The Storm" ezinxulumene uhambo umbhali emlanjeni omkhulu Russian.

Kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni, iminyaka 1856-57 Ostrowski inxaxheba kwiphulo le Society Russian Geographical kwi iVolga. Yena watyelela iilali ezininzi ibekwe phezu kweendonga omlambo, wadibana waba nengxoxo elide kunye basekuhlaleni, funda indlela ekhethekileyo ebomini babo. Ostrovsky uye wabona ngeziganeko ezininzi zenzeka kwiintsapho ngamnye kwisixeko sonke. Waba nomdla iinkcukacha incinane, awathi kamva kuhlalutywa kwisincoko "Journey ecaleni iVolga."

Ntlokoma le ngqwalasela zifumaneka kule drama: ulwimi wokuphila kwabantu, imeko eqhelekileyo unxibelelwano phakathi kwabantu (leyo, ngokuzenzekelayo, basoloko engenakuthanani ngokungqalileyo sebali, kodwa isenza umoya jikelele esixekweni), emihle, kunye namaqela ezahlukeneyo, ingakumbi ubomi. Konke oku kuqinisekisa ukuba imbali lomdlalo "Ukuna" Ostrovsky asuka Iziluleko zakhe yaye uzama uku bana phandle eziphilayo abantu Russian, ntoleyo ephazamisana uphuhliso yonke indlela kawonke Russian.

Wemidlalo-imboni?

Ngenxa yoko, le ntlekele eyenzeka kwi Kostroma ekwindla 1859, ukuze sikubone Ostrowski, owayeyazi ingakumbi ubomi abarhwebi Russian embindini kwinkulungwane XIX. Le meko ekuqhelekileyo ukuba kungenzeka na losapho lwakho elihlala kwintsimi enkulu karhulumente Russian. Umbhali ubonisa ngempumelelo lo mzuzu xa imikhosi omdala babesabambelele ephumayo kwaye bazama ngazo zonke iindlela ukuze kulondolozwe amandla abo, kwaye entsha, nje asakhulayo, nangena edabini ephinde, isiphumo leyo eza kuqinisekisa okumiselwe Russia. Kungenxa yoku le nto kubaluleke kangaka, into edibene kwimbali yendalo lomdlalo "lidume". Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba oku kungaba ekuqaleni utshintsho okuqhubekayo kuyo yonke impilo yeli lizwe.