Imali mboleko yebhanki: iintlobo kunye neemeko

Okwangoku, iimali-mboleko zebhanki ziye zaba ngumthombo oqhelekileyo weengxowa-mali zokufumana ezinkulu kubemi kunye namashishini. Ngokuqhelekileyo akulula kumntu ongeyena uninitiated ukuqonda iintlobo zezibonelelo zemali mboleko kunye nemigqaliselo yokuboleka.

Imboleko yebhanki kukudluliselwa ngumbutho wekhredithi wemali okanye umntu osemthethweni weemali zemali ehlawulwayo kunye nemeko yokubuyela kwabo ngexesha elithile.

Iintlobo zemali mboleko yeebhanki

Kwizoqoqosho akukho hlulo olulodwa lwemali mboleko kwiintlobo ezithile zemboleko. Ezi zilandelayo ziimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokuhlelwa:

• Umbutho wenkxaso-mboleko (ngabanye, iinkampani zomthetho);
• Ixesha (elifutshane elifutshane, eliphakathi kwexesha elide, ixesha elide, kwi-intengo);
• Injongo (umboleki, iimali-mboleko zemoto, utyalo-mali, umboleko wemali, urhwebo, ishishini, ezolimo);
• Ukufumaneka kokubambisa (ukukhuseleka, ukungaqiniseki);
• Ubukhulu (encinci, obuphakathi, obukhulu);
• Indlela yokubuyisela imali (ihlawulelwe ngumlinganiselo owodwa, uhlawuleka kwishedyuli);
• Uhlobo lwamazinga enzala (ngesantya senzalo esinqunyiwe, ngenani lentlawulo ehambayo).

Okwangoku, umboleko webhanki, inkqubo yebhanki yaseRashiya ihlaziywayo: inani leemali-mboleko ziyakhula, iimeko zabo ziya kuba zihluke ngakumbi.

Kamva kwinqaku, siya kuhlolisisa ngokubanzi iinkcukacha zemali mboleko yemali ebhanki kubantu ngabanye kunye nemilinganiselo ebalulekileyo yemisebenzi yokuboleka imali.

Mboleko mboleki

Umthengi - le mboleko yebhanki yeemfuno eziphuthumayo, imali onokuyisebenzisa kuyo nayiphi na injongo ngokuqonda kwakho. Imboleko mboleko yabathengi ingaba ngowona khetho xa umlinganiselo awukho omkhulu, kwaye isantya kunye nokulula ukufumana imali kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuba ufuna, ungafumana mboleko kwikhadi lebhanki, i- akhawunti okanye imali. Intlawulo inokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa iirejista zemali, ii-ATM kunye ne-Intanethi. Unokuhlawula ngekhadi lekhredithi, imali okanye ukudluliselwa kwi-akhawunti.

Iimeko:

• Ubungakanani bemboleko: inani elincinci lihluka phakathi kwama-ruble angama-15 ukuya kuma-50, ubuninzi-ukusuka kuma-ruble amawaka ama-500 ukuya kwizigidi ezi-3. Kubathengi abaneembali zeentengo zemboleko kunye nabathengi bemivuzo, imali inganyuswa.
• Inzala yomdla: kuxhomekeke kwiiparitha eziliqela kwaye inokusabalala ngokubanzi kwiibhanki ezahlukeneyo.
• Ixesha lokubolekwa kwemali: njengomthetho, wakhutshwa iminyaka engama-5, kodwa unokwandiswa kwiindidi ezithile zabbolekayo okanye ngemali ebiza imali. Ngokomzekelo, i- Sberbank ikhupha umboleko webhanki wabathengi iminyaka engama-20 kunye ne-mortgage mortgage.
• Ukhuseleko: ibheyili, isiqinisekiso sabantu okanye iinkampani ezisemthethweni, ukukhupha ngaphandle kokukhuseleko kunokwenzeka.
• Ixesha loviwo: ukususela kumzuzu engama-30 ukuya kwiintsuku eziliqela.

Inzuzo:

• Iphakheji encinane yamaxwebhu.
• Inkqubo elula yokuqwalasela isicelo somboleko.
• Ixesha elifutshane lesigqibo malunga nokugqithiswa.
• Ukulawula phezu kwenjongo yokuchitha imali ayikho.
• Unako ukufumana imali ngesandla.

Iingxaki:

• Imilinganiselo ephakamileyo yemingalo mboleko.
• Umda wesikweledu ophantsi.
• Ixesha elifutshane lemboleko, kwaye ngenxa yoko, inkokhelo enkulu yenyanga.
• Ubudala obubolekiweyo buphantsi kunezinye iimboleko.

Amakhadi aMatyala

Iimeko:

• Ubungakanani bemboleko: ubuninzi beemali kumakhadi-mboleko zihlala ziphantsi kwaye zifikelela kuma-ruble ayi-100-700 amawaka.
• Inzala: Inani eliphezulu phakathi kwazo zonke iimali-mali, ukusuka kwi-17.9% ukuya kwi-79% ngonyaka.
• Ixesha lokubolekwa kwemali mboleko: ukuya kwi-3 iminyaka
• Ukhuseleko: alufunwa.
• Ixesha loviwo: ukusuka kwiminithi embalwa ukuya kwi-1 imini.
• Isikhathi somusa: iintsuku ezingama-50-56, ngelo xesha akukho nzala efunyenwe kwi-intlawulo ngexesha.
• Iikhomishini ezongezelelweyo: kaninzi kukho iifizi zokufaka imali kunye nokuhamba nekhadi. Umzekelo, i-"Credit Credit" ikhadi lebhanki "Ikhadi elinenzuzo" libiza iiruble ezingama-990 ngonyaka, kunye nekhadi elithi "Usetyenziso lokuthenga" makhululekile.

Inzuzo:

• Ubukho bexesha lobabalo.
• Inkqubo elula yokuvuma isicelo.
• Ixesha elincinci lokuqwalasela.
• Isisethi esincinci samaxwebhu.
• Akukho mlawuli kwiinkcitho zemali.
• Ukufumaneka kwamkelekisi okanye ngeposi.

Iingxaki:

• Inzala ephezulu.
• Imali ephezulu yokulibaziseka.
• IKhomishoni yokurhoxiswa kwemali kwi-ATM.
• Isixa semali mboleko.
• Imali yonyaka yokulungiselela ikhadi.

Imali mboleko

Iimoto zaba yidinga elikhawulezayo, kodwa kungekhona imali esaneleyo yokuthenga okunjalo. Imali mboleko yeBhanki yokuthengwa kwezithuthi zibizwa ngokuba yimali-mboleko yemoto.

Iimeko:

• Ubungakanani bemboleko: ubuninzi beemali eziyi-1 million ruble.
• Inzala: ukusuka kwi-10% ngonyaka ukuya kutsho kunye no-20% ngonyaka malunga neemoto ezisetyenziswayo.
• Ixesha lokubolekwa kwemali mboleko: ukufikelela kwiminyaka emi-5, ukwenzela ukuba imali eninzi inyuke.
• Ukhuseleko: isithuthi esithengiweyo.
• Ixesha loviwo: ukususela kumzuzu engama-30 ukuya kwiintsuku eziliqela.
• Intlawulo yokuqala: ngokuphindaphindiweyo i-10-25%, kodwa ezinye iibhanki zinikezela kunye neenkqubo ngaphandle kokuhlawula.

Inzuzo:

• Ixabiso lentengo ephantsi kwimali mboleko.
• Isixa singaphezu kwemboleko yomboleki.
• Imiqathango emfutshane yokuqwalaselwa kwesicelo.

Iingxaki:

• Iphakheji yamaxwebhu angaphezu kweemali zokuboleka umboleki.
• Ixesha elifutshane lemboleko kunye, ngenxa yoko, inkokhelo enkulu ngenyanga.
• Isidingo sokugcina imali.
• Ukulawula inkcitho yemali efunyenweyo.

Mboleko mboleko

Imarike yendawo yokuhlala ikhula ngokukhawuleza, abantu bazama ukuthenga izindlu kunye nokwakha izindlu. Ubuninzi bezinto zokuthengwa kwezindlu zenzeka ngokuthatha inxaxheba kweebhanki. Ngaloo njongo i mboleko mboleko yenzelwe - mboleko yokuthengwa kwezindlu.

Iimeko:

• Ubungakanani bemboleko: inani lemali mboleko lihluka ukusuka kwi-100-300 lamawaka ukuya kwii-500 ze-ruble ezigidi ezili-500.
• Inzala: kuxhomekeke kwiprogramu yemboleko ukusuka ku-10,5% ukuya kwi-25% ngonyaka. Phakathi kwazo zonke iintlobo zemali-mboleko, iintlawulo zeenkqubo zokuboleka imali ziphantsi.
• Ixesha le mboleko: kwiibhanki ezahlukeneyo zihluka ukusuka kwi-15 ukuya kwe-30 iminyaka.
• Ukhuseleko: isibambiso sokuthenga okanye ukuhlala kwezindlu.
• Ukuhlawula: ukusuka kwi-10-25% yeendleko zezindlu.
• Ixesha lokuqwalasela: ukususela ngeveki ukuya kwenyanga.

Inzuzo:

• Amandla okukhupha amaxabiso amakhulu.
• Mboleko mboleko.
• Ixabiso lentengo ephantsi
• Ubungako bokutsala ababoleki.

Iingxaki:

• Iphakheji enkulu yamaxwebhu.
• Ixesha elide lokuqwalaselwa kwesicelo.
• Isidingo sokutshintshwa kwisibambiso se-propati.
• Ukulawula phezu kokusetyenziswa kweemali.

Iimpawu zetyala

Ngaphambi kokuba wenze isigqibo malunga nohlobo oluthile lomboleko kunye nenkqubo yokuboleka imali, kufuneka uhlolisise indlela inzuzo ngayo kwaye uhlalutye iiparitha zayo eziphambili:

• Inzala yomdla.
• Indlela yokubuyisela.
• Uhlobo lweshedyuli yokubuyisela.
• Isiseko senani lokubala.
• Iikhomishini ezongezelelweyo.
• Iindleko ezihambelanayo.

Inzala yomdla

Ukusasazeka kwezinga lentengo kubonakala kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemboleko nakwiibhanki enye. Ipesenti yemali mboleko yebhanki incike kwiimeko ezininzi, ezibaluleke kakhulu zazo zilandelayo:

• Ukuthenjwa komthengi. Amaziko okuthenga ngetyala anqwenela abathengi abafumana ipenshoni okanye umvuzo kubo, kunye nabboleki abaneembali zentengo enetyala. Kwimiba enjalo, abafaki zicelo bahlala befumana ixabiso lentengo ekhethekileyo.
• Ixesha kunye nemali. Kunenzuzo ukuba ibhanki ikhuphe inani elikhulu, ngoko ke kunyuka kwindleko inciphiso. Kwaye kwanexesha elide - ixesha elide, eliphakamileyo izinga. Kwixesha elide, amaxabiso ngamanye amaxesha aphakama ukuya kumahlanu eepesenti.
• Ukukhawuleza kubhaliso. Ukuvakalisa imali mboleko kunye nolona luhlu lwamanqaku lubangela umngcipheko omkhulu kwi-bhanki, ngoko ke imali mboleko ngamanye amaxesha iyabiza ngokuphindwe kabini.
• Injongo. Iimali-mboleko ezijoliswe kuyo (umzekelo, imali yokubolekwa kwemali okanye ukubolekisa ngemali), izinga lihlala liphantsi. Ngaphandle kwimeko yokubolekwa ngabathengi, kukho iinkqubo ezijoliswe kuyo (umzekelo, ekuphuhlisweni kwipropsi ephantsi).
• Ukufumaneka kwe-inshorensi. Ubomi bomshuwalense okanye ukulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi kunokuncedisa ukunciphisa umlinganiselo ngamaphuzu ambalwa.

Iintlobo zeehedyuli zokubuyisela

Xa udweba iishedyuli zentlawulo, iindlela ezimbini zokwahlula zisetyenziselwa: i-annuity kwaye yahluke.

Ukuba ishedyuli iyaphulwa ngamanani afanayo ngexesha lonke, ngoko ke unyaka. Olu hlobo lwetshathi ngoku lidla ngokusetyenziswa rhoqo ngamabhanki. Inkokhelo yenyanga nganye kule shedyuli ibandakanya inani elinyukayo lenqununu kunye nomdla, ngoko ke akunjalo njengomthwalo onomboleki njengemali eyahlukileyo.

Kwimodeli eyahlukileyo, inani lematyala oyintloko lihlulwe ngamanani alinganayo kwixesha elipheleleyo, kwaye inani lemfuno liyancipha ngexesha. Ekuqaleni kwekhontrakthi, iintlawulo zolu hlobo lokuphahlazeka ziphezulu, kodwa ngokwemali ehlawulwa ngokugqithisileyo ngokubanzi kunenzuzo. Isamba somdla kwishedyuli esahlukileyo kwithuba lonke liphantsi kunexesha lokuhlawula, apho inani lematyala oyintloko lihlawulwa kuqala kwixabiso elincinci, kwaye intlawulo yenziwe ngokuyinzala.

Isiseko somdla

Ngokomgaqo weBhanki Ephakathi YaseRashiya, inzala kwimali-mboleko yebhanki inikwe imali kwi-matyala ematyala, kodwa ezinye iindawo zemboleko zibonisa kwizivumelwano zemali-mboleko njengesiseko sokuhlawula umyinge wemali yokuqala.

Indlela yokuqala, ngokwemvelo, inenzuzo kakhulu kumbolekayo, kuba inani lemali liya kuncipha kunye nentlawulo nganye yetyala eliyinhloko.

Ngokwahlulo lwesibini, inzala ayiyi kutshintsha ngexesha lokukhula, njengoko kubalwa ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bemali yokuqala.

Imirhumo eyongezelelweyo

Kwinkqubo yokuhlawula umboleko, kunokufunyanwa ukuba kukho iinkomishoni ezongezelelweyo, ezo zinto zibhetele ngakumbi phambi kokusayinwa kwemvumelwano-mboleko.

Amabhanki anikezela ngee-commissions ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinxulumene nokuba zibambiso okanye isicelo somboleko, okanye ngokunikezelwa kwayo kunye nentlawulo.

Iindleko ezihambelanayo

Iindleko ezinxulumene nazo zingavela kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zokufumana nokubuyiselwa kwemboleko. Ngexesha lokuphonononga nokubhaliswa kwemboleko, ezo ndleko zidla ngokuqhagamshelana nokukhuseleko. Ngokomzekelo, umboleko we-real estate ubhaliso lwasemthethweni, apho kufuneka uhlawule umsebenzi welizwe. Xa ufaka izithuthi kwiimpawu zoMphathi woKhuseleko loThutho kaRhulumente, ukuthathwa kwezenzo zokubhalisa kwakhona kuhlawulwa ngokuhlawula umsebenzi welizwe. Ezinye iibhanki zithumelele ukuqwalaselwa ngokukhawuleza kwesicelo semboleko okanye ukuvavanya uboleko. Ewe, iindleko ezinjalo zihlawulwa ngumboleki.

Enye yeempahla ezixabisekileyo kakhulu ngeendleko ezinxulumene nazo zinokuthathwa njenge-inshorensi: eyakho, impahla, i-CASCO, ekulahlekeni komsebenzi kunye nokunye. Ininshurensi, njengomgaqo, kufuneka ihlaziywe minyaka yonke.

Nangona uqoqosho lwaseRussia lujongene nobunzima, iibhanki kunye nekhredithi yebhanki zihlala zifunwa phakathi kwabantu belizwe. Imibutho yemboleko inikeza iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokubolekisa, kwaye, xa uyiqonda le miqathango, unokusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo.