Iipropati isicelo kunye neempawu chemical: Tungsten

Mother Nature iye yacebisa ubuntu izinto eziluncedo chemical. Ezinye zazo efihliweyo ezinzulwini zawo, kwaye ziqulathwe imali encinci, kodwa ixabiso lazo ibaluleke kakhulu. Enye enjalo Tungsten. Ukusetyenziswa iipropati awodwa kubangelwa.

Provenance

ngekhulu XVIII - kwinkulungwane ngexesha lokufunyanwa etafileni ngamaxesha - baba ibalulekileyo kwimbali olu.

Ngaphambili kucingwe ubukho kwento okumisele iintlobo izimbiwa ethintela ukuba ukunyibilikisa isinyithi efanelekileyo. Umzekelo, nebhekile sele ukufumana nzima, ukuba ikwi-ore loo element. Umahluko lokunybilika kunye ekudibaneni kwemichiza ukuba ukhokelele ekubeni kusekwe of zeBlack amagwebu, leyo kwanciphisa kwemveliso tin.

Ngenkulungwane VIII metal wawuvuliwe ngokulandelelana nzulu Swedish Scheele and Spanish Elyuar abazalwana. Kwathi ngenxa imifuniselo kwemichiza igcwala yamatye izimbiwa - scheelite kunye wolframite.

Ibhaliswe kwinkqubo ngamaxesha lweziqalelo ngokwenani atom 74. A metal enqabileyo eliyinjubaqa ne weight atomic 183,84 - i Tungsten. ukusetyenziswa kwayo kungenxa iipropati obungaqhelekanga avulekileyo sele kwinkulungwane XX.

ukuba phi?

Ngokwenani, ndineemfesane umhlaba lo "malonaselyayuschim" kwaye ithatha indawo 28. Eli licandelo kwezimbiwa ezahlukeneyo ezimalunga nama-22, kodwa ke kubalulekile ukuba imveliso yayo 4 kuphela kubo: scheelite (iqulathe malunga nama-80% trioxide), wolframite, kwaye ferberite Gyubnera (iqanjwa 75-77% nganye). Le ores composition kudla iqulethe ubumdaka kwezinye iimeko eziveliswa kunye "nezokukhupha" zesinyithi ezifana molybdenum, nebhekile, tantalum njalo njalo. Ezi iidipozithi inkulu e China, Kazakhstan, Canada, eUnited States, ngokunjalo eRashiya, Portugal, Uzbekistan.

Njani ukuze?

Ngenxa ngokweempawu ezizodwa, kwakunye ezinomthamo eliphantsi kwezobuchwephesha emaweni ukuvelisa Tungsten olusulungekileyo kakhulu nzima.

1. ukwahlukana Magnetic, ukwahlukana electrostatic okanye ayinto ukuze zityebise xi ore ukuya kwi 50-60% of Tungsten oxide.
2. Ukuqhela 99% oxide ukusabela imichiza kunye ialakalin okanye nezinto emuncu kunye nesigaba kungengokwentlambululo yendawo kwenze onesiphumo.
3. Ukubuyisa le metal nge carbon okanye hydrogen, ivelise ehambelana umgubo wentsimbi.
4. Ukuveliswa etshe okanye ngumgubo zobudlelane obuya sintered.

Enye izigaba ezibalulekileyo yeemveliso zentsimbi evelisa na powder yokunyibilikisa isinyithi. Oku kusekelwe phezu Umxube Ithatyathwe emigutyeni zesinyithi elinjubaqa, ngokucinezela kunye sintering elandelayo. Athotywa walungisa inani elikhulu aluminiyamu ithekhinoloji ebalulekileyo kuquka Tungsten khabhayithi, isicelo leyo kakhulu eyafunyanwa kwemveliso yoshishino yokuba kusikwe izixhobo kunye nokumelana eliphezulu namandla.

iipropati Physical nemichiza

Tungsten - eliyinjubaqa kwaye enzima metal yesilivere emkhusaneni volume-wedwa.

• Lokunyibilika -? 3422 C.
• Ukupheka ingongoma -? 5555 C.
• Density - 19,25 g / ^cm3.

Kuyinto umqhubi kakuhle yangoku yombane. Hayi iimagnethi. Ezinye izimbiwa (ezifana scheelite) ezibengezelayo.

Ukumelana nempembelelo asidi, izixhobo bako kwiindawo lobushushu eliphezulu, ngokudleka ukwaluphala. Ukhupha ulwenziwo impembelelo ebuhlungu ubumdaka e ngentsimbi, ukuphuculwa ukumelana ubushushu, ukuqina kwayo ngokudleka nayo inegalelo ukuthembeka Tungsten. Ukusetyenziswa ezinjalo aluminiyamu yentsimbi-carbon kugwetyelwa processability lingonakali besenza.

iipropati Mechanical nobuchwepheshe

Tungsten - okuqinileyo, metal ixesha elide. ubulukhuni wayo 488 HB, uqine - 1130-1375 MPA. Xa kubanda, hayi zeplastiki. ? Kubushushu ka 1600 C kwandisa ductility yesimo ukuthotyelwa ngokupheleleyo kunyango uxinzelelo: elibenze, ukuziqengqa, ukuzoba. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba 1 kg kumsonto metal ivumela ukwenza ubude iyonke km-3.

Machining nzima ngenxa yokuqaqadeka ngokugqithiseleyo kunye brittleness. Ukubhola, ukuvula, umama volframokobaltovye wasebenzisa izinto khabhayithi eziveliswa ngumgubo yokunyibilikisa isinyithi. Ngaphantsi rhoqo, ngesantya esisezantsi, kunye neemeko ezizodwa isicelo ukusuka izixhobo zentsimbi ngesantya esiphezulu ingxubevange of Tungsten. imigaqo ahlabayo Standard ayisayi kusebenza ukususela izixhobo ngokukhawuleza kakhulu iguge neentanda Tungsten zigqithiswe. ubuchule ezinjalo:

1. unyango Chemical kunye ukumitha ye umaleko komhlaba, kubandakanywa ukusetyenziswa zesilivere ukulungiselela le njongo.
2. Amalahle phezu usebenzisa ende yamaziko, nelangatye igesi, umsinga wombane ka 0.2 A. Iqondo lobushushu kuvumelekile apho kukho ukwanda ductility, yaye ngoko, ukusika ukuphuculwa, -? 300-450 C.
3. Ukusika Tungsten usebenzisa izinto fusible.

Ekuloleni yaye isila ke advantageously wenziwe ngoncedo diamond kunye nezixhobo CBN, ubuncinane - corundum.

Welding le metal eliyinjubaqa lwenziwa ikakhulu phantsi intshukumo ye arc yombane, Tungsten, okanye carbon electrode lwegesi egalelwe okanye ukukhuselwa bume ulwelo. Unako ukusebenzisa ukuxhathisa welding.

Le khemikhali element ethile uneempawu ezahlula ubunzima ogcweleyo. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, oko luphawulwa nokumelana aphezulu ubushushu banxibe ukuxhathisa, iphucula umgangatho kunye nokuphungula iimpawu yodidi Tungsten doped, kunye nobushushu ukunyibilika eliphezulu kuvumela imveliso ezibane cingwana kunye electrode ye welding.

isicelo

Nokunqaba, ukuba nentsusa kwento kunye nokubaluleka unobangela ukusetyenziswa liphela ubugcisa bale mihla ngentsimbi ebizwa Tungsten - Tungsten. Iimpawu kunye izicelo zokuzigwebela iindleko eziphezulu kunye nemfuno. Iimpawu yokunyibilika High ubushushu, lukhuni, amandla, ukumelana ubushushu ukuxhathisa ukuhlasela imichiza umhlwa, kwaye banxibe ukungawi kusikwe iimpawu - ukuba amakhadi yayo engundoqo. Sebenzisa amatyala:

1. intambo.
2. Alloying yodidi ukuze ufumane-high speed, anxibe-enganyangekiyo, ubushushu-ukumelana kunye aluminiyamu yentsimbi-carbon ubushushu-resistant, leyo ukufumana isicelo kwimveliso uqheliso kunye nezinye izixhobo, ayekelele, imithombo kunye nemithombo namagqabi, umzila.
3. Ukuveliswa "lomgubo" aluminium eziqinileyo osetyenziswa okokuqala igawulwa ingakumbi ukunxiba-ukumelana, ukubhola okanye izixhobo embi.
4. Electrode for TIG nokumelana welding.
5. Iinkcukacha ukuzakhela ye X-reyi kwaye lobunjineli unomathotholo, izibane zobugcisa ezahlukeneyo.
6. ipeyinti Special ezikhanyayo.
7. Ucingo kunye nezahlulo kushishino kwemichiza le.
8. izinto ezahlukeneyo esebenzisekayo ezincinane, umzekelo, ukuloba isarha.

Zithanda aluminiyamu ezahlukeneyo, ezibandakanya Tungsten. Field kwesicelo izinto ezinjalo ngamanye amaxesha kumangaliswa - ukusuka zobunjineli enzima kunye noshishino ophela kuyo ukukhanya apho amalaphu enziwa ngempahla ezithile (umz, umlilo).

izinto Onemisebenzi azikho. Wonke aziwayo kunye aluminium yaqala ahluka yi lwabo imfuno iinkalo ezithile zobomi kunye noshishino. Noko ke, abanye babo baye iipropati ezithile ezenza ukuba iinkqubo ngaphambili akuwenzi. Enye enjalo but is Tungsten. ukusetyenziswa kwayo ayikho ngokubanzi njengoko ngentsimbi, kodwa ngobuwena nganye kuluncedo kakhulu yaye kuyimfuneko eluntwini.