Iipaki zeSizwe: i-Serengeti. Imifuno kunye nezilwanyana zaseAfrika

Afrika ihlala idibana nezilwanyana zasendle ezahlukeneyo. Nanku ukuxininisa okuphezulu kwabameli bezilwanyana zasendle, kunye neentlobo zezilwanyana ezicebileyo xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwekazi eMhlabeni.

Kukho iintlobo zeepaki. I-Serengeti yenye yazo. Ngendlela, umhlaba unenani elikhulu leepaki zesizwe kwi-335. Bakwazi ukukhuselwa kwiintlobo zeenambuzane eziyi-100,000, ezili-1100 zezilwanyana ezincelisayo, iintlobo ezi-3,000 zeentlanzi kunye neentlobo zeentaka ezingama-2,600. Kwakhona kukho indawo ezahlukahlukeneyo zokuhlala, iipaki zendalo, iindawo zesizwe, zasolwandle kunye namahlathi.

Izwekazi lizityebi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlala. Amathafa ase-savanna kunye namahlathi ashushu aseSahara aye abe yindawo yokukhusela yabameli abahlukahlukeneyo bezilwanyana zasendle. Lapha uhlala nenani elikhulu lezilwanyana ezinomdla, ezinye zazo zisongelwa ukuba ziphele. Ukongezelela, kukho uluvo lokuba le yindawo apho abantu bokuqala babonakala khona.

Tanzania

Kukho iipaki ezahlukeneyo zelizwe apha. I-Serengeti yindawo epakiweyo, apho onke amaphupha okukhenketho afike khona, ezama ukufunda i-Afrika yangempela.

Ngaphandle kokungathandabuzeki, le ndawo yindawo eyigugu kakhulu yendalo yezilwanyana zasendle ehlabathini lonke. Akazi oontanga bakhe kwixabiso lezesayensi kunye nobuhle. I-Serengeti National Park - ipaki eyaziwa kakhulu nakakhulu kunazo zonke eTanzania - idume ngokufuduka kwayo ngonyaka: ngaphezu kwezigidi ezizi-6 zezimbini zeenyawo zinyathelisa ithafa, ngelixa iiferethi ezingama-300 000 kunye needbra ezingama-200,000, kunye ne-wildebeest, zifuna ukutya okutsha. Kodwa kwi-Serengeti, nangaphandle kokufuduka, i-safari ecacileyo e-Afrika inokwenzeka: umhlambi wezinkumbi ezinkulu, amaqela emigundane kunye neendlovu, inani elincinci leemvula, i-Öland, i-impala, i-gazelle ne-congonies.

Indawo yepaki

Kwindawo yaseTanzania, eyi-Great African Rift, i-Serengeti Park eyaziwayo (ibalazwe ichazwe kweli nqaku). Ummelwane walo osenyakatho yi-Kenya iMasai Mara Reserve, kunye nasempuma-mpuma umda weNgorongoro.

Inxalenye ethile yembali

Eli lizwe ixesha elide lihleli liphela. Kodwa malunga nekhulu leminyaka edlulileyo kule ndawo kufika amaMasai - izizwe ezisenyakatho, ezazisondeza iinkomo.

Umntu wokuqala waseYurophu ukufika kwingingqi yaseSerengeti ngo-1891 nguOscar Bauman (isiJamani), owayengumhloli wezinto zendalo. Apha ngo-1913 abazingeli bokuqala baqala umsebenzi wabo. Kwiminyaka emininzi kule ndawo inkqubo yokwenza ummandla wendawo yokugcinwa kwendawo yenziwe, eyayiba sisiseko sepaki yesizwe eseleyo, eya kuba ngo-1951. Lo msebenzi uphakanyiswe ngokuqonda imfuno yokulondolozwa kwezilwanyana zasendle zaseAfrika, njengoko ukuzingela rhoqo kungakhokelela ekunciphiseni ngokukhawuleza kwinani leengonyama ezithi zibhekwe njengentsholongwane.

Ukusuka eSerengeti, iminyaka eyisibhozo kamva, kwagcinwa indawo yokuhlala, ebizwa ngokuba yiNgorongoro.

Ngo-2009, ekubhiyozelweni kweminyaka eyi-50 yepaki, izazinzulu zithi iingqungquthela ezimele zimele zikhuselwe ekutyelelweni rhoqo ngabantu bezinye iintlanga, ngenxa yokuba ukukhenketho kweAfrika kuphuhlisa ngoku ngoku. Ekugqibeleni, bacebisa ukufikelela kumda kwiipaki zesizwe. I-Serengeti ayisebenzisi kubo. Kodwa abahamba namhlanje abakwazi ukufika emgodini we-Olduvai, apho okwangoku banomkhondo wendlela yabantu bamandulo. Oku kwenziwa ngenjongo yokucocwa kophando kunye nokugcinwa kwazo zonke iziphumo.

Igama lepaki

Igama le ndawo lithetha "indawo esongeziweyo". Nantsi imozulu yinto ecacileyo, ebangela ukuba kuqhutywe zonke iintlobo zobomi. Kwakhona kuthintela indlela yobomi bemi bendawo.

Imozulu

Eyona nto, i-Serengeti ifudumele kwaye iyomile, nangona kukho imvula. Nantsi ifika entwasahlobo. Kuphakathi kwenkampu yekwindla kuyenzeka, kodwa kukho kakade kuninzi kakhulu.

Imimandla ngexesha lemvula lizele iintyatyambo kunye nemifuno, ngeli xesha ixesha elizeleyo liza ngesomiso. Ngeli xesha, abemi beSizwe sePaki baqala ukufuduka ukufumana amanzi ukugcina ubomi.

Ukushisa komoya apha akuguquki ngokukodwa - kwindawo ye-15-25 ° C. Kwi-Serengeti, ixesha elipholileyo kakhulu ngoJuni-Oktobha, ngokuhlwa ngokuhlwa.

Indawo

I-Serengeti National Park nayo inemihlaba eyahlukeneyo:

• Iziko - i-savannah;
• ZoMzantsi Afrika;
• Amaplanti amaninzi kunye namahlathi;
• Emazantsi-mpuma-mpuphu;
• Amahlathi aseNyakatho kunye neenduli.

Kwinqanaba ngalinye unokufumana umlambo omncinci, umlambo okanye i-echibi.

Imihlaba yanamhlanje ikude kakhulu neyokuqala, eyayikudala ixesha elidlulileyo, xa kubonakala ukubonakala komhlaba umhlaba ngumsebenzi weentaba-mlilo. Emva koko kudlula ixesha elininzi, kwizinto zomhlaba zenzeke, ngoko kudala umfanekiso okhoyo, onokuhlolwa ngokujonga isithombe se-Serengeti.

Izilwanyana

Iimeko ezikhethekileyo zenza kube lula ukuhlakulela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana kunye neentlanzi, eziye zahlakaza ipaki yelizwe ngokwazo. I-Serengeti ibonisa inani elikhulu labemi balo:

• Izinyoni (malunga neentlobo ezi-500);
• Izilwanyana (malunga neentlobo ezingama-35);
• Izilwanyana (malunga neentlobo ezingama-350).

Apha phakathi kwezilwanyana zikhona:

• Iibhasile zikaM Thompson (ngaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-0.5);
• I-Antelope isildebeest (malunga nezigidi ezi-2);
• I-Zebra (ngaphezu kwe-0.25 yezigidi);
• Indlovu;
• Iigirafi;
• Rhinoceros;
• Baboons;
• IiPokota kunye nabanye.

Unokuhlangabezana nezinye izilwanyana:

• I-Cheetah;
• Malunga neengonyama ezingama-3000;
• Jackals;
• Hyena;
• Leopards.

Iinyoni eziziwayo zaseAfrika:

• Iimfuyo;
• Flamingo;
• Ukulwa neenkwenkwezi ;
• Iingqayi;
• Iingcambu.

Kukho izilwanyana eziziwayo:

• Iingxowa;
• Inyoka;
• Lizards.

Ukufuduka kwezilwanyana

Abatyeleli kwi-Serengeti yokugcina banomtsalane ngamanqwanqwa amaninzi ebomini babemi basendle, owona mnye owona mkhulu ukufuduka kwamanqatha, ukuba uchaneke ngakumbi, i-wildebeest kunye namadiza. Izigidi zeenkomo zezilwanyana zihlutha kwiindawo ezibonakalayo kwaye zingapheliyo zeSerengeti.

Ziyalandelwa ngokukhawuleza zizilwanyana, kungabi naliphi na umzuzu ofanelekileyo wokuzingela. Ngaphambi kwabo, kwaye abaqhwabayo baqhubela phambili, okubaluleke kakhulu kwikhonkco lokutya kwezi ndawo.

Ukufuduka okunjalo kwi-National Park kwenzeka ngexesha likaFebruwari-Juni. Ienkomo zihamba ngasentla ngeli xesha, zihamba ngasempuma. NgoSeptemba, bathunyelwa kwakhona, baze bafike kwiDisemba ngasentshona kumazwe asentshona.

Imvula yemvula ibangela ukuba i-herbivores idlulele eMasai Mara - kukho amadlelo amatsha. Ukuba akukho mvula, iinqaba ezisenyakatho ziba ziintshaba. Kwaye kwenzeka njalo ngamaxesha onke - abemi baseSerengeti Park (Afrika) baxosha imimandla emikhulu yokutya, ngexesha lonke befaka ubomi babo engozini.

Imiqathango yabakhenkethi

Kwipaki yesizwe kukho zonke iimeko zokufumana ixesha elihle lokutyelela abakhenkethi. Inani elikhulu leehotele, iinkampu kunye neenkampu zeentente zinika iindwendwe ezilula. Kwintsimi yepaki kukho iindawo zokudlela apho unako ukunambitha ukutya okumnandi, okunelisayo kunye nokungabizi. Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokutyelela le paki yonyaka owomileyo. Emva koko izhenketho ziyakwazi ukuzibona ngokubodwa indlela ubomi bezilwanyana ezixhamla ngayo. Ngethuba lexesha lemvula kunokwenzeka ukubona indlela ukufuduka kweenkomo zeengxowa-mbuso eziqhubekayo.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukutyelela kwi-Serengeti akuyi kushiya nabani na ukungaboniyo kwaye ixesha elide liza kunika iimbandezelo nakwizhenketho ezintle kakhulu.