Iinxalenye neemveliso igazi

Amayeza zifunyenwe ngqo egazini ngokwayo, ekuthiwa iimveliso igazi. Amaqhezu iziphumo nga ngokubonakalayo ukwandisa imida ngezakhi zofuzo, kwaye okona kubalulekileyo - kwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa izakhi ezithile igazi kunye plasma, kufuneka libe nefuthe elibonakalayo. iimveliso igazi bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amathathu: inyathelo ezintsonkothileyo, immunoglobulins (immunologically esebenzayo) kunye hemostatic.

Amalungiselelo amanyathelo ezintsonkothileyo. plasma

iziyobisi amanyathelo complex ziquka plasma yegazi kunye albumin. Ifuthe - zokubonelela hemodynamic kunye nesenzo antishock. plasma Fresh kungahlala yi ngokupheleleyo ugcina zonke iimpawu, ngoko ukusetyenziswa kwayo esifanelekileyo. Kukho ezinye iintlobo ze plasma: owomileyo (ngumkhenkce-eyomileyo) kunye engamanzi (lweenkobe). Ngexesha inkqubo yokuvelisa, bona kakhulu balahlekelwe iimpawu zazo impiliso, ngoko ukusebenzisa kwabo ayikho yimpumelelo. Fresh emkhenkceni ezifunyenwe yi plasmapheresis okanye centrifugation igazi lonke, ukuqanda kwenzeka emva kokuba yokuqokelela igazi exhasanayo kwiiyure zokuqala 1-2. Agciniweyo amalungiselelo kungahlala igazi lingaba ukuya kunyaka omnye kwiqondo lobushushu ze ukusuka ku-1 ukuya kwi-25 degrees okanye ngezantsi. Ngeli thuba, yonke imibandela egcinwe plasma coagulation, amacandelo fibrinolysis anticoagulants.

Ukulungiselela plasma igazi

igazi isiyobisi iplasma entsha zibambene. Phambi kokuqala ukutofelwa, kuyimfuneko ukulungisa ichiza. Plasma iye zinyibilikisiwe emanzini ashushu ogama lobushushu ayikho ngaphezu kweqondo lama-37-38. bag Plastikatny ne biomaterial nga kuzolula izandla zabo ukukhawulezisa inkqubo. Ukungqinelana imiyalelo eziqhotyoshelweyo, i-plasma zinyibilikisiwe kufuneka kuphalazelwa phezu ilixa elandelayo. Emva kulungiselelwa inokubangela Imihlubulo fibrin, kodwa amvimbe ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo umgangatho plastikatnye igazi ukuba baxhotyiswe kunye izihluzi.

Awukwazi baluphose plasma ukuba wafumana egazi ezinkulu, clouding ebonakalayo - bubungqina bokuba beziyobisi ezingekho mgangathweni. Kuphephe ukuqanda phindo kunye thawing plasma entsha zibambene.

Ichiza yenziwa igazi lomntu kufuneka agalelwe ukusuka kwingxowa enye ukuya izigulane ezininzi. Kwakhona, i-plasma ayikwazi kusala ukuba inkqubo elandelayo emva ibhegi plastikatny kokuba depressurized. Ukuba sensebilizirovan nomonde ukuba ulawulo parenteral yezenzo kwiproteni, oko counter kuthungwa fresh zibambene plasma yegazi. Ukuthintela basabela zophendlo lwezifo athathe iisampuli zebhayoloji, kwakunye ukutofelwa igazi lonke.

igazi

plasma Fresh emkhenkceni, eliphalala isigulane kufuneka athathwe umntu neqela gazi njengoko isigulane, ngokutsho inkqubo AB0. Xa likaxakeka, ukuba akukho plasma odnogruppnoy, imixube zilandelayo anemvume:

• Plasma: Group A (II) - isigulane: group igazi 0 (I)
• Plasma: Kwiqela (III) - isigulane: group igazi 0 (I)
• Plasma: group AB (IV) - isigulane: igazi na.

Uvavanyo iqela ehambelanayo akwenziwanga. iimveliso igazi (plasma) ziboniswe:

• syndromes trombogemorragicheskih
• igazi kwizigulana,
• iinkqubo nokulimala,
• sophele diathesis: kuquka kubazali bakhe uhlobo A and B,
• syndromes othile,
• e hemorrhages mass (kwama-25%), iplasma igazi kunye iiseli ezibomvu okuhambelana ubunzima.

plasma enokusebenziseka fresh frozen ekunyangeni izigulane thrombosis nezolo kwemithambo, ngokuqhelekileyo imvelaphi streptokinase okanye amanye amalungiselelo fibrinolytic.

albumin

Ezinjalo iimveliso iziyobisi igazi ezinjengealbumin, ayafumaneka izisombululo ukuzikisa ingqondo -5, 10 no-20%. Iproteni kuyasetyenziswa kunye albumin nyulu, oko iqulethe alpha beta globulin. isisombululo albumin emva kokuba ukuqaliswa kuwo of ekwenzeni nako ukumelana pasteurization. Kwaye oko kuyanceda okunqanda iintsholongwane ze-HIV ne hepatitis. Albumin isetyenziswa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo bothukile - steel, kubuhlungu, ukutsha. Alawulwa ngurhulumente ukudumba wayo, nto leyo zibangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwi ekwakhiweni protein igazi, kunye nelahleko enkulu albumin esibindini (ascites, ukuqina kwesibindi, ukutsha). Albumin e izisombululo kanzulu asetyenziswa xa kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa umthamo ulwelo kuzo ephilayo (ukuba ukusilela intliziyo, nokudumba ebuchotsheni).

5% yoxinaniso yokulungiselela yegazi (albumin) isetyenziselwa ilahleko igazi xa kufuneka kuqheleke uxinzelelo lwegazi. Xa ungena albumin kunye nokopha eziphawulekayo eya kuhlanganiswa kunye ukutofelwa iiseli ezibomvu. Xa albumin ezingabantwana ngoyena usetyenziswa rhoqo njengesisombululo-10%.

immunoglobulin

iimveliso igazi amayeza - immunoglobulin - zenza iqela elikhulu kumalungiselelo ngumzimba. Bona ngokukhuthala ukulwa nezifo ezosulelayo. Ukuziqhelisa lwezonyango, le ezininzi eziqhele ukusetyenziswa gamma globulin. Iimveliso ezithile zibe nefuthe ephakamileyo kwezonyango, ukuba ujoliswe nominxano, kobuchopho nokutsha komphathi wokukhusela-esindayo, umkhuhlane kunye nezinye izifo ezosulelayo.

Kusebenza kakhulu immunoglobulin kwi ukunyanga purpura idiopathic thrombocytopenic. Iziyobisi kweli qela ephathwa intramuscularly. Greater ukusebenza imveliso immunoglobulins ehlambulukileyo zilawulwa yegazi. Oku kungenxa yokuba kwiproteni nangoko engena kwemithambo yegazi ayilwamkeli ibakala ukwetyisa yi proteases zeethishu.

amachiza Hemostatic kuzo izifo egazini

iziyobisi Hemostatic - a lwefibrinogen protrombirovanny cryoprecipitate ezintsonkothileyo. Kule yokugqibela iqulethe isixa esikhulu Antihemophilic globulin (ngenye indlela - VIII-coagulation factor) kunye von Willebrand factor, lwefibrinogen kunye factor XIII-fibrinstabiliziruyuschego kunye nezinye neeproteni eyonakalisayo. La machiza ziyafumaneka ukuze unyango igazi kwiingxowa zeplastiki, ezineengqayi e eyomisiweyo okanye emkhenkceni. Ngaba ezisetyenziswa isifo von Willebrand, kubazali bakhe A kunye nezinye iintlobo ukopha.

Zeziphi iimveliso igazi elisetyenziswa isifo ukopha usana, kubazali bakhe B, libanda of anticoagulants? Kule meko protrombirovanny esimbaxa isetyenziswa (CSF okanye PPSB). Xa engekho, yaqalisa plasma entsha zibambene.

Lwefibrinogen has a umda elilinganiselweyo isicelo, isetyenziswa kuphela nokopha, nto leyo unobangela lwefibrinogen intswelo. Kumatyala hypofibrinogenaemia, apho kungenxa yokuba thrombus syndrome, endaweni iiproteins ezingenambala zavelisa plasma entsha zibambene. lwefibrinogen lihlanjululwe akuthethi balance kunye coagulants zendalo kunye kwemithambo yegazi unokujongana coagulation, kwaye oku ukwandisa ukusilela kwezintso nezengekho miphungeni. Ukwenza le intsilelo wathi candelo, kungcono ukuba usebenzise plasma.

Haemostatics isicelo ekula

iimveliso zegazi efanayo indlela kuqaliswa ikakhulu butofelwe, nangona kukho iqela arhente hemostatic ukuba isicelo ngokwemixholo - ngelixa ukuyeka ukopha yangaphandle, nto leyo zenzeke ngexesha utyando. arhente ezinjalo ziquka isiponji hemostatic, fibrin umboniso, thrombin, swab kubola, kunye nezinye eziphilayo. Isiphumo esisiseko iye thrombin. Ibangela ukuyilwa egazi ukuba thrombosing lumens of imithambo yegazi kwinkalo ukopha. hemostatics ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kakhulu hemostasis kwizigqeba parenchymal ezonakeleyo indawo.

iziponji Fibrin kunye Makubulelwe kwiipropati yayo koomatshini iifilimu, isetyenziswa kuphela xa ethe ukopha. Njengoko izinto zeplastiki, baye isetyenziswa kunyango izilonda lwemithambo, kunye nokutsha. Xa neurosurgery fibrin umboniso esetyenziswa advantageously kwi ukuswela replacement laseDura.

Ngaphandle amalungiselelo ngasentla, kukho kweno iipropati ububona kunye antianemic. Ezi ziquka bio-stimulator "Polibiolin" yaye "ERIGO".

izifo yegazi

kuvela iimeko yezifo nemithambo kwiimeko zokulahleka bhetyebhetye xa zaqina okanye ubunjwe ngenxa nokwanda ityhefu kuyo. Kukho ezi zifo zilandelayo: migraine, yamafutha esinokubangela stroke, DYSTONIA nemithambo. Kuyo nayiphi na ubudala, ukuphelelwa luthambe kwemithambo yegazi kunye ezivaleke ngayo isigulane lifumana ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• imemori ngumonakalo kunye kwesi- engqondweni;
• ukuphazamiseka kokulala;
• uphuhliso uxinezeleko, ngokonakala morale;
• ndindisholo;
• chronic fatigue;
• nesiyezi rhoqo.

Kwakhona abangele ukungasebenzi iimpahla unokuba umqolo atyiwe osteochondrosis wesibeleko. Kulo mzekelo, ukuze nokuba yonakele Umthambo vertebral otyisa ingqondo. Okokuqala kufuneka ukuba utho- unobangela, oko kukuthi, ukuze aphathe yomqolo, uze wenze neempahla: .. Iziyobisi kuphela okwethutyana lulekani iimpawu ezibuhlungu.

Iziyobisi for imithambo yegazi

Amalungiselelo unyango imithambo intliziyo negazi zobuchopho ezahlukileyo, konke oko kuxhomekeke kumgaqo amanyathelo. Wonke umntu uluhlu zabo kwezicelo. Iqela uthandwayo iziyobisi zithathwa ukuba izisombululo ukuphucula ukujikeleza yobuchopho, dilatation nemithambo. Yahlula la machiza ngokwamaqela amathathu:

• myotropic (uvuleka izihlunu ezigudileyo) - i "Dibazol", "Eufillin";
• neurotropic (iziphumo iiseli zemithambo-luvo) - i "reserpine", "Validol";
• nitrate (indibanisela imigaqo ezimbini isenzo) - i "Nitrosorbit", "Nitroglycerin".

Kuxhomekeka ekwakhiweni kwaye nefuthe kumaqela ezimbalwa:

• blocker Calcium. ion calcium, ezenza imithambo yegazi ezonakala ngakumbi, nzima yaye kubangele valiweyo. Uninzi kula machiza ukuphucula ukujikeleza lobuchopho. Izifo zentliziyo akufuneki isetyenziswe. blocker calcium ihlelwa zibe kwizizukulwana ezithathu. Eyokuqala isekelwe phezu amacandelo aphambili amathathu (nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem). Ukuze le mithi isizukulwana lwesibini "Klentiazem", "tiapamil", "Nimodipine". Kwaye eyesithathu "Amlodipine" "Norvasc". Izinto eziluncedo ze-yokugqibela kukuba uneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa, ukuba bakhethe kunye kuyoluka.
• isityalo-based amayeza. The main inzuzo - ubuncinane Izimo kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Okudambisa aqaqambayo. Kuphuculwe ukuhamba kwegazi.
• Amalungiselelo eziqulathe nicotinic acid, inceda ukwehlisa cholesterol egazini, ukunciphisa ingozi neplaque Ukwakheka. Kuphumelele ngokumalunga imithambo yegazi ezinkulu, kuchaphazela emithanjeni ezincinane. La amayeza kufuneka kwenziwe kuphela xa kagqirha unyango, ngokuba mabi isibindi (nicotinic acid, "Enduratin").
• amayeza Heart. iziyobisi ezifana ukuphucula ingqondo kunye nokutya umsebenzi kwentliziyo ngaxeshanye bunjani izitya ivaleke. Made ngokusekelwe inyibiba entilini, foxglove, Adonis ( "Amrinon", "Kardiovalen", "adonizid").

Amanye amachiza kuba unyango lwe negazi

Amalungiselelo iswekile egazini wenkqubo yinxenye ebalulekileyo unyango neziyobisi ziganeko njengenxalenye Kompeks ezenzeka unyango seswekile. Asingabo bonke abantu banako ukugcina normal kwinqanaba iswekile yegazi kunye ukutya echanekileyo nokwenza imithambo yomzimba.

Ukubandezeleka seswekile kufuneka uthathe iziyobisi kuqeshwa lukagqirha lokuba kwabancinane iswekile yegazi. Udokotela iinkcukacha lurid ikhondo unyango kunye idosi echanekileyo. arhente Hypoglycemic bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amathathu:

• Iziyobisi leyo yenza insulin ukusuka pancreas.
• Iziyobisi ezinyusa insulin uvakalelo.
• Iziyobisi zokunciphisa ukufunxeka carbohydrate.

Ethandwa kakhulu ke iqela lokuqala iziyobisi ukuphucula imveliso insulin yi zepancreas, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuthotyweni amaqondo eswekile yegazi. Ezi ziquka "Amarin", "Manini", "Novonorm", "Diabeton". La machiza kufuneka imiselwe kuphela ngugqirha. umzimba nganye yahlukile, abantu basabela ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Abanye aziboni isiphumo enyangayo, iswekile yegazi uhlala kwinqanaba elifanayo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ugqirha kufuneka liluqwalasele unyango kunye ukumisela eminye imithi okanye ukutshintsha oyidlayo.

iimveliso Iron ngenxa yegazi. Ngenxa yokunqongophala yentsimbi egazini azinako ukuba imali efunekayo mpilo, nto leyo enika inkqubo yogqithiselo erythrocytes oksijini evela nemiphunga zonke izicwili. Ifika oksijini yindlala. Isiphumo soku - anemia. amachiza Modern eziphucula igazi esetyenziswa ukunyanga anaemia, ziqulathe kumafa yabo imali efunekayo yesinyithi, onako ukubuyisela hematopoiesis yesiqhelo. Ndawonye nomnikelo kunzima ukuphumeza isiphumo ngokukhawuleza kangaka. Drug ithamo intsimbi lingaphaya nokwenziwa kwexabiso ngemihla Ferrum umzimba izihlandlo 20 kunokwenzeka. Ngoko ezama ukuba bazalise intsimbi kunye norhulumente sifo usebenzisa kuphela ukutya okunempilo ayiyi kunika iziphumo ezinqwenelekayo. Kufuneka amachiza ezizodwa.

1. Iindlela, zikhoyo kwi ekwakhiweni ngokohlobo iityuwa sulfate ayoni, equlethe mzimba unako ukuphucula yokwetyiswa kukufakwa compound efunekayo. Amachiza ithandwayo:

• Ipilisi "Tardiferron", "durules Sorbifer";
• Njengezingxobo "Ferrofolgamma" "Ferretab" "Fenyuls";
• Njengezingxobo abantwana, isiraphu, ilahla "Aktiferrin";
• ukuhlanganiswa kumxube yentsimbi gluconate, manganese nezinki - "Totem";
• Iipilisi "gemofer";
• i uju luncedo ezaziwayo-kakuhle "Hematogen".

2. imithi eziqulathe zentsimbi ferric. Uphawu kukusetyenziswa malungiselelo ngohlobo yesinyithi hayidroksayidi polimaltozata:

• tablets "Ferrum Lek", "Maltofer", "Biofer";
• isisombululo isiraphu amathontsi "Fenyuls" "Maltofer" "Ferlatum";
• izisombululo yokuziphatha intramuscular "Ferrum Lek", "Maltofer", "Argeferr", "Venofer", "Kosmofer".

Iinaliti zisetyenziswa xa isigulane unalo sisifo phecana zesisu, izilonda nobeempahla ezincinane, kwakunye kuqhume ziboniswa kunye nokulahlekelwa igazi enkulu. Yomqhubi efakwa lolawulo ezi mpawu kunokwenzeka thrombophlebitis ukulungiswa.