Iimeko zikaxakeka kubantwana: umonzakalo, ukutsha, ityhefu. likaxakeka

imizimba zabantwana zahluke kakhulu ezisebenza abangafezekanga babo abadala. Yiloo nto ebangela ukuba sesichengeni yalo phezulu kunye susceptibility bephenjelelwa imiba eyahlukeneyo ezimbi. Xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abadala, iimeko zonxunguphalo avalelwe abantwana zixhaphakile kakhulu ngakumbi. Isiphumo HIV uxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo uncedo oluchanekileyo lokuqala. Eli nqaku wazisa kakhulu rhoqo zonyango ezingxamisekileyo zoncedo lokuqala, nto leyo ifuna ixhoba.

Ingcamango yokuba iimeko zikaxakeka

iimeko abantwana Emergency - kuba phambi iimpawu kunye nemiqondiso ezisongela ubomi umntu oselula. Kwimeko enjalo kufuna uncedo olungxamisekileyo nangoko ukusuka kuhanjiso yayo iya kuxhomekeka ubomi indoda encinane.

Isiseko ukunceda abantwana babeka Umgaqo ezinkulu: "Ngaba akukho nto imbi." Lidla abazali (kunye kohola ingenzeka) enze impazamo ngokukhetha umthamo ichiza, hlanganisa ngokufanelekileyo amayeza banikwa uhlobo olwahlukileyo lwamayeza, ezo ke, esibhedlele, yenza kube nzima ukulungisa isifo.

Ukuba kukho iimeko zonxunguphalo avalelwe abantwana, kufuneka ngoko nangoko unyango, ngokuba kulibaziseka into eninzi kakhulu.

Iimpawu zomzimba, predisposing kuphuhliso iimeko zikaxakeka

Esemncinane abantwana ezinye iimpawu kulwakhiwo kunye nophuhliso lweenkqubo umbutho ezinegalelo yokuba kwiimeko ezifuna unyango olungxamisekileyo, kwenzeka ngakumbi rhoqo.

1. Ukuba sicinga yegazi, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuqaqambisa ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Zingane zokuqala iinyanga ezimbini zobomi esilawulwa ngentliziyo ngasekunene nangasekhohlo babe zobude encinane, nto leyo negalelo kuphuhliso ukusilela ventricular ngasekhohlo.
• Ubude omkhulu systole ukuba predisposes phumeleli intliziyo.
• lokuvuthwa ezimagqagala kwenkqubo Uhanjiso kunye izihlunu intliziyo, ukungafezeki ezingummiselo reflex intliziyo kunokukhokelela ukuphazamiseka rhoqo kwesingqisho intliziyo.
• Iimpahla ziphuhliswa kakuhle umaleko kwezihlunu kwegazi pulmonary, nto leyo enokwenza uphuhliso nomfutho miphungeni.
• permeability Ubuninzi emithanjeni pulmonary predisposes ukuba nokudumba yemiphunga, unikwe ukuba xi intendelezo ngasekhohlo ngamaxesha-2 ngaphantsi kwe abadala.
• Nokuba ukuhla okuncinane komthamo elijikeleza igazi liqulunqe iimpawu zonyango ukopha.
• Ubuchopho ikhutshwa ngokobutyebi ligazi, umqobo igazi-kobuchopho a permeability ephakamileyo lula sicatshulwa ityhefu, ubuthi iintsholongwane ukuba kujikeleziswa egazini. Kwaye oko kungakhokelela kumonakalo ebuchotsheni.
• ephuma Enzima igazi lwemithambo kudala zonke iimeko ukudumba ingqondo kunye ulwandiso fluid, nto leyo ibeka uxinizelelo olukhulu isicwili sobuchopho.

2. Le nkqubo nokuphefumla kwakhona akukho iphelele;

• Unciphise kwingqula, uqhoqhoqho kunye bronchi, uphuhliso elibuthathaka kwimicu zabo elastic kwezihlunu, lo ukuthamba ka intlala, igazi ngokugqithiseleyo ukuze adale imiqathango ukwenzela uphuhliso kwezifo yokukrala yomoya.
• kulinganiselwe kakhulu amandla zembuyekezo ngokwandisa volume nokurhoxa kunye nezinga zokuphefumla ngenxa isakhiwo ezizodwa esifubeni.
• Umsebenzi umqobo yethishyu epithelial le bronchi ngokwaneleyo, ezibuthathaka ukhohlokhohlo reflex, nto leyo eyenza umsebenzi akhuselayo qhagamshelana ne-HIV emzimbeni wosana olo.

3. I-luvo unalo mpawu zilandelayo:

• Le neuron nangoku umahluko encinane, iye nesiphumo esincinci iindawo yenkqubo-nervous system, kodwa ukuyilwa sinyuka reticular na isandi esikhulu, nto leyo inceda ngayo kwentamo lobuchopho.
• Umsebenzi eziphakamileyo Hippocampus predisposes inkangeleko ukuxhuzula.
• ithoni nakolu kwenkqubo onovelwano luvo, ngoko ke kids kaninzi kwegazi peripheral, sinotyekelo komzimba, tachypnea.

Zonke ezi mpawu igalelo yokuba iimeko zonxunguphalo xa abantwana kakhulu kuxhaphake kakhulu kunokuba kubantu abadala, yaye zifuna unyango ezinkulu.

Iimpawu ezifuna uncedo esibhedlele

abazali abaninzi akhuselayo kakhulu impilo yabantwana babo abancinane, yaye zokwahluka encinane ziyakupheliswa phones oogqirha babantwana, kodwa ahlangabezane oomama kunye abazali baba lilize. Nakuba kunjalo, nawuphi na ugqirha sibala nje iimpawu ezimbalwa ezibonisa ukuba umntwana ufuna ngokungxamisekileyo uncedo lwezonyango. To ezo ziquka:

1. ukufunda High kwi ithemometha, umzekelo, amaqondo obushushu malunga 39 degrees, ingakumbi xa emva kokufumana antipyretics oko kuncitshiswa ixesha elifutshane kwaye kwakhona ezirhubuluzayo up.
2. Ihlanza kuyo nayiphi na imeko ifuna replacement fluid, nangemini yento phantse non-stop, ufuna uncedo ngoko nangoko. Oku kunokukhokelela emzimbeni, nto leyo eyingozi ukuba umntwana. Ngaphandle ukugabha kube ngumqondiso ye ezimbi ngakumbi kakhulu, ezifana appendicitis, usulelo inkqubo wokuchama, emathunjini.
3. Emzimbeni kunokwenzeka kwaye kungabangela sorhudo kakhulu, nto leyo nzima ukuyeka. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kwakhona, kufuneka oogqirha uncedo ngokukhawuleza.
4. Ukuphefumla iingxaki. Baya angavela ngenxa lokukhubeka emzimbeni langaphandle ngokuma okanye uphuhliso sombefu.
5. Ukuba endleni zosana baba lutyhido okanye sizizifanya igazi, oko kusenokubonisa ukuba ekuqaleni ukopha lwangaphakathi, yaye yintoni ndawo - kuphela ugqirha ukubona.
6. Ukuxhuzula, ndlongondlongo ngesiquphe, okanye ukozela asenokubonisa ukuba kukho ukwenzakala ebuchotsheni esibuhlungu. Emergency Care kwiimeko ezinjalo kufuneka wenziwe ngokukhawuleza.
7. Ukusetyenziswa kumacwecwe, izixhobo zonyango ezahlukeneyo, apho umntwana kwi emithi ekhaya. Libanda, kungenzeka ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo, yaye akukho bani waziyo indlela abasabela ngayo usana emzimbeni phezu ndlela, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba mabakhale ugqirha.

omama abaninzi bavakalelwa enobuchule xa umntwana wabo ngokwenene ingozi, kwaye xa kunokwenzeka, nokungoyiki, kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo ayimfuneko.

uncedo lokuqala amanxeba kwengqondo ebuhlungu

abantwana Small kuwa rhoqo ngokwaneleyo, kodwa zonke ukuwa ezinokubangela kabi ekhanda. Ukuba umntwana yawa kubude encinane, umzekelo, ukusuka kwesingqengqelo, ngoko mhlawumbi, ide akayi kuza, kodwa eziwa etafileni uye kwenkulu.

Amaxesha amaninzi abazali kakhulu uwajongele phantsi amandla amavumba kwaye ishiya nemiqhathane yodwa phezu kwetafile ezishi-. Ngamanye amaxesha nje imizuzu embalwa, kwaye usana phantsi. Ukuba umntwana hit intloko yakhe, kunyanzelekile ukuba alubonise kugqirha. Iimpawu eziphambili ezibonisa yokwenzakala kwengqondo neentlungu:

• ukulahleka lokuqonda;
• iimpawu ezicacileyo umonakalo phezu kwentloko;
• isicaphucaphu kunye nokugabha.

Emva kokuba wabumba ukuwa hematoma intracranial, ubukho abathi ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• smoothes usonga nasolabial;
• kwanciphisa ikhaliphe imicu;
• bradycardia;
• ulwimi kutenxa kokumiselweyo.

Emergency Care kule meko kufuneka wenziwe ngokukhawuleza, kungenjalo oko kunokubangela ukusilela. Oko ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Jika nomonde uze ugcine kuphumla.
2. Ukuba kuphazanyiswa ukuphefumla, kufuneka usebenzise duct.
3. Ukuba akukho ezingqondweni, umntwana kufuneka kubekwa kwicala lasekunene.
4. Suctioned kwe yencindi emlonyeni.
5. Ukuba kukho overdriving esiluqilima, swa koteka ku fambisa isisombululo droperidol 0.25% nganye ml 0.2 ikhilogram ubunzima bomzimba ngalinye.

Emva zoncedo lokuqala abantwana esibhedlele kufuneka wenziwe nakanjani. Ukuba umntwana lowo, akukho mfuneko yokuba ithemba, ukuba bonke ngokwayo iya kuqhubeka, kungcono kwakhona ukuba isiphoso.

yokulimala kwamehlo

Ukuba uwa ngokufuthi encane nga kukhubeka phezu into ezibukhali kwenzakale iliso. umothuko ocular abe kuwo, xa zonke zoleko zonakele, kunye neehempe. Ukucacisa ngobungakanani bomonakalo nokubonelela ngoncedo olufunekayo ukuze umntwana ngokukhawuleza kufuneka uthumele i-arhente ezikhethekileyo.

yokulimala kwamehlo oluncinane lunokwenzeka emva ukunxibelelana izinto zasemzini, ukususwa ogama kufuneka kuqhubana wamehlo. Umntwana unako ukufumana kwaye utshisa iliso, oku kudla ngokwenzeka kwimililo okanye emva ukuphathwa Ozidelayo kweekhemikhali. In likaxakeka kufuneka pula amehlo ngamanzi kunye ithontsi aphilileyo 'sulfacetamide, "uze ubonise umntwana kwagqirha.

Ukunceda akungenxa libaziseko unyango okanye ukukhathaza ngxaki leswikulu ziimfama.

Nceda xa ityhefu

Kids - abalandeli njalo into ukutsala emlonyeni, ngoko ke yityhefu kwenzeka qho. Isizathu kungaba:

• izinto ezahlukeneyo imichiza ukuba umntwana ovele aphoswe ekhitshini okanye kwigumbi lokuhlambela.
• Amacwecwe kwikhithi ekhaya.
• Amakhowa and more.

Kudla ngokuthi abazali awuyazi into anetyhefu kid yabo, waza ke yena wathi akakwazi noko. Uncedo kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo elolu hlobo kufuneka kuphela kulandelayo:

1. Ukuba into zinetyhefu engena eluswini, kufanele kube kuhle ukuba ahlambe phantsi kwamanzi aphilileyo kwaye ungazithambisi cream otyebileyo okanye aqholiweyo.
2. Kwimeko lokudibana ngamehlo qala nabo, sebenzisa umhlabelo, abulawe uye kwagqirha.
3. Ukuba kukho carbon monoxide, ixhoba kufuneka aziswe kwindawo enempepho umntu. Ukuba ukuphefumla eyeka kuyimfuneko ukufika i CPR zezigulane.
4. Emva ukuqhagamshelana ne into zinetyhefu ngaphakathi kuyimfuneko kuqala kwiinto zonke, ukuba bandiqumbise ukugabha kunye nesisu wokuhlamba kunye nesisombululo potassium permanganate.

Oku kufuneka ibe uncedo pre-zonyango zonxunguphalo ebantwaneni, ukuba yityhefu. Zonke ezinye iinkqubo eyenziwa ngugqirha esibhedlele apho ufuna ukuhambisa umntwana.

ukutsha

Ukuba undwendwela iiyunithi ukutsha okanye amaziko, ungenza bethe nje ukuba inani labantwana abakuwo. Lidla kwabenzi konke oku ngabazali ngokwabo. Ayekwa esesiphelweni etafileni imbiza ebilayo, okufana ingafumaneki umntwana - kwaye kwanangaphambi inkathazo ngenene busondele. Baby kume nje ngohlangothi itanki kunye namanzi ashushu ephalaza kuye entloko ukuya toe. unina esezweni kuphela ukuba uthathe intloko yakhe kwaye ndileqeka esibhedlele umntwana.

Emva kokuba itshiswe kufuneka ngoko nangoko ukunika uncedo ukuba umntwana wokuqala. PMP yile ilandelayo xa amanxeba:

• Kumphezulu abenzakeleyo kufuneka ukuba ifakwe umhlabelo, ukuba furatsilinom okanye novocaine.
• Ngaphakathi unako unganikeza ichiza iintlungu.
• Ukuba indlu a Burns ukutshiza okanye gel, umzekelo, "Panthenol", "Livian", oko kuyimfuneko ukuze ukunyanga inxeba.

Ukuba umntwana elinyukayo indawo enkulu emzimbeni, PMP eshe kufuneka zinikwe kuphela esibhedlele.

Ukulimala Abantwana

Uninzi lwabantwana ngenxa yobudala kwabo banomdla kakhulu, bona njalo into ukuphonononga, phantse ehleli endaweni enye. Fumana iintlobo yokwenzakala - them Itrayi. Phakathi umonakalo yokuba ndinako ukumelana nabazali, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukwenza ngaphandle ambulance:

1. Amanxeba. Abantwana Ungathanda ukudlala izinto ezibukhali, ingakumbi la makhwenkwe, ngoko ukuze le yokwenzakala kakhulu lula. Ukuba umntwana lowo wagawulwa, ngoko kuqala kwiinto zonke kuyimfuneko ukuba ahlambe kakuhle enxebeni nokunyanga arhente yokubolisa, ezifana hydrogen peroxide. Emva koko, sebenzisa umhlabelo wawuqalekisa. Ukuba ukwenzakala omkhulu ukopha kakhulu luqala, i uncedo lokuqala liya kuxhomekeka ekubeni inqanawa yonakele. ukopha lwemithambo ufuna tourniquet, kwaye lwemithambo ucinezelo umhlabelo anele.
2. Dislocations komsipha zidla abantwana, ezo ke ayimangalisi, unike ukuhamba kwabo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba isicelo ngumkhenkce kwisiza owenzakeleyo, sebenzisa umhlabelo, aze aye traumatologist ukucacisa uhlobo yokwenzakala. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ixesha ukubona ukuba ezinjengokwaphuka ukunika uncedo olusebenzayo.
3. Zaphuka. zokulimala azixhaphakanga xa abantwana kuba amathambo abo organic isiqulatho umcimbi ngaphezu ezimbiwa, ngoko ke amathambo ebantwaneni bhetyebhetye. Ke zonke ukulimala efanayo, kwaye ezinjalo olwenzekayo. Ukuba urhanela ezinjengokwaphuka kuyimfuneko ukuba yenze kwesebe owenzakeleyo ukuthintela ukubana emathanjeni, yaye ukuba uye esibhedlele, ukuba kunokwenzeka. Unako ubize inqwelo yezigulana. Ukuhlukumezeka esibhedlele uthatha umfanekiso ukucacisa site ukwaphuka waza wavalelwa isamente.

niphele

Uxilongo iimeko zonxunguphalo avalelwe abantwana kufuneka ubuncinane kancinane, kodwa eziqhelekileyo kubazali ukuze bakwazi ngexesha ukuba benze izicelo unyango kuyimfuneko. Umzekelo, ukuba ulusu kuba luthuthu kakhulu, izenzo umbilo ebandayo, isiyezi livela, oko kungaba uphawu esondelayo syncope.

Lose umntwana ukwazi unokuthi, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo:

• ibhola Strong;
• emadolweni;
• ukukhathala;
• ubushushu okanye sunstroke, ingakumbi uba ezibalulekileyo ngexesha eshushu;
• ukuba kakhulu ukutshintsha indawo tyaba ukuya nkqo;
• ukuba umntwana hit intloko yakhe, inokubangela ukulahleka sezingqondweni.

Abazali kufuneka ukwazi oko uncedo lokuqala kuyimfuneko ukuba umntwana kwezi meko:

1. Afefe ubuso ngamanzi abandayo.
2. U angasindisa uboya impumlo zomqhaphu umandlalo ammonia.
3. Sula iwhiskey elimnandi iityuwa.
4. Qiniseka ukuba intloko kufuneka ulale okwesibini ngecala lakho, ngenxa yokuba kaninzi in a urhulumente ngohlangothi.
5. Xa engekho ammonia nga usile iindlebe, unakho phezu kwezandla, impumlo.
6. Emva kokuba umntwana ubuyela ezingqondweni, amnike luphumlo omncinane basele tea ezishushu.

Ukuba niphele kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwayo, kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza, ukuze ukuphoswa uphuhliso kwizifo kakhulu.

isiphelo

Ukusuka konke oku kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba, xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abadala, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuba iimeko zikaxakeka ebantwaneni. kids zoncedo lokuqala kufuneka zinikwe ngaphandle kokulibazisa, ukuthintela uphuhliso iingxaki ezinzulu. Kuqala ke kufuneka sibe abazali ingqalelo, ngenxa yokuba, ukuba ukunyaniseka, uninzi abantwana bangamaxhoba yokungakhathali kunye nokuziphatha Ukungakhathali abadala.

Khusela abantwana bakho ukusuka kwindawo yabo coverage zonke izinto ezinobungozi kufuneka zisuswe, ngoko ke musa ukuba ubize inqwelo yezigulana ukuze ukugcina umntwana.