Iilwimi zakwaSirayeli. Ziziphi iilwimi ezithethwa kuSirayeli?

Abameli bamaqela ahlukeneyo kazwelonke bahlala e-Israel. Ukuhamba ngeenxa zonke kweYerusalem, umhenketho unokudibana njengomYuda wenkolo kwinqwelo kunye nempahla emnyama, kunye ne-Arabhu kwi-kerchief yesizwe. Ziziphi iilwimi ezithethwa kwaSirayeli namhlanje?

Iilwimi eziphambili

Okwangoku kukho iilwimi ezimbini ezisemthethweni kwaSirayeli - isi-Arabhu nesiHebhere. Ukongeza kubo, isiNtaliyane, isiPersi, isiRomania, isiTopiya, isiNgesi kunye nabanye abaninzi baninzi. IsiHebhere sinabantu abayizigidi ezi-5. Eli lilwimi oluphambili likaSirayeli. Nangona kunjalo, kuwo wonke umlando, isiHebhere siyeka ukuthetha ngolwazi lwemihla ngemihla. Kancinci, wathuthela kwiinkcukacha zonqulo, kwiinkcubeko, kunye neencwadi. Okungaqhelekanga isiArabhu. Nangona kunjalo, zombini iilwimi kwaSirayeli, isiArabhu nesiHebhere, zikarhulumente.

Kuphi u-Israyeli ngumTiyopiya?

Abantu abaza kwaSirayeli ngokokuqala ngqa bavuma ukuba imbono yabo yamaYuda iyashintsha ngokukhawuleza emva kokuhlangana kunye neentlanga zamaYuda aseTopiya. Loluntu lwamaYuda ahlala eNyakatho, kunye neNyakatho-Western Ethiopia. Abo banomdla kwiilwimi abazithethayo kwaSirayeli baya kumangaliswa kukuba enye yezona ziqhelekileyo zilimi lwesiTopiya. I-Falashi zizibona ziyinzala kaKumkani uSolomon noMthetheli waseShebha. Ngokusemthethweni baqashelwa ngamaYuda kungekudala, ngowe-1973 kuphela.

Ngaloo nto bafumana ilungelo lokufumana ubumi be-Israel. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuzange kuvunywe ngabaphathi baseTopiya. Ngaloo nyaka, umthetho wakhutshwa owenqabela abemi baseTopiya ukuba bahambe ezweni. Nangona amanye amalungu asekuhlaleni angakwazi ukuphunyuka, abaninzi babo bafa endleleni. Phakathi kwee-80, izikhulu zakwa-Israel zanqwenela ukugqithisa lo mqathango kwaye zizama ukufumana amaYuda avela e-Afrika. Emva kwemisebenzi emininzi kwiLizwe Lesithembiso, malunga nama-35,000 amaYuda aseTopiya ayethunyelwa. Yile ndlela ulwimi lwamaTiyopiya lusasazeka ngayo kwintsimi yakwaSirayeli yanamhlanje.

IsiArabhu kwaSirayeli

Isebe leMfundo le-Israel linomnyango okhethekileyo wase-Arab ophuhlisa ikharityhulam yesikolo kubafundi abakhuluma isiArabhu. Nangona ininzi yabo ifunda isiHebhere, abaninzi abanalo ngokwaneleyo. Ngokwale bhili-mali, abantwana besikolo besikolo samaYuda kufuneka bafunde isiArabhu, kunye neArabhu, kufuneka bafunde isiHebhere. Isi-Arabhu siye saba ulwimi olusemthethweni lukaSirayeli, kubandakanywa nenjongo yokugcina uxolo kweli lizwe. Iingcali zeelwimi zithetha ukuba inzala yama-Israyeli ekufundweni kolwimi lwesi-Arabhu kwiminyaka yamuva kwaye ngaphandle kokungeniswa kwamatyala akhethekileyo okwandayo.

Ukwanda kweRashiya

IPalamente yakwaSirayeli iye yaphinda iphinda icetywe ibhili-mali ngokusungulwa kolwimi lwesiRashiya kwiilwimi zeelwimi zaseburhulumenteni zikaSirayeli. Ukugqibela kwezinto ezinjalo kwilwayo kucetywayo ngo-Agasti 2008. Ulwimi oluqhelekileyo olufundiswa ezikolweni zaseIsrael yiNgesi. Kwaye kwakuqhele ukufundiswa kunye nolwesibini lwangaphandle, ngokomthetho, isiArabhu okanye isiFrentshi. Ukususela ngo-2008, nguRashiya. Nangona kunjalo, ezininzi iintetho zesiRashiya kwaSirayeli zimeli zesizukulwana esidala. Ngelo xesha, abantu abaninzi bathi ulwimi lwesiRashiya lufana nolwimi. Nangona kunjalo, inani elipheleleyo lomshicileli kwisiRashiya, kunye nabezindaba, lusondele kwinto epapashwe ngolwimi lwaseburhulumenteni kaSirayeli-isiHebhere.

Uninzi lwabaqhubi bezotyelelo kubaxhasi babo ukuba abayi kuba neengxaki zokunxibelelana xa behamba e-Israel. Oku kubangelwa ukuba malunga ne-20% yabemi beli lizwe lichanekile kakhulu ngesiRashiya. Kwiminyaka edluleyo malunga namaYuda ayizigidi ezivela kumazwe aseSoviet Union athuthele kweli lizwe, apho iRashiya yayingumthonyama. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abatsha besizukulwana esitsha bakhetha ukusebenzisa ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni lukaSirayeli ngesiHebhere.

Kususela kwimbali yesiHebhere

Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni lukaSirayeli lunomlando omde. Igama elithi "isiHebhere" liguqulelwe ngokutsho ngokuthi "ulwimi lwesiHebhere". Leli gama labonakala malunga neminyaka eyi-100 edlulileyo, lutsha. Ngaphambi kwelo xesha, amaYuda abiza ulwimi lwabo ngolwimi olungcwele. Iingcali ezininzi zeengqungquthela zikholelwa ukuba ngesiHebhere iNkosi uThixo yaqhuba ingxoxo noAdam epharadesi. Nangona kunjalo, izazinzulu ziqaphele ngakumbi kwizigqibo zabo. Ngoluvo lwabo, isiHebhere sisilwimi sasendulo. Iminyaka yemibhalo ebhaliweyo yamandulo yesiHebhere, eyafunyanwa kwintsimi yakwaSirayeli, ingama-3000 iminyaka. Nangona kunjalo, izazinzulu ziqinisekile ukuba iincwadi zakudala zabhalwa ngaphambili - kwi-XII leminyaka BC. Eli xesha libhekwa njengesiqalo sembali yesiHebhere. AmaYuda asendulo asebenzisa iileta yaseFenike. Kubonakala ukuba bafundiswa le Kanana.

Iingcali zenzululwazi zikholelwa ukuba iileta ze-alfabhethi yaseFenike zivela kwi-hieroglyphs yakudala yaseYiputa. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba kuzo zonke ii-alphabets zanamuhla zivela - yi-Jewish, Greek, Latin, Arabic. I-Cuneiform ayizange ifakwe ingcambu. Kwasasazwa ngasenyakatho yeFenike. Kuze kube yimhla, incwadi yesiHebhere, nangona ifom eguqulelwe kakhulu, isetyenziselwa ukurekhoda iTorah. Kwinkulungwane ye-IV. BC. E. Ulwimi lwesiHebhere alupheli. Ngeli xesha, kwakukho ingozi enkulu yokulahlekelwa kwegama elifanelekileyo leemfundiso zonqulo ezahlukeneyo. Ngenkulungwane yesithandathu, iiprogram zokubhalwa kwetekisi zaveliswa ezichazwe ukubiza amagama. Siyabulela kule miqathango, ulwimi lwesiHebhere luye lwafika kwiintsuku zethu.

Inyaniso enomdla malunga namaSirayeli kunye nesiHebhere

Ngoko, siqwalasele impendulo kumbuzo wolwimi oluthethwa ngayo kwaSirayeli. Ziziphi ezinye iinkcukacha ezinokubangela umdla abo bafuna ukufunda okungakumbi malunga nenkcubeko kweli lizwe? Inkulu yakwaSirayeli yiYerusalem. Kusemgangathweni walo owona maziko aseburhulumenteni abalulekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, isikhulu sezoshishino zeli lizwe yiTel Aviv. Le yilapho ikomkhulu leenkampani ezihlukeneyo zikhona, kunye nama-consulates ngamazwe. Iveki kwaSirayeli ayifuni ngoMvulo, njengesiko kumazwe amaninzi, kodwa ngeCawa. NgoMgqibelo, ubomi buphantse bukhululeke. Nangona kunjalo, abahlali bendawo bathi ngoku iSabatha ayigcinwanga ngokungqongqo njengoko kwakuneminyaka eyi-15 edlulileyo. Ezinye izitolo zihlala zivulekile. Bathi e-Israel ungaphila ubomi kwaye ungekho isiHebhere. Kwaye abo baSirayeli abazalelwe apha baya kuba nako ukukuqonda.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuze ufumane umsebenzi, kufuneka ufunde ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni lukaSirayeli-isiHebhere. Yilwimi olulula. Yilungile kwaye ilungile. Iinkalo zayo eziphambili kukuba akukho zikhalazi kuwo, kwaye amagama abhaliwe ukusuka kwesokudla ukuya kwesobunxele. Abantu abaninzi banomdla kuluphi ulwimi abakuthethayo kwaSirayeli, kuba bangathanda ukwazi isiqhelo sendawo engcono. Akunzima ukufunda isiHebhere. Ekuqaleni kunzima ukunqoba ukunqwenela ukuvula iincwadi ukususela ekupheleni, kungekhona ekuqaleni. AmaHebhere amagama ambalwa ngokwaneleyo, kwaye izenzi zincinci kangama-4 kunesiRashiya. Kuthatha malunga neenyanga ezi-6 ukufunda indlela yokuchaza ngesiHebhere kunye nomsebenzi wococo lwemihla ngemihla.