IiArchasms kunye nembali. Imizekelo kunye nenjongo

Wonke umntu ofuna ukufunda nokuhlakulela, uhlala ezama ukufunda into entsha kwaye iluncedo kubo. Okubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo isigama, esingazange sibe ngumqondiso wexesha elide kuphela, kodwa sinokukunceda kwiimeko ezininzi ezingalindelekanga. Kule nqaku ungafunda malunga neentlobo zeengingqi kunye neembali. Imizekelo yamagama kunye nomxholo ungaphinda ufikeleleke ngokukhethekileyo ukufuna ukwazi.

Imbali

IiArchasms kunye neembali zembali zihlobo oluthile lwesigama. Kuye amagama angapheliyo. Imizekelo: iimbali zembali ziyi-axiksi; IiArchasms - oku kubi. I-Historicism ibandakanya amagama wezinto ezisetyenziswe ookhokho, kwaye ngokukhawuleza zifunyenwe kuphela kwiimyuziyam. Ngokomzekelo, igama elithi "pischal", elichaza uhlobo lwangaphambili lweempahla ezisetyenziswa eRashiya kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo. I-Historicism ifaka igama elithi "ax", echaza enye yeentlobo zezixhobo zokulwa. Kwakuyinto enjengeenkomo zanamhlanje, kodwa ngeendlela ezimbini.

Iimbali zembali

Isizathu esibalulekileyo sokuvela kwembali yembali ngexesha lexesha kwakukho utshintsho lobomi bokuphila bookhokho bethu, amasiko, ukuphuhliswa kwesayensi kunye nenkcubeko. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, iintlobo zeengubo ezilahlekile - iArmenian, i-caftan, i-camisole - yayisetyenzisiwe, kwaye oku kwabangelwa ukunyamalala kwamagama abo kulwimi. Ngoku iinjongo ezinjalo zifumaneka kuphela kwiinkcazelo zembali. Kukho amagama amaninzi aphelile ukuba asetyenziswe, kwaye ngoku ahlelwa ngokuthi "imbali". Umzekelo wale ngqiqo ngenye indlela okanye enye isiphafom echaphazelekayo eRussia. Phakathi kwabo - obrok, corvee, ngenise.

Archasms

Eli candelo liquka amagama achaza izinto kunye neengcamango ezikhoyo, kodwa ngokutshintsha amagama. Ngokomzekelo, ookhokho endaweni yeli xesha "eli" lathi "eli", kwaye "kakhulu" lalifana ne "zelo." Imbali kunye neengqungquthela, imizekelo yazo efunyenweyo kwimisebenzi emininzi yokubhala, ayigcinwanga ngokuthe ngenye indlela ngamanye amagama, ayenokutshintshwa kuphela. Umzekelo, ifowuni okanye ngokuziphatha.

Indlela i-archaisms ibonakala ngayo

Olu hlobo lwamazwi angapheliyo avela ngenxa yokuba emva kwexesha nasiphi isigama sigunyaziso sitshintsha, sitshintsha kwaye sihambelana nezinye iilwimi. Ngako oko, amanye amagama athatyathwa ngabanye, kodwa enentsingiselo efanayo. Le yinxalenye yesigama esiphelile, kodwa ayichitha ngokupheleleyo kulwimi. La magama agcinwa kwiincwadi, amaxwebhu kunye njalo. Ukudala iveliveli zembali, ziyimfuneko kakhulu, ukuze ukwazi ukuphinda uphinde umbala we-epoch echazwe.

Artictic Archasms

Olu hlobo lubandakanya amagama namanqaku anamhlanje, ahluke kwixesha elidlulileyo nje ngezandi ezimbalwa, ngezinye izikhathi kuphela. Ngokomzekelo, ii-shakta zintlanzi ziquka igama elithi "piita", ekugqibeleni laguqukela "imbongi", kwaye "umlilo" waba ngumlilo ".

I-Morphological Archaisms

Kuloluhlu lwamagama angasebenzi kwisakhiwo sabo. Ezi ziquka isibizo esithi "ukuqhaqhaqhaqhaqha", okubizwa ngokuthi "ukugqithisa", isichazi "sesabisa", saqhamuka saba "inyikoliso", isenzi esithi "ukuwa", ngoku ivakalisa "ukuwa" kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Aranisms Semantic

IiArchasms kunye neembali, imimiselo yamagama eqhubekayo yonke indawo, ihlala ilahlekelwa yintsikelelo yayo yonyani ngaphezu kwexesha. Ngokomzekelo, "ihlazo" lwanamhlanje elisetyenziselwa ukuba lingathethi nto ngaphandle kwe "mbonakaliso", kwaye indala "imihla ngemihla" yathetha into eyenziwe ngosuku olunye (umzekelo, "indlela yansuku zonke"), kwaye "ayiqhelekanga".

Ukusetyenziswa kwamhlanje

Ngamanye amaxesha la magama, aphelelwe yintsebenzo, atshintsha kakhulu kangangokuthi aqale asetyenziswe ngentsingiselo entsha. Oku kunokuthiwa ngeentlobo ezimbini kunye neembali. Umzekelo waleli igama elithi "ubukhosi". Ngethuba elidlulileyo, bayeka ukuyisebenzisa, kodwa ngoku libuyela kumzila. Ukuba ngaphambili kwakunokudibaniswa kuphela ngamazwi anjengegama elithi "ubukhosi" nelithi "i-monarchical," ngoku ububanzi bokusetyenziswa kwayo bukhulu kakhulu. Ngoku unokuva malunga nobukumkani bama-woodberries okanye abavukuzi, oku kuthetha ukuba lo msebenzi uzuze kwifa kumntwana. Ngamanye amaxesha amagama angapheliyo angatholakala kwiimeko eziyingozi.

Amazwi aqinile

Amagama angasetyenziswayo aqhubeke esebenza ngokugcwele kulwimi njengenxalenye yamazwi azinzile. Ngenxa yoko, ezinye iimbali zigcinwe. Umzekelo: igama elithi "buckwheat" lisasetyenziswe ngolwimi kumxholo wegama elithi "ukubetha iibhakethi", oko kuthetha ukuba "ukungafuni". Kuyafana okufanayo malunga nesigxina esicacileyo "ulungele i-lyasa", oko kukuthi, "ukuxoxa ngaphandle kokuyeka."

Ukuhlaziywa kweVS Revival

Kwakhona kwenzeka ukuba amagama olwazi lweelwimi ayenesibindi ngokubhekiselele kwimbali, kwakhona yaqala ukusetyenziswa ngenxa yokuba iingcamango ezazichaze, zaqala ukusetyenziswa. Oku kuya kwenzeka nokuba kukho into entsha, eyona ndlela ifana nomxholo osesikhatywayo okanye ohambelana nayo. Ngoku la magama akafani nezeembali. Umzekelo: ukuhlwa kobuhlwempu, ubuhlanga.

Isiphelo

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nangona onke amagama angasentla angasetyenziswayo, kunoko, isalathisi esingenanto, abayekanga ukudlala indima ebalulekileyo kuyo. Ukufunda imisebenzi yabalobi abakhulu njengoTolstoy, Dostoyevsky okanye iMayakovsky, unokuhlala udibanisa imbali kunye neengqungquthela, kwaye ukuqonda ngokucacileyo imbono yokuba umbhali wayefuna ukuthumela, kufuneka uqaphele intsingiselo yawo. Ngoko ke, xa udibana nelizwi elingaqhelekanga, kukulungele ukuguqulela kwisichazamazwi esigunyazayo.