Igrama Historical ulwimi Russian. Isifundo imbali ulwimi

Igrama mhlawumbi omnye kuqala ulwimi lenzululwazi, imvelaphi yayo ilala Indian imibhalo yamandulo Philologists. Eli gama lisetyenziswa kwi Greece yamandulo ngengqiqo ingqeqesho ukuba lifunda imigaqo yokubhala nokufunda. It is la amasiko ezimbini imvelaphi yayo njengoko umlungu, negrama Russian.

Kolwimi - se Ezolimi

igrama Historical ulwimi Russian - eli candelwana igrama eqhelekileyo, umbandela zokufunda apho ukusekwa teksto- kunye ilizwi, ie inkalo olusesikweni ulwimi. Njengoko sele kubonakala ukusuka isihloko, eli candelo Ezolimi, nguye onoxanduva lokusebenzisa esichanekileyo ulwimi kwintetho nasekubhaleni. Ngenxa yoko, ahlobene ezinjalo amagama afana "elifanelekileyo" yaye "charter 'ukuba semantically enxulumene leta, igama elifanelekileyo.

Igrama iseka unxibelelwano phakathi kwamagama kunye namacandelo intetho, kwaye ilawula ukuyilwa amagama owakha zolwimi. It ufunda inkalo ngokusesikweni ulwimi - igrama yayo. Kulo mzekelo, injongo yezifundo zakhe iyahluka morpheme (zincinane lebyi iyunithi lolwimi) kunye okubhaliweyo (inxalenye elizimeleyo inkulu inkqubo ulwimi).

Ngokuqhelekileyo, a igrama kuquka amacandelo ezimbini Ezolimi: i morphology kunye nohlelo. Uphononongo kuqala ilizwi Ngokwengcamango lwegrama, okwesibini - ulwakhiwo amagama. Ukongeza, orthoepy, isigama, ipateni yemizobo, imizobo, upelo ulwimi Russian ngokusondeleyo ukuya igrama, kuquka imbali.

Umanyano zegrama lungelelanisa

Musa ukulibala malunga uxhulumaniso engenakususwa igrama kunye nesigama, uhlobo kunye nesiqulatho kweengxelo. Ngamanye amaxesha intsingiselo lungelelanisa segama igqiba iimpawu zayo zegrama, ngamanye amaxesha - phezu koko.

Kuba igrama yembali akukho ngokubaluleka amancinci ubuhlobo lwesigama negrama. Umzekelo, izaci zenziwe ngenkqubo lexicalized: ifomu ntetho ilungiswe ngolwimi njengoko eyahlukileyo unit invariable kunye ezibalulekileyo ngokulandelelana. Grammaticalization, phezu koko, ubanga ilizwi kophawu lwegrama, ukuguqulela nayo udidi affixes kunye namagama abancedisayo.

Imizekelo yalo magama antsonkothileyo kulwimi Russian utshitshiseke intsebenziswano lwegrama yezembali kunye nesigama. Akusoloko amagama amatsha kulwimi akhiwa incrementing iiyunithi: kunye nophuhliso loluntu libe intsingiselo lixesha welizwi athenge ixabiso elitsha okanye ezongezelelweyo.

Yinkqubela imbali ulwimi lithuthwa, izinto zayo inkqubo ordering - inkqubo icaca lula. Noko ke, ukuze uqonde oku, kufuneka ube nokuqonda ziinkqubo eye yenzeka kwaye ibakho ngolwimi.

Imvelaphi yegrama yezembali

igrama ngembali yolwimi Russian, kwaye ngokubanzi yonke igrama Russian enemvelaphi yayo kwimibhalo Mihaila Vasilevicha Lomonosova zokujongana ulwimi Russian of enozalwano nezinye iilwimi Slavic nabaseYurophu. Isazinzulu Iinkqubo yamkele igrama njengendlela yokuziqeqesha yenzululwazi. Oku benkulungwane XIX kwaye ezinxulumene ngamagama afana uAleksandr Hristoforovich Vostokov, Izmail Ivanovich Sreznevsky kunye Fodor Ivanovich Buslaev.

"Igrama Historical ulwimi Russian" Valeriya Vasilevicha ivanova - oku linqanam sangoku nasekuphuhliseni inzululwazi yeelwimi. incwadi yakhe yapapashwa 80s kwenkulungwane lokugqibela, yaye namhlanje ingqalelo esi sikhokelo anegunya kubafundi amandla philological.

endabeni yokufunda

Ngoku igrama zembali - le yenye amacandelo Ezolimi, nto leyo echaza imithetho zotshintsho ngokwezembali isakhiwo lwimi kwinqanaba lwezandi namagama, yaye kwinqanaba le syntax ezintsonkothileyo. Ngaphezu koko, inzala ka inzululwazi olubhaliweyo noluthethwayo (iziyelelane) intetho. Wokugqibela ukuya kakhulu negalelo ekwakhiweni kwenkqubo yolwimi.

I V. V. ivanov ikhankanywe ngasentla ugxininisa ukuba igrama yembali ibonisa yinkqubo eguqu phezu yenguqu kwexesha le nkqubo wolwimi. Ulwimi kuphuhliswa imithetho yayo kunye nemigaqo yangaphakathi izigaba (phonology, lwesivakalisi, morphology, kunye nabanye).

Yegrama Russian F.I.Buslaeva ulwimi

Ekubeni igrama zembali - izifundo ezenziweyo kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye imisebenzi eziphambili zezifundo kwisifundo.

"Igrama Historical ulwimi Russian" Fedor Ivanovich Buslaev waba negalelo elibonakalayo imisebenzi ngalo mbandela. Ubukhulu becala, waba novulindlela indlela Ezolimi athelekisekayo. indlela Innovation kukuba umbhali uchaza ngolwimi owayephila yenguqu, ukuzoba kwiilwimi ezinxulumeneyo. Kungenxa ngokudibana yamandulo, Old Slavonic kunye nezinye iilwimi Slavic wabumba elingana boncwadi mihla.

Umbhali kuphela wakha izizekelo yokuma kwezivakalsi ulwimi, kodwa ufuna izinto zabo imvelaphi yamagama. Kuba Buslaeva imbali ulwimi sisixhobo ukuzama ukuqonda nesenzeko, ezaziwayo Ezolimi ngaphandle mihla.

Ivanov. igrama Historical ulwimi Russian

Labour Buslaeva kuso iinxalenye ezimbini: i esingelwe izandi namagama, oko kukuthi, lo morphology, owesibini - syntax. Ngenxa yoko, inani iinxalenye ncwadi liyangqinelana nenani izihloko negrama.

Isakhiwo ezahlukeneyo inalo ingenelo yolwimi Soviet V. V. ivanova, ezenzelwe abafundi-Philologists. Umbhali ngokwahlukeneyo ngokuqwalasela imvelaphi ulwimi Russian ingakumbi intsebenziswano wayo iilwimi ezinxulumene Slavic. Incwadi echaza imbali izinto ezahlukeneyo ngobukhulu zolwimi - ukuqalela izandi kunye nesiphelo syntax. Iyodwa ibonisa imbali imvelaphi kunye nophuhliso ngamnye izigaba zentetho.

igrama Historical ulwimi Russian kubafundi

Ekuhambeni yezikolo zolwimi Russian ezingachazwanga iwotshi ukuba ukufunda igrama zembali: Inkqubo ijolise kuphuhliso lolwimi mihla zoncwadi, kunokuba uxinezeleko kwimbali yawo. Noko ke, ulwimi Russian kunye ndlela iba kwisifundo enganiki mdla, injongo yakhe ephambili ukubamba imithetho kunye paradigms ezahlukeneyo. Indlela ulwimi lula kwaye icace kakhulu ukuba, ukuba ukutyhila yangaphambili yakhe! Kufuneka iqondwe into yokuba ulwimi - oku nentlama tyaba kwaye rhoqo ukutshintsha inkqubo: sihlala abaphuhlise ngathi eziphilayo.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi kuquka isikolo igrama zembali kulwimi Russian. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqhuba izifundo ngamnye eyayinikelwe nesihloko. Okwesibini, historicism singasenza ihambe ikhosi okufundisa esiqhelo njengento ezongezelelweyo le program. Imizekelo yalo magama antsonkothileyo kulwimi Russian, ingakumbi nefonetiki kunye izikhamiso nokuxuba - ezi kunye nezinye izihloko ezininzi iza kucaca kakuhle kakhulu xa echaza ukubandakanyeka kwabo iziphumo imigqaliselo yegrama zembali.

Musa ukulibala ukuba ikhosi uncwadi akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle koncedo imbali yolwimi, ingakumbi xa ukubazi kunye ezikhumbuzo zoncwadi Old Russian. Umzekelo, "Zibekeni" ayikho kuphela igcwele ngamazwi lixesha ayivakali kwisicatshulwa, kodwa kwakhona igama kufuna ehlaziya eyahlukileyo nembali.

Sinokholo yegrama yezembali

Ukwazi iinyaniso yegrama yezembali kuvumela ukuba indlela nentsingiselo ngakumbi ekufundeni ulwimi. Ngaphezu koko, kuya kuba kude kucace gca xa ufunda amacebo kunye paradigms emele naye. Ukubhala uthethe kakuhle, akukho mfuneko yokuba bafunde lukhulu lwemithetho kunye exceptions ngentloko - igrama yezembali ulwimi Russian kuya kukunceda uqonde iinkqubo ubhalo kwenzeka kulo.