IFomu, umsebenzi kunye nobungakanani kweseli sperm

Ukukhulelwa eziphilayo imazi kwenzeka kukhokelela kokudityaniswa ezimbini gametes. Omnye wabo kuthiwa yobudoda, kunye nezinye - eqandeni. Yintoni ubungakanani isidoda? Yintoni iimpawu yeseli lwegciwane semvelo? Isidoda yahlukile ukusuka yeqanda? Iimpendulo kuyo yonke le mibuzo ziya kufumaneka.

inkqubo Male zokuzala

umsebenzi nokuzala ummeli umzimba kwisiqingatha olomeleleyo uluntu ukwenza ezinye amadlala kunye namaziko:

• amasende kunye waso;
• Umbobho Vas;
• yesinye;
• vesicles ZakwaLizwi;
• ndlala bulbourethral;
• kwisingxobo samatyhalarha;
• lobudoda.

Konke oku kungentla ngokuhlangeneyo obizwa ngokuba inkqubo eyindoda okuzala. Kuye kwasekwa isidoda. Eli gama libhekisela iiseli zesini eyindoda ekwaziyo neqanda. Ngenxa senye ngesondo ngokungakhuselekanga abaphumayo kwinkqubo ngokwesondo inkunzi kwaye ngenisa indlela umzimba ababhinqileyo.

Imisebenzi leeseli ezizodwa

Isidoda - isakhiwo apho ulwazi yemfuza uqulathwe abantu. Imisebenzi kwizisele ezizodwa lomzimba ethile oyindoda:

• indlela phecana zangasese (ubukhulu kunye nolwakhiwo yobudoda womntu ivumela ukuba boyise imiqobo ezahlukeneyo);
• ukungena kulo iiseli yintsholongwane nemazi, ngokuba iqanda;
• kwezilungiso kulo impahla yemfuza.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ebudeni ngobuhlobo umzimba mfazi ufumana isidoda. It iqulathe iiseli ulwelo kunye amadlozi ZakwaLizwi wamiswa kuyo. iiseli lwegciwane eyindoda ngamadlozi iqulathe imali enkulu. Kodwa ke iqanda emzimbeni ababhinqileyo wahlukile nje. omnye kuphela iiseli yintsholongwane oyindoda ayikwazi ukwenza yonke imisebenzi yayo. Indima enkulu kulo eyadlalwa ubukhulu kunye nokumila yobudoda.

Ubume ngqamanisa ਸੀਲ: intloko nentamo

Ukuze iiseli zesini samadoda luphawulwa ngendlela ethile, ebonelela nako ukuqhubela, lo iqanda. Isidoda isakhiwo elimbhoxo kunye yomsila elide. Yintoni na isakhiwo yeseli? Ngenxa yoko, isidoda bubonakaliswe amacandelo amathathu:

• intloko;
• entanyeni;
• ngumsila wena.

Intloko - le nxalenye esisangqa yobudoda. Phezulu sawo acrosome. Ngoko ke wabiza sitho izakhi ezikhethekileyo kuyimfuneko ukuba iqanda ungekafiki owama ngokusebenzisa esingxotyeni olukhuselayo. Intloko kwakhona iqulathe i kernel. Igcina isiqingatha inani ulwazi oyindoda yemfuza (DNA). Enye ingxenye intloko - le centrosome. Kube lula intshukumo nomsila.

Isigaba sesibini yobudoda - emqaleni wakhe. It is a kwindawo ezinezikhondo lebhokisi intloko nomsila. Esi sakhiwo nezimo kakhulu. Olu phawu kwenza intshukumo yobudoda. Kunye nezimo we intloko oscillates ngapha nangapha.

Ubume umsila sperm

Phambi ukuchaza ubukhulu yeseli somyeni, kuyimfuneko ukuba bakugqala isahlulo sesithathu - a yomsila. Ibizwa ngokuba ngumsila wena. Oku kuquka izigaba ezininzi:

1. EsiPhakathi. Yeyona yinxalenye echumayo komsila sperm. It has umaleko ayo Ukonakala evelisa amandla ngenxa ukuhanjiswa iseli lwegciwane eyindoda.
2. OyiNtloko. Le nxalenye isidoda yenziwa microtubules. umaleko yabo ashinyeneyo zangaphezulu Azigubungele imicu kunye esingxotyeni olukhuselayo.
3. End. Kule nxalenye yolu yobudoda zokuzikhusela lobufazi neerhali ashinyeneyo aselula. Ngeso lenyama iseli ndizayo obhityileyo.

Ekubeni ngomsebenzi isakhiwo inxalenye yokugqibela yobudoda, kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba umsila ayebekwa ngcembe ukusuka kwisiseko sayo ukuya kwincam. Lo msebenzi ubonelela bicheobraznye intshukumo ye iiseli oyindoda lokuzala njengoko bedlula iphecana zangasese kufuna iqanda.

Ubukhulu isidoda

iiseli yintsholongwane Male lincinane kakhulu. Ubungakanani amadlozi kwabantu ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• iiseli zizonke ubude - malunga 55 microns;
• ukuphakama intloko - 2.5 microns, ububanzi - 3.5 mm, ubude - 5.0 microns;
• isidoda cervix - malunga 4.5 microns ubude;
• ubude umsila - 45 m.

iiseli lwegciwane Male ayikwazi kungabonwa ngeliso lenyama. Ubungakanani yobudoda ingabonwa phantsi sikrini. Kwakunjalo ngaphambili Leeuwenhoek. Ngo-1677, uYesu wachaza spermatozoa. Scientist, akuba wathola, wacebisa ukuba ezi seli abandakanyeka isichumiso. Noko ke, uluntu ulwazi njengesenzo esiqatha. Malunga 100 neminyaka, abantu bakholwa isidoda iintsholongwane olwaye lwamfimfitha.

Ukuqulunqwa kweeseli lwegciwane oyindoda

Kwi umbuzo ngokuphathelele oko ubukhulu sperm waphendula. Ngoku kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele ukuba enzeka njani ezi seli. kuvela amadlozi noqolileyo kwi kwamadlala okhethekileyo amasende. Ezi zithinteli ibekwe kwisingxobo samatyhalarha. Bathi ziqulathe inani enkulu tubules seminiferous, zazizaliswe iiseli ezizodwa (spermatogonia). Njengoko iiseli zesini samadoda abhalwe apha? Le nkqubo iqala ngexesha lokufikisa:

• spermatogonia hlukanisa;
• ngenxa iiseli ezintsha;
• isidoda aqolileyo phakathi kwiiseli Sertoli, secreting iintlobo zezondlo.

Inkqubo ukuyilwa gametes oyindoda kuthiwa spermatogenesis. Kunzima kakhulu. Kwimvisiswano malunga nokumiselwa kwenkqubo spermatocytes zaseprayimari ayipheli, kuba iiseli wabonakala obekwayo iseti epheleleyo zofuzo. Ngaphezu koko, ezi seli baye meiosis. Ngenxa yoko, kukho spermatids isiqingatha inani zofuzo. Iiseli ngcembe akhule. Isiphumo lidlozi oqolileyo.

Movement kweeseli lwegciwane oyindoda

Qwalasela umsebenzi kunye nobukhulu yeseli somyeni, kufuneka wazi nendlela lihamba iseli ngesondo. I inqubo emzimbeni eyindoda, bapholileyo. Bathi basezele ukuhamba ngapha amaphecana angasese. Movement imisila kakhulu zingabalulekanga. uba sperm Active emva zingangeni emzimbeni ababhinqileyo. ngesantya sabo angaba mkhulu kwe-30 cm ngeyure nganye.

Emva ukuchama emzimbeni lo mfazi ufumana ngaphezulu kwezigidi 300 isidoda. Abaninzi kubo babulawa lobufazi ngenxa bume esibi. Ezinye iiseli lwegciwane inkunzi ukufikelela lomsele wesibeleko. Nangona kunjalo, eli candelo betreki ajike ukuya, asingabo bonke isidoda. Umqobo kubo ekufumaneni yencindi yomlomo wesibeleko.

Isidoda ezidlulileyo wesibeleko, waya lokuwa isibeleko. Le medium kule lomzimba kunikela iiseli lwegciwane eyindoda. Ukusuka esizalweni ukuba zithunyelwa tubes, apho kwezichumiso kwenzeka. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba kuphela nje ezimbalwa amawaka sperm kudlula ngale ndlela.

Siphila madlozi yobomi

iseli Ukwakheka ithatha malunga 74 iintsuku. Nokwanda nokuwela kwawo le epididymis kunye yobudoda Umbobho kuthatha ethile iintsuku-26. Oku kubonisa ukuba amadlozi singahlala ixesha elide emzimbeni yomntu. Le meko yahluke emva ukuchama. Iiseli isidoda Intsholongwane busebenza hayi ngaphezulu kwe ngosuku (ixesha eli thuba kuxhomekeke kwizinto zangaphandle ezifana lobushushu okukufutshane, ubungakanani bokukhanya, ukufuma).

Xa ubomi obhinqileyo inokuba nomahluko. Ukuba isantya intshukumo yobudoda ichaphazela ubungakanani, ubude ubukho beli ezizimeleyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa iiseli ikuku yintsholongwane oyindoda abulawa emva 2 hr. Xa bume wesibeleko kunye tubes i ilulungele ngakumbi ngamadlozi. Apha bangaba ukuya kwiintsuku ezi-5 kwindawo esebenzayo kukhangelo okanye ukulinda iqanda.

Ukuthelekiswa madlozi ngamaqanda

Xa inkunzi ngamaxesha kwakhiwa kunye neeseli zesini oqolileyo, elitsha. ngesi ne isenzo ngasinye sobuhlobo yobudoda, equlethe isixa esikhulu madlozi. Kodwa umzimba yomfazi ekhulisa iseli ngesondo kuphela enye omnye sexesheni (malunga nama-28-30 iintsuku).

Ngoku kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthelekisa ubungakanani iqanda sperm. gamete Male, njengoko kutshiwo apha ngasentla, i iliso elincinane. Iqanda yahluke ngokupheleleyo. ubungakanani bayo ekungabonini ukusuka 0,15 ukuya 0.25 mm. Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele ukuba iqanda kulungisiwe. Ukongeza, ukuba unalo kunokuba omfutshane ekulindeleke ukuba ubomi. Emva kokukhululwa ityhubhu yamaqanda kwaye Imibhobho wadibana nayo kuba malunga nama-24 iiyure. Ukuba ekukhulelweni akwenzeki, eqandeni uyafa.

Xa ndiqukumbela, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ubungakanani iseli isidoda mncinane kakhulu. Ngaphandle koku, ine- umsebenzi obalulekileyo, ekukho kuyo ukuchumisa eqandeni. Noko ke, ukuze afeze oku akunakwenzeka ukuba yonke ngamadlozi. Xa emzimbeni nemazi, baya ngokukhethwa yendalo. Ezibuthathaka iiseli yokwakha engalunganga kufa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ngaphandle kokuba afikelele wesibeleko. Abanye nje abanalo ixesha ukufumana le njongo. Kuphela sperm fastest kwaye isebenza, baphula yonke imiqobo bafumana ingena iqanda ongeze kuwo ulwazi lwabo yemfuza.