I-Pole North: inxalenye esemantla yeplanethi yethu

Inxalenye esemantla yomhlaba yenye yeendawo ezincinci ezifundwayo emhlabeni wethu. Isimo sezulu esibuhlungu siye saba ngumqobo omkhulu ekufundeni kule ndawo. Kwiminyaka emininzi, iindwendwe ezahlukahlukeneyo zathunyelwa ukunqoba iNxweme yaseNyakatho, kodwa akusoloko uhambo luphela ngempumelelo. Kwabanye abantu ukufundwa kweendleko zezempilo ezitshatyalaliswayo, kunye nobomi. Kule nqaku, makhe sizame ukuqonda iimfihlelo zephondo elisenyakatho yeplanethi yethu.

Kuphi i-North Pole ekhoyo?

Ukuba usondela kule ngxaki ukusuka kwinqanaba lezesayensi, kuyafaneleka ukuphawula ukuba kukho iindidi ezi-4:

• IGomagnetic. Kufumaneka apho i-axis yomhlaba i-axis idlula.
• I-Pole ye-Inaccessibility. Eli nqaku likwindawo elumkhenkce, elunxwemeni elwandle, kwaye kuzo zonke iindawo ezikude emhlabeni.
• Magnetic. Omnye ukhankanywe ngedaliti yekhampasi.
• Geographical. Indawo yayo igxile kwi-geographical axis yomhlaba.

I-North Pole iququzelele - 90 ° N, kodwa ayikho ubude, ekubeni yonke imigca iya guqulwa phakathi kwendawo.

I-South Pole ifumaneke kwilizwe lase-Antarctica, i-98% yendawo ingenqabileyo. Inxalenye esemantla yeeplanethi zethu ziphakathi kwe-Arctic Ocean. Lo mmandla uyaziwa nangokuthi yi-Arctic, kwaye ngaphezu kwamanzi e-oceanic, kubandakanya iindawo ezisemaphandleni zaseRashiya, eCanada nase-United States. Indawo yaseArctic iquka amazwe afana ne-Iceland, Finland, Norway neSweden.

Umyinge weqondo lokushisa lonyaka

Inxalenye esemantla yeplanethi yethu ayiyona ebandayo. Ubungakanani bemvula yonyaka kulo mmandla, ebusika ngu -43 ^o , kwaye ehlobo-kugcinwa malunga ne-0 ^o- Celsius.

Indawo ebanda kakhulu kuMhlaba yiPolisi yaseMzantsi. Ebusika, ireyiti yeqondo lokushisa liphakathi kwama-58 degrees ngaphantsi kwe-zero. Usuku olufudumele kakhulu lubhalwe eminyakeni engama-6 edlulileyo, ngowama-2011, ngelixa ukufundwa kweqondo lokubanda kwakunama -12 °.

Ukucacisa isizathu sokuba uMzantsi wePole ubande ngaphezu kweNxweme yaseNyakatho ilula. Inyaniso kukuba i-Antarctica yilizwekazi eliphakama ngaphezu kwezinga elwandle ngaphezu kwe-2 km. Izixuku zomoya zikhuni apha kunoko kwiNxweme yaseMntla, kunye namanzi olwandle ahlamba ilizwekazi akakwazi ukutshisa iindawo ezininzi.

E-Arctic, izinga lokushisa lomoya liyancwiswa yi-Arctic Ocean, ngoko i-ice kule ndawo iyancinci kunezantsi.

Cape Chelyuskin kunye neCape Fligeli

Ingqongquthela yokumntla yaseRashiya - iCape Chelyuskin, efumaneka kwi -Taimyr Peninsula, iququzelele oku: 77 ^{malunga ne-} 43 ^\ N.

Ngo-1742 ngokokuqala ngqa kwezi ndawo zahanjelwa ngumbutho oqhutywa yi-SI Chelyuskin. Ekuqaleni, i-Cape yayibizwa ngokuba yiMpuma yoMntla. Ukuqamba kwakhe kwakhona kwenzeka ngowe-1842. Isizathu salo kwakuyimini ebalulekileyo - iminyaka eyi-100 yokuhamba. Iphepheni yabizwa ngokuba ngumzukulu womcwaningi omkhulu waseRussia waseArtictic kunye nolwandle olwandle uSemyon Chelyuskin.

Iimeko zemozulu kwi-peninsula yaseTaimyr zinzima kakhulu. Unyaka wonke, apha ubusika. Kumaxesha ashushu afana noJulayi noAgasti, inkcazo yeqondo lokushisa aliphakamanga ngaphezu kwe-+1 ^o C uphawu.

Nangona kunjalo, iCape Chelyuskin yindawo ephakamileyo yelizwe laseRashiya. Kukho isiqithi saseRussia, iRussian Federation, ehlala kwi-900 km ukusuka kuMntla. Emva koko uzenza ngathi uyona ndawo enyakatho yeRashiya. Esi siqithi sinxalenye ye -Franz Josef Land archipelago . Ihlanganiswe ngokupheleleyo ngumkhenkce, kwaye indawo yayo i-297 km ² . Inxalenye esemantla yeyona siqithi yiCape Fligeli, idibanise i-81 ^ka- 49 ^\ N.

Abantu banqobile iNtshona Pole

Ukususela ekuqaleni kweXVIII kwinkulungwane yeyona ndawo ekumntla kwiplanethi yethu, yavusa umdla omkhulu phakathi kwabanxweme. Kwakukho ngeli xesha kwakuye kuququzelelwe iindwendwe ezininzi, ezijoliswe ekufundeni i-Arctic. Owokuqala ukufikelela kuMntla wePole nguRobert Peary (umhambi waseMelika). Omnye umphandi wase-US, uFrederick Cook, wathi le sihloko, kodwa uRobert wagxeka ngokucacileyo ingxelo yakhe.

Ngowe-1926, inqwelo yokuqala yenziwa. Abahambi abavela eNorway Amundsen noNobile bawela i-permafrost kwicandelo.

Ngo-Apreli 1978, ummi waseJapan u-Naomi Uemura, wenza uhambo oluzimele ukuya eNyakatho. Wawela i-725 km, ehamba kunye neenja. Uhambo lwadlula iintsuku ezingama-57.

Ukuhamba kwe-ski eyayiholwa nguDmitry Shparo kwenzeka ngoMeyi 1979. Kwiintsuku ezingama-77, abathathi-nxaxheba bayo banqoba malunga ne-1500 km.