I-Ebola fever ishicilelwa kanjani: iimpawu kunye nokunyangwa komkhuhlane

I-Fever ye-Ebola ... Imiyalezo malunga nayo iinyanga ezininzi izele i-intanethi, ngaphandle kwayo akukho mbandela omnye weendaba zethelevishini. Kwimizuzu embalwa edlulileyo, kwakucingelwa ingxaki yengingqi, kwaye oogqirha baqinisekisa ukuba ngaphaya kwe-Afrika esi sifo asiyi kusasazeka. Okwangoku, ubuncinane ababemi baseUnited States sele bafumana isifo. Amanyathelo angaphezulu asebhedlele okanye asemakhaya (phantsi kwesithintelo sokuphuma esitalatweni). Ngoko kukuphi ukulwa nale sifo, kwaye i-Ebola fever isatshatyalaliswa njani? Ngaba ngaba amathuba okubonakala kwawo aphezulu eRussia? Abasebenzi iRospotrebnadzor bathi ibuncinci. Nangona kunjalo, ngoku uviwo olukhethekileyo luqhutywa ngabafundi abavela kumazwe aseAfrika abafunda kweli lizwe. Kwaye ii-arhente zokuhamba zibophezelekile ukuba zilumkise abavakatye baseRashiya baya "kwilizwekazi elimnyama", apho amazwe ama-fever e-Ebola sele asasazeka khona.

Intsholongwane

Esi sifo kubangelwa yi-virus yegama elifanayo-uhlobo oludala kunabo bonke ubomi. I-molecule ye-RNA ibekwe kwikhotile ekhuselekileyo. Le yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-filovirus. Ingena kwiiseli zomzimba womntu kwaye ikhupha izinto zayo zofuzo kwi-cytoplasm. Ngenxa yoko, iseli iqalisa ukuvelisa iiprotheni eziyimfuneko kwintsholongwane. Ziyimfuneko ekuveliseni kwayo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iseli ngokwayo iyatshatyalaliswa.

I-virus ye-Ebola inqanda indlela yokuzivikela yomzimba. Ayithinteli intsebenzo ye-interferon, into enoxanduva lokulwa nokusongela kwangaphandle kwiseli.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, iintsholongwane ziyamangalisa kwaye ziyimfihlakalo. Asemngceleni wezinto eziphilayo kunye nabangenampilo. Emva koko, abanalo i-metabolism, abahambeli ngokuzimeleyo kwaye banokusebenza kuphela ngaphakathi kwiseli yommkeli. Iintsholongwane zii-parasites. Kuze kube ngoku, izazinzulu azikwazi ukufikelela kwisigqibo esingenakuqhathaniswa malunga nomvelaphi wazo. Kodwa ke lo ngubukumkani obuninzi. Kukho ii-virus kuyo yonke indawo. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-spoonful yamanzi olwandle kukho malunga nesigidi kubo! Kwesinye, izazinzulu ziyavumelana: ezi zithuthi zengcaciso yezofuzo zavela kakhulu, ixesha elide kakhulu elidlulileyo. Kwaye indima yabo ekuguquleni kwezinto eziphilayo zikhulu. Emva koko, ngumntu kuphela ophethe phantse yesithathu yeentsholongwane ezifana neentsholongwane zegciwane!

Umkhuhlane weHemorrhagic

Ngoko isayensi ibizwa ngokuthi yi-Ebola. Leli gama lifihla? Zonke izifo ezinjalo zintsholongwane. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iiseli zesisulu ziyachaphazeleka. Ngenxa yoko igazi elininzi. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeentsholongwane ezivuthayo, kwaye zizonke zihambelana neentsholongwane ezahlukeneyo. Ezi zilandelayo zihanjiswe okanye zemizi yazo yemvelo (izibhamu) okanye eziphilayo eziphilayo. Ngeentsholongwane ezingasondlekiyo, iimbofu zihlala zithwala, umzekelo, intonga yasendle (i-Ebola fever it is unstatial, it's fruit).

Olu hlobo lwesifo luyingozi kakhulu kubantu, nangona abanye baye badala ii-vaccines. Ngokuqhelekileyo izigulana zifa ngokuphuhliswa kokutshatyalaliswa kokushatshazwayo kunye nokungaphumeleli kwazo zonke izitho. Kwimeko ye-Ebola fever, nayo, kunye nokulahlekelwa kwegazi elikhulu.

Imbali yembali

Kukholelwa ukuba imeko yokuqala yesifo senzeke ngo-1976. Intsholongwane yabonwa kwiZaire (iDemocratic Republic of Congo). Kwenzeka kwindawo yoMlambo we-Ebola. Ngenxa yoko igama. I-Ebola fever eSudan yathabatha ubomi bomntu onekhulu elinamanci mahlanu omnye. EZaire ngokwalo, amabini amabini anesibhozo afa.

Kungenzeka ukuba abantu basekhaya bahlaselwe kwangaphambili. Uphando olutshanje luqinisekisile ukuba kukho izixhobo zamagciwane egazini leepesenti ezisixhenxe zoluntu. Oku kuthetha ukuba abaninzi baye babulala kwesi sifo.

Kuza kubekho namhlanje, kukho iziganeko ezingaphezu kwemashumi amathathu e-Ebola ukukhuselwa kwihlabathi jikelele. Amaphesenti angama-90 exesha elenzeka kwilizwekazi laseAfrika: amazwe asithoba asele ahlupheke khona. Kodwa ezinye, njengokwesibonelo, iTunisia, i-Ebola fever iye yagqithisa. Izihlandlo ezimbini ezithe zathoba zombini e-Russia kunye zombini phantsi kweemeko zelabhu: ukuchithwa kwebhanki kwabasebenzi kwabakhokelela ekufeni.

Ukuqhambuka kwesi sifo kwisilinganiso esincinci senzeke e-UK (umntu ka-1976 ukuya ku-1), i-United States (abantu aba-1990-4) kunye ne-Philippines (ngo-1990 no-2008, isixa sixhenxe). Phakathi ko-2000 kunye no-2001, abantu abane namashumi amabini anesihlanu bafumana i-Ebola yase-Sudan e-Uganda. Olu lwabakho ukugqabhuka okukhulu kwesi sifo kude kube ngo-2014. Ekupheleni kweAfrika kuphela ukuguqulwa kwintsholongwane yesifo esivela sele sisulele abantu abangamawaka asixhenxe, isiqingatha sazo safa. Sisiphi isizathu sokwandiswa kwenani lamatyala?

Imbali yokugqitywa kokugqibela

Kwaqala eGuinea ngasekupheleni kuka-2013. NgoDisemba 26, ngo-2013, umfana oneminyaka emibili ogama lakhe linguEmil wafa, kwaye emva kweveki kamva udadewabo oneminyaka emithathu ubudala wafa. Kwaye njengoko umntwana wokuqala ekhulelwe, akukaziwa. Ngoko izalamane zabo eziseduze zaqala ukufa. Abanye basebehlala eSierra Leone naseLiberia. Kutheni la mazwe engakulungele? Kwaye kutheni, kubonakala ngathi, iMbutho YezeMpilo Yehlabathi kufuneka ibone ingxaki yendawo njengengozi yehlabathi? Izifo ezitsha zenzeke imihla ngemihla, kwaye sele zicacile ukuba i-fever e-Ebola idluliselwa njani phakathi kwabantu, kodwa ngaba kuya kukwazi ukuyiyeka ngendlela eqhelekileyo?

Izizathu ezinzulu

Ubumpofu, indlala kunye nempilo embi kwintsimi, kunye nokungabikho kolwazi oluntu, zezizathu ezichazwe yi-WHO (iWorld Health Organization). Kodwa, mhlawumbi, into eyona nto yintando yabantu. I-Ebola yisifo esiyingozi kwaye esinzima. Kodwa ukusuka kwiintsholongwane zentsholongwane ezinomlilo ziye zadalwa. Kodwa akukho namachiza e-Ebola. Into leyo kukuba ukuphuhliswa kwayo kufuna iinzame ezinzulu kunye nokutyalomali kwemali emikhulu. Kwaye iinkampani ezinkulu zezoxuba azizange zihambe, kuba imarike yayincinci, kwaye ukugonya okanye unyango luya kuba kubi kakhulu. Yaye kwinqanaba elifumana ingeniso, abahlali bala mazwe aseAfrika apho i-Ebola fever ibonakala khona, ayengayithenga. Kude isigaba esithile sophando senziwa kwelinye lamaziko aseMelika, kwaye nangona kunjalo ngenjongo yokuzikhusela kwi-Ebola kwimeko apho umntu uya kuwusebenzisa njengesikhali sezinto eziphilayo. Kodwa kwiminyaka embalwa iphrojekthi yezimali ivalwe. Kodwa ngoku, xa kwacaca ukuba umkhuhlane awunzima ukufihla, amazwe athuthukileyo ehlabathini asabandakanyeka emsebenzini.

Kutyathwa njani kumntu?

Ekubeni isifo sifundekile kakhulu, umntu unokucinga ukuba ngubani ophetheyo. Uninzi lwazinzulu lukholelwa ukuba inkunkuma yemvelo ye-Ebola yenye yeentlobo zeentlobo .

Intsholongwane yokugqibela ayibangeli nayiphi na ingozi. Ezi iigundane zidla iziqhamo eziba zikhupha okanye zidibanise phantsi. Kwaye, abo, bathabatha iilwanyana, intsholongwane leyo iyingozi. Kodwa akukho mntu unokutsho ngokuchanekileyo indlela i-Ebola fever ehamba ngayo kwizilwanyana ukuya kwisilwanyana, iindlela zokudluliselwa kwayo ehlathini azifundanga. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwangoko kwesi sifo kusongela ukuphela kommandla wase-gorilla kule ndawo yaseAfrika. Kwenzeka njani ukuba i-Ebola fever isetyenziswe kumntu? Kuyaziwa ukuba abantu basekuhlaleni badla inyama yezilwanyana zehlathi, kubandakanya ubuchopho bezilwanyana. Ukongezelela, ngenxa yehlathi elikhulu, amaxhamla aqala ukuhlalisana nokuhlala kwabantu. Ngoko ke, iziqhamo ezithelelekileyo zingathathwa okanye ziphulwe ngabantu abadala kunye nabantwana.

I-Ebola fever ishintshwe njani phakathi kwabantu?

Ngokuqhelekileyo, intsholongwane idluliselwa ngamanzi omzimba, afana negazi, i-salive, iimfihlo ze-mucosal. Ukongezelela, unokusuleleka nge-sperm. Isango le ntsho longwane lonakalisa ulusu kunye neembumba.

Ngoko unokusuleleka ngu-Ebola kuphela ngokuqhagamshelana ngqo nomntu ogulayo. Kuza kube ngoku, ukusasaza intsholongwane kumntu kumntu ngamaconsi amanzi akuzange kubekwe. Nangona kunjalo umkhuhlane uthathwa njengesinye sezifo ezichaphazelekayo. Mhlawumbi, kuba isasazwa ngezinto abantu abazisebenzisayo.

Kutheni abantu abaninzi begula?

Isicwangciso esiyinqobo sokulwa nesifo sengculazi esibulalayo , okungekho naluphi na iyeza, ityala eliqinileyo. Indawo ekuqhutywe ngayo ukugqitywa kwakuza kuvalwa ngokupheleleyo. Kucacile, oku akuzange kuthathwe isigqibo ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yezizathu zokuziphatha. Kwaye xa i-fever isasazeka kumazwe amaninzi, kuba nzima. Ukubhala nokubhala nokubhala kwabahlali bendawo kunye noogqirha baba yimbangela esilandelayo yesiganeko esikhulu sokusasazeka. Kwizigaba zokuqala kunzima ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba yi-Ebola-fever, iimpawu ezifana nesimo esinzima somkhuhlane okanye i-malaria. Kwaye kuphela xa isigulane siqala ukulahlekelwa yigazi, kukho ukukrokrelwa komkhuhlane. Ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kwezi zilandelayo kunokwenzeka kuphela kwi-laboratory efanelekileyo.

Kwiintsuku zokuqala kunye neveki zokugqabhuka, izigulane azifaki kwiibhokisi ezihlukeneyo, kodwa kwiinkampu ezifanayo zentente. Kwaye sele sele isasazeka ngokungenazo ogqirha abazichanekileyo ukusuka kwesigulane esinye kwesinye. Inani lasuleleka ngale ndlela likhulu kakhulu. Oogqirha kuphela abafa ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabini!

Ilavuni yasekhaya

Enye into eyathintela ukusasazeka kwemfiva ayikwazi ukufunda nokungazi kakuhle abantu. Kuphela emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa abantu baqala ukuhamba ngeenxa zonke kwiidolophithi kunye nama-memos, awaxelela abantu malunga nokukhusela kunye neempawu zesifo esibi. Okwangoku, inxalenye yesithathu yabo bonke abasulelekileyo izihlobo kunye nabahlobo balabo bantu ababenesivumelwano ekuqaleni. Apha, amasiko asekuhlaleni adlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ngokwale ndlela yokugqibela, abantu bahlanganiselwe umngcwabo wezalamane zabo kunye neenkontileka ezivela kwizidumbu. Njengokungcola kokugqibela. Intsholongwane idluliselwa emzimbeni womntu ofileyo enye inyanga. Mhlawumbi zikhona ezinye izizathu - umkhuhlane we-Ebola uqaqambile nanamhla.

Ukuphuma kweziphumo

UOO uthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, inani labantu abachaphazelekayo kummandla liya kumiswa. Into ephambili yingozi kangakanani i-Ebola fever - ukusasazeka kwintsholongwane kwenye indawo. Ngokomzekelo, eTunisia. I-fever e-Ebola ayikafiki, kodwa apho, njengamazwe angummelwane, sele ilinde kwaye isaba kakhulu. Iindaba zeentsuku zokugqibela - i-US ithumela amabini amabutho omkhosi ukulwa nesifo. Indlela yokunceda ukujamelana ne-virus ye-virus, iyaqondakala: yikho, kuwo wonke amathuba, kuya kufuneka "ukuvala" intsimi.

Unyango lwe-Ebola

Ukudalwa kwesitofu esinjalo kwisiganeko esizayo, ngokwezinto ezininzi zesayensi, akunakwenzeka. Isizathu salo silele ekungabikho kolwazi lwegciwane, kwaye ngokungabikho kwezixhobo eziyimfuneko. Kucacile ukuba amazwe ase-Afrika ngokwawo awakwazi ukudala isitofu. Kwizibhedlele, azikho indawo ezaneleyo kubo bonke abantu okwangoku. Ngelo xesha, uluntu lwehlabathi lwenza imizamo engafanelekanga: iimali zabiwe, kwaye i-virologists ezivela kwihlabathi lonke ithunyelwa ukulwa nesifo esiyingozi.

Ingaba umkhuhlane uphathwe njani ngoku?

Kwaziwa ngokubanzi ukuba ngexesha lokuqhuma okuqhubekayo, isiphumo esibulalayo sinokwenzeka kwimashumi amahlanu ekhulwini. Uninzi lwezigulana zifa ngeempawu. Oku kulahlekelwa kakhulu kwegazi, ukuphazamiseka, ukudakwa komzimba kunye nokungaphumeleli kwamalungu onke.

Ngoko ngoku, ukuba uxilongo luyi-Ebola yomkhuhlane, unyango luyonyango oluxhasayo. Isigulane sifakwa kwibhokisi eyahlukileyo apho isisombululo esisondelene nesondlo senziwa kuye. Umntu uya kubuyiselwa okanye afe. Ngokwezinye iingxelo, amayeza athile angamnceda ngamanye amaxesha, kodwa ayifumaneki kuwo wonke umntu. Amanye amagama ambalwa malunga nokugqibela. Ngaphambili, kwakunqatshelwe kwaye kwakucatshangelwa ukuba kungafanelekanga ukusebenzisa imichiza yokulinga engazange ivivinywe kubantu ukwenzela unyango. Ngenxa yokuphuhliswa kwamuva ku-Afrika, i-WHO sele ibiza loo mfuneko.

Oogqirha baqala ukuguqula igazi lezigulane ze-febrile, ezisixhenxe kwiziganeko ezisibhozo zanikezela ngempumelelo. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo yayisele iinqanaba ezikufutshane. Kwaye akucaci okwakubangelwa ukubuyiswa kwakhona: iiprotheni ezivela kwigazi leempatho okanye ukukhuselwa kwintsholongwane.

Iimpawu

Ezi zilandelayo zivela kwixesha elide ukusuka kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwiiveki ezintathu ukusuka kwimeko yokusuleleka umntu onentsholongwane. Kukholelwa ukuba ngaphambi kokuqala kwabo isifo asidluliswanga.

I-Ebola fever (iimpawu) ziqala ngokukhawuleza. Kwaye ukubonakaliswa kokuqala okungekho mbini: umkhuhlane ophezulu, ubuthathaka, intloko, umqala, umhudo. Kamva, kukho ukuhlanza nokugqithisa. Ukunyuka kwamanzi kukhula, kukho iintlungu esifuba. Phantse isiqingatha sezigulane zihlakulele. Emva koko sele kusenokwenzeka ukuthetha ngokuphakame kakhulu ukuba le yi-Ebola fever. Ezi zimpawu zizodwa. Amehlo agcwele igazi. Umsebenzi wezintso kunye nesibindi sehla. Qala ukuhlamba iimbumba ezinqamlekileyo: iinambuzane, impumlo, isisu, isisu. Okukugqibela kubonisa ukuba kukho umphumo ophezulu wokuba nesiphumo esibulalayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo izigulane ziyafa kwiveki yesibini yesi sifo. Ukuba oku kungenzeki phakathi kweentsuku ezilishumi elinesixhenxe kunye neshumi elinesibhozo, umntu uyabuyisela. Emva kwesi sifo ixesha elide, iingxaki ze-psyche ziyakwenzeka, abantu banciphisa ubunzima, iinwele ziyawa.

Awuyi kuthintela njani?

Kuza kube namhlanje, i-Ebola yintlaka, iimpawu zazo sele ziyaziwa kuzo zonke izakhamuzi zaseAfrika. Ndingawufumana njani? Musa ukutyelela amazwe aseAfrika ngexesha lokuphazamiseka kwesifo esiyingozi. Ungaqhagamshelani nabantu abagulayo.

Ukongezelela, ukukhulelwa komzimba (kubangelwa ezinye iigciwane, apho sele sele zitshatywayo khona) zingenakho ukusuleleka kwingingqi yethu. Ingqalelo ekufuneka ihlawulwe kubasebenzi bezolimo, ngenxa yokuba ezi zifo ziqhutyelwa ngamagundane endle. Geza izandla ngokugqibeleleyo emva kokusebenza kwintsimi. Ungadli emhlabathini uze uphume emhlabeni. Yaye ukuba emva kwemisebenzi engalindelekanga imbonakalo engabonakaliyo ibonakale ngasentla (kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ifana nazo zonke iifutha ezivuthayo), kha wuleza udibane nodokotela.