Goiter - i ndlala nobubovu landile na. Goiter: iimpawu, isimo, oonobangela, unyango

Xa abantu, le ndlala lengqula idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukuphatha inkqubo yonyango, umzimba inxaxheba ekumiseleni nethe amandla. uqabe isithinzi ezimbini eziqhagamshelene sezwe kuyo, eziphezu emacaleni noqhoqhoqho. amandla udle isasazwa phakathi kwiiseli, kwaye ukuba ayanelanga ukuba aphazamisane hormone. Ukuba intsilelo ithini rhoqo, kukho utshintsho article of amalaphu kunye nesifo goitre. Iifom abaliqela ahlukile izidanga zezifo, leyo oonobangela ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu. Naluphi na uhlobo leengxaki kufuna isifo kwaye afumane unyango.

ndlala goiter

Sekunjalo ayikaqondwa ezisebenza neoplasms ndlala. Iindlela zonyango, eyaziwa amayeza namhlanje akuyi kusoloko olusebenzayo nokuphilisa ngokupheleleyo ngezifo.

Ilaphu thyroid zenza zoboya - iiseli ukulenza. Yokuphazamiseka emzimbeni enxulumene omzimba kwekhono, kukhokelela ekubeni deformations. Multinodular goiter lengqula ibangela utshintsho kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo kwaye kwentamo - kuyo yonke inyama. Ngaphandle ukwandisa izifo zoboya nga ziimpawu cysts inkangeleko (esinganyangekiyo-nodular goiter). Progression wezifo kunokukhokelela angakwazi ezalathelwe uphuhliso amabi.

izizathu

Goiter - isifo kuquka umonakalo ezahlukeneyo ndlala. Kukho iindidi eziliqela, iintlobo kunye izidanga kwezimilo, ezo ikhondo ezahlukeneyo indalo, izizathu kunye neempawu. Oyena nobangela ephambili goiter zinetyhefu kukho ukunqongophala ayodini emzimbeni, leyo kunciphisa umsebenzi secretory ngayo le ndlala lengqula. indawo embi ikwachaphazela nokusebenza le ndlala lengqula. Zisiwa izinto eziyityhefu ezinokucothisa umsebenzi esinobubovu lengqula, ziyibuyisela umva le nkqubo yonyango.

ukusetyenziswa Ukunqongophala iimveliso ayodini-equlathe (ubisi, iziqhamo, intlanzi) ingadala goiter. Ubangelwa uhlobo node kwesi sifo - inkqubo umhlaza okanye ndlala adenoma. Ukwahlula-hlula iseli kulo mzekelo kwenzeka phantsi kweempembelelo izinto eziyityhefu, imitha, kwaye aphathe njengelifa.

Amangcwaba ngezifo kwenzeka ngenxa yempembelelo omzimba kwelungu ezithile yamajoni omzimba. Unyango ibandakanya ukuthatha amachiza zinqanda imveliso ka emzimbeni, maxa wambi ingxaki isonjululwe uqhaqho.

symptomatology

Goitre - oku sisifo yokuba awufumaneki kwinqanaba lokuqala, kwaye isigulane ayiqondi ukuba bazazi phambi kwayo. Kuphela ngokunxulumene ukwanda okubonakalayo lengqula ukuphuhlisa umfanekiso ethile clinical. Iimpawu shchitovidki luphawulwa ukudumba bayo phambi entanyeni, kunye ucinezelo yethishyu ezikufutshane. Noko ke, izigulane ezikhala a ukhohlokhohlo owomileyo, hoarseness ilizwi, ingqiqo ka "iqhuma emqaleni", bamba umphefumlo. Xa iintshukumo intloko kukho ingqiqo uxinzeleko kunye nesiyezi ngenxa nokubotshwa iimpahla entanyeni. Xa igwinya ngandlel yaphazamiseka ngenxa ucinezelo ye emphinjeni. Kukho iziza ezahlukeneyo ngobukhulu kwi le ndlala lengqula. Kufuneka wenze ntoni kwiimeko ezinjalo - ngoko ke ekuqaleni kukrokrelwa funa uqwalaselo lwamayeza.

Ngenxa uphuhliso ngezifo ngenxa intswelo iodine zincediswe kumfanekiso lwezonyango kunye nezinye iimpawu ezinxulumene hypothyroidism: nokuqunjelwa, izifo rhoqo nokuphefumla, wegazi. Xa thyroid adenoma okanye isifo Graves ', kukho iimpawu hyperthyroidism: ukwehla kobunzima, ukuba nochuku, iingcangcazela ngesandla, indlala, nomkhuhlane.

Ehlasela goiter euthyroid

Le ngezifo kubangelwa intswelo iodine. hyperplastic zembuyekezo kunye neenkqubo hypertrophic kule ndlala ndlala omzimba ejolise ekuqinisekiseni kwinqanaba elaneleyo hormone. iindlela encomekayo yokunqongophala ayodini ezinxulumene iqala ukhangelo lomanakalo ayodini, secretion iodide ukuhla kidney triyodtirozina yokuqaphela, bamba oluncediswayo iodine yi le ndlala lengqula. Ngale ndlela, umzimba ihlawula Iodine, kodwa kukho uphuhliso thyrocytes hypertrophy, eqinisekisa ngokhuseleko kwemisebenzi ndlala. goiter Euthyroid kunokuzenza nzima ikhondo yayo ngenxa yeemeko ezifana kwemfuneko Izakha calcium imibala (molybdenum, ikopolo, ayibe, selenium, zinc, manganese), ngokuthatha amayeza athile, zizifo ezingapheliyo, ntshikilelo ngokweemvakalelo, ukutshaya.

Xa uninzi amatyala musa ukuphuhlisa iimpawu lwezonyango, kuba esi sifo siphantse awehlelwa umsebenzi lengqula. Ngamanye amaxesha imeko yomguli inokubonakalisa jikelele ubuthathaka, ukudinwa, ukudinwa. shchitovidki Ukwandisa kakhulu siphene ibonakale izithambiso sikhatshwa kunye nokuziva xi entanyeni. Ezinye iimpawu zesifo lengqula ezinxulumene hypertrophy omzimba ezinokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu: ukudumba endlaleni, legazi, ucinezelo le kuvuleke iminxunya, noqhoqhoqho. Ngokuchasene imvelaphi yale ngezifo ingaqala ezinye iintlobo, enzima ngakumbi goiter.

goiter Toxic

Kwabasetyhini, ubudala umlinganiselo lufumaneka ikakhulu kuyenye goiter ityhefu. Esi sifo anqabe kakhulu ichaphazela abantwana kunye nezigulane abadala. Asikaqaliswa ngokupheleleyo, yintoni izinto ezichaphazela uphuhliso esi sifo, kodwa uninzi iyeza uthathwa unobangela enkulu yeziphene yemfuza ngenxa apho kwenkqubo ulawulo lwemveliso omzimba kwinkqubo wokugonyeka utsho. Ezi ukuphazamiseka kukhokelela kukuba ephuhlisa elilwa yabo lengqula umcu malunga nesigulane eso. Iziphene zemfuzo kulo mzekelo - kuba asiyiyo ukuthambekela ngokupheleleyo kwaye njalo-manani ukuba akukho mfuneko umntwana ogulayo, ukuba esi sifo goiter umntu evela kubazali.

Kakhulu ezinqabileyo kule leengxaki ukunyuka umthamo lengqula. Ngowe-30% ezigulane wafumana ukwanda emehlweni (akuMazwe ophthalmopathy, ophthalmopathy yonyango, exophthalmos). Iimpawu eziphambili goiter ehlasela yityhefu lu dityanisiwe agqithisile hormone eziveliswa kwidlala lengqula. Ngenxa umsebenzi kakhulu yeziphumo hormone kumsebenzi owaphukileyo intliziyo yesigulane, de kuphuhliso arrhythmias. Yokukhulisa iinkqubo pathways kungakhokelela ekubeni umzimba. Izigulane nazo iimpawu ezifana zisiba ebuthongweni, ekhala nokudinwa, ukuba nochuku, lafa imbonakalo.

goiter nodular

goiter Nodular - iqela ezimbi enye into efanayo - yemfundo kwiindawo ndlala ndlala. Emva ukusola yokuqhubela phambili esi sifo, umguli kufuneka zidlule uphando ukujonga ubungakanani kunye nohlobo. Ukuba isigulane uchonge node ngaphezu kwesinye, oko banesifo goiter multinodular ngayo le ndlala lengqula. Ukubonakalisa uqhelekileyo esi sifo a goiter colloidal euthyroid. Iimpawu njengoko enjalo lungenzeki, kodwa iziphene kuvela kwi entanyeni ukuya deformation. Kunye ubuhlungu kuvela iingxaki, nto leyo ibonisa ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwingxelo: ukopha ibandla, ukubonakala nangokurhala, linganyuka ndlala. Iindawo elimlinganiselo enkulu compress uqhoqhoqho okanye kuvuleke iminxunya, nto leyo sikhatshwa ukuphazamiseka kwendlela zokuphefumla ligwinya.

Uphuhliso goiter nodular ibe lula zizinto ezifana yofuzo, izifo ezinganyangekiyo ziintsholongwane, amayeza, izinto ukutya goitrogenic, iimeko zokusingqongileyo. Esona sizathu kukuba kukungabikho iodine emzimbeni. Akukho mfuneko ukuba isifo kwimo yokungahoywa. Jonga nangoko kugqirha ukuba uziva amaqhina le ndlala lengqula. Kufuneka wenze ntoni emva koko, indlela bahlukane kwabo ukuthintela iingxaki - ingafunyanwa kwi thethwano ezizodwa emva kokuba uluhlu ngokupheleleyo ngophengululo. Nguwe kuphela na angathatha amanyathelo kwaye zibeka unyango.

degrees

Degree of goiter nodular waqondisisa lengqula indlela ziphangalalisiwe. Nodes zingaba bukhulu ezahlukeneyo kunye izixa ezahlukeneyo. Xa lwangoku, kukho ukuhlelwa ezimbini goiter nodular emandleni. Lokuqala - e Nikolaev. Kukho eyedwa amaqela-5. Xa zero degree of esinobubovu lengqula ayibonakali kwaye uziva yi Ngokucofa. Lokuqala - ingabonakali, kodwa uvalo. Ngokuzalana lubonakala ngokuba imbonakaliso ebonakalayo esinobubovu ngexesha ukuginya. Kule ukunyuka wesekethe yesithathu sikhula entanyeni. Le yesine kuboniswa goiter esele ibonakala, leyo kukwaphulwa uqwalaselo entanyeni. Okwesihlanu, izinga yokugqibela sifo igcwele iingxaki. Ubukhulu esinobubovu lengqula kukhokelela ucinezelo amalungu ezikufutshane, apho kungenxa yokuba yoniwa umsebenzi isixokelelwano sokuphefumla kwaye sentliziyo phecana zesisu.

Ngokutsho ulwahlulohlulo WHO, kukho amathathu isidanga (zero, eyokuqala neyesibini) kwesi sifo. E zero goiter akuyona eyokuqala - ingabonakali, kodwa uvalo, yaye xa kukho goiter bolwesibini udidi, kwaye kunokubonwa ngeliso lenyama. Ukuba sikwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso zezifo na ingozi ebonakalayo emzimbeni, ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo kunokukhokelela nemiphumela emibi, kuba isityalo - isisifo esibi ukuba, ukongeza utshintsho zangaphandle luchaphazela kakubi kakhulu intsebenziswano yazo zonke iinkqubo kunye namaziko.

iindlela isifo

Iimviwo zokuqala isigulane lwenziwa nge Ngokucofa. Ukuba ithumba uyaziwa, amisele ultrasound ukujonga ubungakanani neoplasms lengqula kunye nobukhulu ngqo. Fine-inaliti yokulangazelela biopsy kwenziwa kwimeko apho ukwakhiwa ezinkulu kuno 1 cm, okanye kukho urhano of yobubi. Ultrasound kudityaniswe biopsy kwandisa isifundo ngokufundisayo.

Thyroid goiter, xa indawo esifubeni kwaye ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, kufuneka bedinga kwicala yomoya, nto leyo ebangela iingxaki. Ukuthintela oku, atyumbe X-ray umahluko barium esifubeni kunye kuvuleke iminxunya. Magnetic intlokoma umfanekiso isetyenziselwa injongo isifundo eneenkcukacha goiter retrosternal. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, kuba akukho emiselweyo.

Indlela yokuphatha goiter

unyango goiter kunokuba emithethweni futhi yotyando. kusetyenziswa le ndlela yokuqala, ukuba unesifo kwentamo, nodular, goiter multinodular ngayo le ndlala lengqula. contraindication Absolute ukuba utyando kwakhona isizathu usebenzisa unyango endala. It iqulathe amanyathelo aliqela. Okokuqala, kufuneka ukuhlaziya nokudla azise elungeleleneyo. Kunjalo kufuneka ukuphucula iimeko nesempilweni. Kukho angamisela unyango kwi njengecebo ezizodwa. amacandelo ebalulekileyo unyango endala ziquka: kuqheleke wesibindi, umsebenzi ethunjini, kulungiswe nakujoliso olutsha losulelo ezingapheliyo, kuqheleke ayodini yokucolwa kwi eziphilayo. Le yokugqibela kufikelelwe ngenxa kokufumana ezinjalo neziyobisi, "triiodothyronine", "Tireoidin", "Tireotom", "Tireokomb".

unyango kuhlinzwa kuyinto emiselweyo, xa kukho iimpawu ezibonisa ukuba utyando: kwentamo goiter IV kunye V nobungakanani goiter ehlasela III ubungakanani apho akanakuba unyango endala, goiter ephikisanayo kunye nodular, lengqula ukuba ukwanda. Goiter kususwa ngeendlela ezimbini: gemistrumektomiya kunye resection ye nomhlehlo. ungenelelo Surgical sihambisana ugqirha phantsi kweliso n'wina i endocrinologist. Kwakhona kuyenzeka ukuba unyango amayeza goiter intsomi. Eyona ndlela kakhulu wazama kwaye wokuqalisa ukusebenzisa imifuno elecampane. Isetyenziswa ukumnika ivodka kwaye asetyenziselwa ngamanzi umqala ukuya lunyango epheleleyo.

Prevention of goitre

Ukuze ukuba ukujamelana goitre sifo, kuyimfuneko ukuba sibe nako ukuwubamba iimeko isifo ukuphuhlisa phantsi kwayo. Sithetha ngayo nothintelo, nto kulo mzekelo nibe yintlama, iqela, ngamnye. Ubunzima iqulathe ekusebenziseni ityuwa iodine, oluqulathe 1 ngetoni 25 iigrem potassium nganye. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ulwamkelo kwiindawo basengozini enkulu ayodini intswelo. Uthintelo Collective ikhutshwa phandle "antistrumin" iziyobisi. Basebenzisa ngayo kwiiyunithi zomkhosi, abantwana kunye neekomiti zesikolo umthamo we-1 tablet nganye ngeveki. Izigulane abafika kuloo ndawo kunye Iodine, kwaye amisele ichiza "antistrumin".

yolondolozo lokunqanda kufuneka yenziwe kunye nokuphelisa yeemeko mandundu ngokusebenzisa inani amanyathelo yococeko kunye nezentlalo (ukulwa usulelo isisu, inkcubeko ucoceko labemi, ukuthintelwa hypovitaminosis, ukutya ezahlukahlukeneyo elungeleleneyo, ukuphucula iimeko zabo zokuphila).