GLONASS - a ... iinkqubo satellite navigation Global. Yintoni GLONASS nendlela iyahluka ukusuka GPS

Inkqubo GLONASS yindlela yokukhangela likhulu ekuvumela ukuba ukulandelela indawo bezinto ezahlukeneyo. Le projekthi, yasungulwa ngo-1982, eli ziyaphuhliswa kwaye kwaphuculwa kule mini. Ngaphezu koko, umsebenzi wenziwa zozibini software GLONASS yobugcisa kunye nezibonelelo ekuvumela ukuba usebenzise abantu le nkqubo ngakumbi nangakumbi. Ngoko ke, ukuba kwiminyaka yokuqala lokuhamba oluntsokothileyo yesathelayithi isetyenziswa ikakhulu xa usombulula imisebenzi zomkhosi, namhlanje GLONASS - isixhobo ukubeka lobuchwepheshe ukuba uye waba ebalulekileyo kubomi izigidi zabasebenzisi yoluntu.

inkqubo navigation satellite Global

Ngenxa yobumbaxa yobugcisa kweeprojekthi ze endaweni satellite ehlabathini namhlanje ukuthobela ngokupheleleyo eli gama kuba iinkqubo ezimbini kuphela - GLONASS kunye GPS. Okokuqala Russian, kwaye eyesibini - isiphumo developers yaseMelika. Ukusuka kwindawo yezobugcisa lwembono, GLONASS - iseti izixhobo zekhompyutha ezizodwa, kwaye ibekwe orbit kwaye emhlabeni.

Ukunxibelelana ne Hewana usebenzisa boluvo ezizodwa kunye balwamkele, kunye nemiqondiso Funda akhiwa ngokusekelwe data wendawo yabo. Ukubala parameters xesha esisetyenziselwa ezizodwa atomic. Baya bakhonza ukujonga indawo yento ngokusekelwe amaza zosasazo kunomathotholo kunye processing. Ukuncitshiswa iimpazamo ivumela ukunika ukubala oluthembekileyo parameters positioning.

Imisebenzi ye navigation satellite

LwaseNtshona Koloni ziba iingxaki lweenkqubo navigation satellite jikelele iquka ukucaza indawo ngqo bezinto eziphila. Ukongezelela geography, yokukhangela zehlabathi iinkqubo satellite kwenza kube lula ukuthatha ixesha ingqalelo, elandela indlela, isantya kunye nezinye iparameters. Ukusebenzisa ezi njongo ngokusebenzisa Hewana kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kumphezulu womhlaba.

Ukusetyenziswa yokukhangela zehlabathi lisusiwe kuphela kwishishini zokuhamba. Satellites ukunceda yokukhangela nokuhlangula imisebenzi, ukuphunyezwa kwe imisebenzi geodetic kunye nolwakhiwo, kwakunye ngaphandle kwazo akakwazi ukwenza intsebenziswano kunye nenkonzo izitishi kunye nezinye izithuthi isithuba. kushishino Military kwakhona akwasala ngaphandle inkqubo yenkxaso GPS. GLONASS esasihamba ukulungiselela iinjongo ezinjalo inika umqondiso ekhuselekileyo elungiselelwe ngokukodwa izixhobo eligunyazisiweyo iSebe lezoKhuselo.

Le nkqubo GLONASS

ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo le nkqubo yaqala ngo-2010, lo gama kuzanywa ukungena kwisakhiwo kumsebenzi esebenzayo kwenziwa ukususela ngo-1995 Ngeendlela ezininzi, iingxaki ziye ezinxulumene eside ephantsi-Hewana ezisetyenzisiweyo.

Okwangoku, GLONASS - a Hewana 24 esebenza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo komzila. Ngokubanzi, amacandelo amathathu ukuze ibe nezibonelelo ezikhoyo yokukhangela: iziphekepheke esilawula (libonelela amaqela zolawulo orbit), kwakunye iindlela zobugcisa zabasebenzisi navigation.

Hewana 24, nganye eneyazo lunobude rhoqo, yahlulwe yaba ziindidi eziliqela. On ikhweyitha ngalinye accounted for satellites 12. Ngokusebenzisa ilawula satellite ngaphezu kumphezulu womhlaba yakha igridi, apho iimpawu azimisele uququzelelo ngqo. Ukongeza, i-satellite GLONASS uneenjongo eziliqela yogcino. Kwakhona nganye orbit yayo; banganeli kungasebenzi nto. Phakathi imisebenzi zabo ziquka ukwandisa cula bommandla othile kunye nokutshintsha kokuphuma inkqubo satellite.

system GPS

okuphikisana American, GLONASS - inkqubo GPS, apho waqalisa ukusebenza ngo-1980, kodwa kuphela ukusukela ngo-2000, ukubeka accuracy wenza kunokwenzeka zihanjiswe ngokubanzi phakathi kwabathengi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, GPS satellites ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka ka-2-3 m. Ukulibaziseka kuphuhliso iinketho navigation ixesha elide kwaba ngenxa imida yendawo uhlobo ngumntu. Kodwa zokurhoxa yabo kuvunyelwa ngobuciko esiphezulu ukugqiba ezihambelanayo. Nokuba ungqamaniso iyazalisekiswa kunye balwamkele ezincinane kubangela engqinelanayo GLONASS.

Umahluko phakathi GLONASS kunye GPS

Ekubalaseliswe umahluko othile phakathi kweenkqubo navigation. Ngokukodwa, kukho umahluko kuhlobo lungiselelo kunye isiphakamiso-Hewana ukujikeleza. Le GLONASS complex zihamba moya ezintathu (Hewana ezisibhozo nganye), kunye nenkqubo GPS unika umsebenzi moya ezintandathu (malunga ezine moya nganye). Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo Russian inika indawo ebanzi Ingxelo somhlaba, lokubonakala uvakalelo oluphezulu. Noko ke, xa kusenziwa, elifutshane elithi "umphefumlo"-Hewana zasekhaya akuthethi ukuba amandla ngokupheleleyo kwenkqubo GLONASS. GPS, ke, ixhasa ukuchaneka phezulu ngenxa inani kakhulu-Hewana. Noko ke, isakhiwo Russian rhoqo wazisa Hewana omtsha ukuba nenjongo eziza kusetyenziselwa yona kunye nenkxaso pele.

iindlela ezahlukeneyo uphawu encoding ziyasebenza - Americans usebenzisa ikhowudi nge, kunye GLONASS - FDMA. Xa kubalwa abaphiwa data ye imeko inkqubo satellite Russian ubonelela imodeli ezimbaxa ngakumbi. Ngenxa yoko, kubalulekile ukuba usebenzise GLONASS ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ophezulu, nto leyo kubonakaliswe ubukhulu kwefowuni.

Ezivumela GLONASS ubunakho?

Phakathi imisebenzi inkqubo esisiseko - ukumisela uququzelelo yenjongosenzi ekwaziyo lokunxibelelana kunye satellites GLONASS. GPS kule ndlela wenza imisebenzi efanayo. Ngokukodwa, i parameters ebalwe sesindululo emhlabeni, ulwandle nomoya izibonelelo. Kwimizuzwana nje embalwa, isithuthi inikwa Umlawuli ochaphazelekayo Ungabala iimpawu sesindululo yayo.

Ukusetyenziswa navigation jikelele iye inyanzelekile ukuba iindidi ezithile zezithuthi. Ukuba 2000 ukusasazeka endaweni yesathelayithi sinxulumene ulawulo-asethi ezithile qhinga, abaphiwa namhlanje zixhotyiswe neenqanawa aselwandle nomoya, izithuthi zikawonke-njalo. E. Kunokwenzeka nembopheleleko ukuze kuqinisekwe GLONASS-omkhulu kuzo zonke iimoto zabucala kwixa elizayo.

Ziziphi izixhobo ezisebenza GLONASS

Le nkqubo uyakwazi azibandakanyi okuqhubekayo kwihlabathi zonke iindidi zabasebenzisi, ngaphandle kokukhetha, nokuba yemozulu, i lwesithuba kunye neemeko nezenyama. Ngokunjalo neenkonzo ka-GPS, GLONASS yokukhangela simahla, naphi na ehlabathini.

Phakathi ngamayelenqe bayakwazi ukufumana satellite, angabonakaliyo kuphela izixhobo kwi-kwibhodi yokukhangela kunye GPS-balwamkele, kodwa iiselfowuni. Idatha kwi indawo, ulwalathiso nesantya nentshukumo zithunyelwa umncedisi ekhethekileyo uthungelwano GSM-mashishini. Ukusetyenziswa navigation yesathelayithi kwenza GLONASS ucwangciso olukhethekileyo kunye nezicelo ezahlukeneyo ukuba abandakanyeke processing ikhadi.

balwamkele zihlangene

ukwandiswa Territorial yeNavigeyishini satellite neziphumo ukuhlanganisa iinkqubo ezimbini ngokwembono yabathengi. Ukuziqhelisa, GLONASS GPS izixhobo basoloko leli and vice versa, nto leyo ephucula ukuchana ndawo kunye nexesha. Nngokobuchwepheshe, le iqaphelwa esebenzisa abenzi boluvo ezimbini yayanyaniswe browser enye. Ngenxa yale nto kwaye ikhuphe oluhlangeneyo receiver, ezibhalwa ngaxeshanye kunye nenkqubo GLONASS, GPS kunye nezixhobo ezinxulumene noko.

Ukongeza ekuphuculeni ukuchana yokufumanisa uququzelelo obume belizwe eli ngokuncedisana kuvumela tracking indawo xa Hewana omnye lweenkqubo angangeni. Elona inani lezinto Orbital, "ukubonakala" nto leyo efunekayo ukuze ukusebenza Nomqhubi, kuba iiyunithi ezintathu. Ngoko ke, ukuba, umzekelo, inkqubo GLONASS kuba engavumelekanga, eze satellites zoncedo GPS.

Okunye system satellite navigation

iiprojekthi zophuhliso, efanayo kwemida ukuze GLONASS kunye GPS, inxaxheba kwi-European Union, kwakunye Indiya kunye neTshayina. I-Arhente Space European uceba ukusebenzisa inkqubo uGalileo ibandakanya Hewana 30 eya kuvumela ukuphumeza ukuchana nanto. Indiya Icetywe ukuba ukuqalisa inkqubo IRNSS isetyenziswa satellites ezisixhenxe. inkqubo Ukuhamba yi swi ukusetyenziswa ekhaya. inkqubo Compass evela abaphuhlisi Chinese kufuneka luqulathe igama amacandelo amabini. Lokuqala liya kuba Hewana-5, kwaye eyesibini - 30 Ngako oko, ababhali projekthi ibonisa format servings ezimbini.