Yintoni global?

Namhlanje, mhlawumbi namnye ezwe GPS. Noko ke, kukho ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo oko kukuthi, ayikho kwaphela. Eli nqaku liza kuzama ukuqonda ukuba yintoni na inkqubo yokumisa equka konke, ukuba yenziwe ukusuka apho kwaye isebenza njani.

indaba

Inkqubo navigation GPS kuyinxalenye Navstar entsonkothileyo, yaye ezisetyenziswa yi-US kwiSebe lezoKhuselo. projekthi entsonkothileyo yaqala ukuphumeza 1973. Yaye ekuqaleni 1978, emva kokuba uvavanyo ngempumelelo, sibeka ukusebenza. Ngo-1993, Hewana-24, eziquka ngokupheleleyo ubuso iplanethi yethu sele zifakiwe ijikeleza uMhlaba. imfazwe Civil inethweki Navstar waziwa GPS, nto leyo ithetha Global Positoning System ( «Global Positioning System").

noseko lwalo iqulathe Hewana, iyileyo ihamba emendweni setyhula orbit ezintandathu. Ububanzi kubo nje iimitha enesiqingatha, kwaye ubude - ngaphezulu kancinane ezintlanu. Ubunzima kulo mzekelo kukuba zomyalelo ngeekhilogram ezingamashumi amane anamanci asibhozo. Bonke bephela ukunika ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo nayiphi indawo iplanethi yethu.

Monitoring lwenziwa isikhululo ulawulo inkosi in eColorado. Kukho Schriever Air Force Base - uxhulumaniso amahlanu yesiqalo.

On Earth, kukho izikhululo ngaphezu kweshumi zenzelwe ukulandelela. Bona kwi Ascension Island, Hawaii, Kwajalein, Diego Garcia, Colorado Springs, e-Cape Canaveral nakwezinye iindawo, inani apho likhula ngonyaka ngamnye. Zonke iinkcukacha efunyenwe kubo adluliselwa kwisikhululo enkulu. Ilayisha data kunye izilungiso wenza zonke iiyure ezingamashumi amabini anesine.

inkqubo satellite, leyo isebenza phantsi kolawulo US DOD - Ezo global. Isebenza kuzo zonke iimeko zemozulu kwaye rhoqo ekudluliseleni ulwazi.

isimiso ukusebenza

Iinkqubo Positioning GPS Global zisekelwe ziqendwana zilandelayo:

• trilateration satellite;
• satellite lemetry;
• ngqo kwixesha;
• indawo;
• ukulungiswa.

Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha.

Phantsi ekubaleni trilateration libhekisela data umgama Hewana ezintathu, ngenxa apho kunokwenzeka ukubala indawo yencopho ethile.

Ezisukela kuthetha umgama ukuya Hewana ezibalelwa uphawu radio ixesha andise kubo ukuba umamkeli kunye isivamvo sokukhanya. Ukuze siqonde ixesha eveliswe ikhowudi PRN apho umdlali ukwazi ukutshixa naliphi ixesha ukulibaziseka.

Lo mzobo ulandelayo ubonisa ukuxhomekeka ngqo ukuchaneka kwewotshi. Satellites yokusebenza i wotshi atom, ukuchaneka yayo ukuya nanosecond omnye. Noko ke, ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu, azikho kusetyenziswa yonke indawo.

I-Hewana zisendaweni ezinobude kweekhilomitha ngaphezu amabini amawaka ukusuka uMhlaba, kangangoko kuyimfuneko ukwenzela uzinzo isindululo Orbital kunye yindibanisela ukuxhathisa umoya.

Xa inkqubo yokumisa equka konke ehlabathini wenza iimpazamo ukuba zimpi. Oku kungenxa umqondiso edlula i-ntathu eziFihliweyo kunye ionosphere, apho isantya lifinyele, nto leyo ekhokelela ukwehluleka imilinganiselo.

inkqubo iinxalenye nemephu

Kukho iimveliso ezininzi inkqubo yokumisa kunye GIS izicelo zehlabathi ukuba mapping. Enkosi kubo, iinkcukacha zejografi uzikise kwaye ihlaziywa ngokukhawuleza. Amacandelo zezi mveliso GPS-balwamkele, isoftware nokugcinwa kwedatha.

Abaphiwa bayakwazi ukwenza izibalo kunye rhoqo ngaphantsi kwe yesibini kunye nokuchaneka amashumi ngeesentimitha ukuya kwiimitha ezintlanu, esebenzayo kwindlela umahluko. Baya kwahluka enye kwenye ngobukhulu, memory umthamo kunye Inani lweetshaneli umkhondo.

Nangona umntu emi endaweni enye okanye uhamba, umdlali ifumana imiyalezo evela kwi Hewana wenze ukubalwa kwindawo yayo. Iziphumo ziboniswa njengoko ilungelelanise kwidispleyi.

Nabaqondisi ke iikhompyutha eziphathwayo ukuba kusebenza phantsi kolawulo lwe-software olufunekayo ukuqokelelwa kwedatha. Software olawula unit receiver. Ezi drives ezi ezinobukhulu obahlukileyo kunye neendidi sokurekhoda data.

inkqubo nganye ifakwe software. Emva ulayisha ulwazi ukusuka drive ukuya ikhompyutha, inkqubo kwandisa lokuchaneka kwedatha usebenzise indlela processing okhethekileyo, ebizwa ngokuba "ukulungiswa lock". Software lucinga data. Inxenye ke kubo ezinokulungiswa ngesandla, enye - elizakushicilelwa kwaye njalo njalo.

GPS global - iinkqubo ezikhuthaza ukuqokelelwa kolwazi ukuba igalelo zolwazi kunye software uthumela ukuba inkqubo GIS.

ukulungisa umehluko

Lendlela iphucula kakhulu lokuchaneka kwedatha eqokelelweyo. Ngoko enye balwamkele umiselwa kwindawo zilungelelanise kunye nezinye iinkcukacha eziqokelelwe apho ayaziwa.

ukulungiswa umahluko iphunyeziwe ngeendlela ezimbini.

• Okokuqala - ukulungiswa umahluko-ixesha lenene, ezithi zibalwe ze ofakwe Imposiso isikhululo eziphambili satellite nganye. data yahluzwa ziqondeka akwamkele mobile esibonisa data alungiswe.
• Second - zahlula kwezobulungisa e post - kwenzeka xa isikhululo ephambili ubhala ulungiso ngqo ifayile kwikhompyutha yakho. Ifayile yoqobo adluliselwa kunye esulungekisiweyo, ngoko ujikele differentially alungiswe.

imaphu Trimble ekwaziyo esebenzisa iindlela. Ngoko ke, ukuba imo-time real lomncedis, kunokwenzeka nangoku ukulisebenzisa ngeposi.

isicelo

GPS ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, i-Global Positioning System emhlabeni ezisetyenziswa kakhulu entsimini kwezibonelelo zendalo, apho zokuma, zebhayoloji, foresters, zejografi uzisebenzise zokurekhodisha amalungiselelo kunye nolwazi olongezelelweyo. Kubalulekile kwakhona kummandla wophuhliso lwezibonelelo kunye noqoqosho zasezidolophini, xa kulawulwa izithuthi kunye neenkqubo zikamasipala.

ukusetyenziswa kwezi inkqubo yokumisa GPS-ezifunyenweyo kwezolimo, echaza, umzekelo, namasimi ethile. Xa entsimini ezentlalo, ababhali-mbali kunye abembi bazisebenzise yolawulo kunye nobhaliso Iindawo Indawo yeMbali.

Scope GPS iinkqubo nemephu ayipheli apho. Zinokuthi zisetyenziswe ngayo nayiphi na ezinye izicelo ezifuna zilungelelanise ngqo, ixesha kunye nolunye ulwazi.

GPS-umyalezo

Le radio, egqiba uququzelelo ye indawo ye-antenna ngokusekelwe kulwazi malunga ixesha ukulibaziseka Navstar iisignali zerediyo kwiisathelayithi.

Imilinganiselo akhekha an ukuchaneka eziimitha ezintathu ukuya kwezintlanu, kwaye xa kukho uphawu ukusuka kwisikhululo emhlabeni - up to nawethu omnye. GPS-omkhulu commerce kwiisampuli ubudala babe ukuchaneka ikhulu elinamashumi amahlanu eemitha, kodwa abo amatsha - up to eziimitha ezintathu.

Ngenxa yokuba GPS-balwamkele eyenziweyo imithi, GPS-aba bazingeli kunye GPS-omkhulu.

Izixhobo inokuba umsebenzisi kunye nobungcali. Le iindlela kwizinga ezahlukeneyo yesibini, ezitsho, iinkqubo navigation kunye nexabiso.

balwamkele Custom bayakwazi ukuxelela ngqo indawo, ixesha, indawo, umyalelo, yi umsebenzisi, isantya sangoku lolwazi lwendlela. Le nkcazelo iboniswe kwi ifowuni okanye ikhompyutha kuyo isixhobo iqhotyoshelwe apha.

GPS-omkhulu: iimephu

Iimephu ukwanda esasihamba esemgangathweni. Ba vector kunye yeraster Iintlobo.

izinto data zigcinwa inguqulelo yomzobo, indawo kunye nezinye iinkcukacha. Zingakotshwa wabeka iimpawu ngengingqi kunye neentlobo ezininzi izinto zendalo, ezifana iihotele, izitishi igesi, iindawo zokutyela, njalo njalo. E., Njengokuba ke musa nemifanekiso zithatha isithuba ngaphantsi baze basebenze ngokukhawuleza.

Iintlobo Raster - alula. Zimele umfanekiso indawo ezihambelanayo kuyo. Oku kungenziwa ukusuka satellite ifoto okanye udidi imephu iphepha - kuskenwa.

Okwangoku, kukho iinkqubo inqanawa, umsebenzisi lingagqiba izinto zabo.

GPS-aba bazingeli

Loo izixhobo kunomathotholo abafumana ifumana kwaye lokudlulisa iliso tracking iintshukumo izinto ezahlukeneyo, apho lugxunyekwe khona. Oku kuquka i-, zilungelelanise emisela, kwaye samaza ethumela ukuba umsebenzisi emajukujukwini.

GPS-aba bazingeli zezi:

• zobuqu, wasebenzisa ngamnye;
• endleleni, siqhagamshelwe autonet ekwinqwelo.

Zisetyenziswa ukugqiba indawo bezinto ezahlukeneyo (abantu, izithuthi, izilwanyana, iimpahla, njalo njalo).

Against ezi izixhobo zinokusetyenziswa uphawu ziyibuyisela kuthetha oyinxalenye uphazamiseko kwi kwezo ezitsho apho lo mzingeli isebenza.

GPS-logger

Ezi oonomathotholo unako ukusebenza ngeendlela ezimbini:

• EziQhelekileyo GPS-umyalezo;
• logger, ukurekhoda endleleni ulwazi inkumbulo, leyo sele upasisiwe.

Bangakwazi:

• portable device, mayixhotyiswe ibhetri encinane ngobukhulu zitshajwe;
• imoto, kuxhaswa yi inethiwekhi ekwinqwelo.

Xa imifuziselo mihla yonke imithi data ukurekhodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba amanqaku angamakhulu amabini amawaka. Kwakhona kukho isindululo ukuba bamakishe nayiphi na indawo apha umendo wayo.

Ezi zixhobo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kule ukhenketho, ezemidlalo, yokulandelela, mapping, ucando lomhlaba kunye njalo njalo.

eyona ndawo Global namhlanje

Ngokusekelwe kule nkcazelo ingentla sinokugqiba ukuba iinkqubo ezinjalo sele ukusetyenziswa kulo lonke ndawo, yaye ububanzi isicelo ithande ukuba kwande ngakumbi.

eyona ndawo Global iquka kwinqanaba yokusebenzisa. Usebenzisa ezobuchwepheshe yakutshanje kwenza le nkqubo omnye ethandwa kakhulu kule ingxenye emarikeni.

Kunye GPS kwi GLONASS Russian iyaphuhliswa eYurophu - UGalileo.

Ngelo xesha linye Global Positioning ayikho ngaphandle kuneengxaki. Ngokomzekelo, eflethini kwezakhiwo ngakumbi ngekhonkrithi, xa kwitonela okanye ukucuthwa ukumisela indawo ngqo akwenzeki. Ukwamkelwa eqhelekileyo kuphazamise izaqhwithi Imagnethi yomhlaba kunye nemithombo zerediyo, eziphezu komhlaba. ngokukhawuleza iimephu navigation iphelelwe.

Le ethile inkulu kukuba le nkqubo ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwi-US kwiSebe lezoKhuselo, nanokuthi nangaliphi na ixesha, umzekelo, ukwenza okanye ukukhubaza lo yomphakathi ye-jikelele. Kubalulekile ke ngoko ukuba ukongeza GPS iinkqubo positioning lwehlabathi GLONASS, kunye uGalileo nayo uyaphuhliswa.