Fedorovsky Monastery, Pereslavl: excursions kunye nohlaziyo

Ngowe-1304 kufuphi Pereslavl ibisekwe eMonastri, ethe waba lesikhumbuzo ukuba iziganeko ezenzeka apha ngoJuni 8 kuloo nyaka. Ngale mini basike, esasayame idolophu, impi ephuma umkhosi Moscow Prince uYuri Danilovich woyisa amadoda Prince of yaseTver uMikhail Yaroslavovych. ixabiso elikhulu igazi ngaloo mini boyiswa Russian Russian. Iinyembezi abahlolokazi neenkedama zazizaliswe neembasa zabo yokuphumelela. Nangona kunjalo, xa kwimbali Russia kwakukho emininzi imizekelo ezinjalo.

Phantsi ukusekelwa Grand Neendwalutho

Ukususela ngaloo mini sibi iCawa Orthodox ibhiyozela memory of the Holy Great Martyr Feodora Stratilata, woonongendi ibisekelwe entsimini, kufuma udade igazi, igama lakhe nodumo lwakhe. Ekuqaleni, kwaba uyindoda, yaye njengoko oko kungqinwa banentsomi phakathi iimonki yakhe nxaxheba ezo ziganeko.

Nangona isibakala sokuba Fedorovsky Monastery (Pereslavl) wabonakala ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIV, ubungqina ebhaliweyo wokuqala usebenza kuphela 1511, xa Imithetho eMoscow Grand Prince Vasily III - uyise Ivana Groznogo. Ukususela yemihla yembali loo minyaka kwakusazeka ukuba woonongendi ngelo xesha nempumelelo kakhulu yaye nempahla yabo kuphela ilizwe elikhulu kunye kumakhaya amaninzi umlimi, kodwa ke ezixabisekileyo izinto ibandla.

Loo impumelelo umona ngenxa yokuba Fedorovsky Monastery (Pereslavl) ebesoloko gqitha ukusekelwa kwikhaya oyinganga, apho ke wahamba yeminikelo. Ukongeza, wakhetha irhuluneli kunye izidwangube lwenqila, uzimisele ukubonisa ukunyaniseka, hayi stinting, wathumela ehlala mali kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zexabiso.

Gift ukumkani inzima

Waqhubeka ngokwesithethe wooyise, Tsar Ivan labangcangcazelisi. Kumsitho wokuzalwa May 11, 1557, unyana kunye yindlalifa kwitrone - elizayo nokumkani Fodora Ioannovicha - ebanika woonongendi mali Fedorovsky ukwenzela ukwakhiwa yecawa, alondolozwa ukuze imihla yethu.

Fedorovsky Monastery (Pereslavl), ogama Architecture iyonke ilitye lesikhumbuzo ocacileyo zakhiwo ibandla Russian, ngokwemeko okuyo iqala kunye yecawa, elisuke izakhiwo zayo yamandulo. Ekuqaleni, ngokutsho abakhi, bonke uhlobo ubonisa amandla kunye ukuqina. Zakhe ezinkulu iphakama ngaphezu komhlaba esi sakhiwo jize uphahla ezintlanu, ubeke phezu imigqomo ukukhanya enamandla, wonqanyulwa, neefestile ezo zivaliweyo nkqo. Kwiinkulungwane emva yecawa ngokutsha izihlandlo eziliqela ugwebe ifomu yayo yoqobo, singakwazi kuphela kwiinkcazo basinda.

Kara Nkosi

Fedorovsky Monastery (Pereslavl) ngempumelelo waze 1667, de isixeko ubunzima sasiyintlekele - bhubhani lwesibetho. Ngeendleko oswelekileyo waya makhulu, yaye kungekudala kwabakho isithuba esaneleyo phakathi kwabo kumangcwaba dolophu. Yazi ngenxa yezono zabantu yase umonde weNkosi, kodwa umsindo wakhe elichithwe becala abantu. Badla babe ngamaxhoba esi sifo.

Ngenxa yoko, xa imithandazo abemi uSomandla sithintelwe esixekweni lokuhlasela, kwaye ubhubhane wayeka e Pereslavl washiya inani elikhulu abahlolokazi kunye namantombazana abazinkedama abo ngenkalipho ndawo enye ukuya kodwa weemonki. Kodwa kunokwenzeka ingozi esingenazo nokungabikho loonongendi umzi.

Ukudala nunnery

Ngequbuliso kwafika uncedo nkolo evela ikomkhulu eMoscow. Lo mlawuli uhlonipha Alexis, deigned ukuya iintsizi zabo, ngoko nangoko wayalela usolusapho uYosefu Qinisekisa ukuba indawo yokusabela abahlolokazi kunye neentombi imiphefumlo yabo (kuhle, nemizimba, kunjalo). Kulo mba, kwagqitywa ekubeni abanike Fedorovsky Monastery oyindoda (Pereslavl), uyayiguqulela ibe ngumfazi.

Abemi zangaphambili, owathi emva ubhubhane hayi asindileyo ngaphezulu kweshumi, ezithunyelwa kwamanye nezigodlo. Ngaphezu koko, ukumkani-uyise ezinikwe elalisandul 'ukusekwa sigodlo emcimbini iindawo zomhlaba, ukuba balahle inkxalabo malunga noonongendi tona.

Fedorovsky Monastery (Pereslavl), ifoto apho yaziswe iphepha ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVIII wongeza izakhiwo ezimbini okubalaseleyo ngokungaphaya, ngokunjalo nendlu yayo engundoqo, baye basinda. It esakhiwe 1710 Vvedensky ebandleni, yaye omnye - isibhedlele, imbeko Kazan Icon ye nguMama kaThixo, wakha kwiminyaka emine kamva. Ngamnye kubo nomdla engaqhelekanga ukusuka kwicala zembali, kunye nezobugcisa.

German eyenza i woonongendi Orthodox

Exakayo, indawo eliphezulu ngokuchuma yayo iye yafika woonongendi ebudeni bolawulo Peter I, xa abanye eMonastri abaninzi abanamava izihlandlo nzima kwimbali yawo. Inyaniso yokuba, kuzo zonke nokunganyanzelisi nto, umlawuli akuzange, elandela umzekelo ababengaphambi kwakhe, kuphela ukuba iminikelo ngamaxesha athile yaye wazifundisa nongendi bafumane imali ngokwabo. On imiyalelo yakhe woonongendi kwavulwa kucweyo nokuluka, apho yonke inkqubo waya kwiteknoloji elibolekiweyo eJamani.

Ukongeza, umlawuli wayalela (uze uzame ukwenza!), Ukuba eyayingunongendi ngalinye Iyakwazi yobugcisa ngokuqinisekileyo uya ukufundisa le intombazanyana eyayingunongendi okanye abo basandula kuqalisa. Kunzima ukutsho njani oku kubonakala oodade ukukhula ngokomoya, kodwa ngokwemiqathango eziphathekayo isiphumo sekucaca. Ngenxa iimveliso zayo kwizinga eliphezulu nabaluki emishini ukuba zisasazwe ngokubanzi, kwaye abasungula umlambo ebuncwaneni woonongendi.

End of zokuceba

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX, xa eRashiya afumana ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwemveliso nkulu, oodade abazange bakwazi ukukhuphisana ngempumelelo kunye mveliso ukwaluka ezinkulu eziye zavela kule lizwe wayizalisa emarikeni kunye iimveliso zabo enganeno. Ngenxa yoko, Fedorovsky Monastery (Pereslavl), imbali apho ngelo xesha yayiquka phantse emithandathu iinkulungwane, Sivikivekile, wenjenjeya ukuya ngasemva, enika indlela kwezinye yoonongendi, ezingcono-Russian. Kodwa ke dade abalahlekelwanga intliziyo.

Ndayihluthwa yangaphambili izinto ngokuchuma, woonongendi ayikho lilambatha. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX kwakukho malunga angamakhulu amahlanu noonongendi. Ngeli xesha ubomi emishini kuphelela ngomnye abbesses kakhulu esebenzayo - Abbess Eugenia. imibhalo yakhe isidlo eqhelekileyo kwakhiwa, kangangokuba ngamnye oodade ithuba awunandaba ukutya, ukujongana umcimbi owabelwe kuyo. Ngelo xesha kwi woonongendi ezisebenza izikolo ezine nokufundisa abantwana simahla zabahlali abahlelelekileyo Pereslavl.

Phantsi igunya lentshembenxa

Oku waze 1917, de urhulumente omtsha ngenxa "ulonwabo jikelele" alizithathi kuyimfuneko ukuvala woonongendi, izikolo zavalwa, indela kunisasaza, kunye abbess yazo ezingenamandla ngokugqithiseleyo thumela iminyaka emininzi kule nkampu. Iphinde umfazi omdala sele owalupheleyo, wachitha iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe esesangweni close emishini.

Emva Fedorov sigodlo (Pereslavl) sele ivaliwe, idale indawo elincinane noonongendi, ukuzama ngale ndlela ukuqhelana iimeko ezintsha, kodwa ngowe-1923 itshitshisiwe kuyo. izakhiwo isigodlo, ukubiyelwa udonga nkqi, wasebenzisa urhulumente omtsha yaye izitora njengoko kwizakhiwo zoshishino. Ngelo xesha elinye yabekwa khona ngisho koloni izaphuli-mthetho ongumntwana. Emva kwemfazwe, le ndawo obuwiswe kulahlwe omnye iiyunithi, yaye kamva kwaku Institute Research.

Ibuyisela ezingcwele zingcoliswe

Ukubuya woonongendi engcwele impahla leCawa yobuOthodoki ilandelwe ngo-1998, xa ngenxa yeenguqu kwimigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente unqulo eninzi ngoko esihluthiweyo ngokungekho mthethweni, babuyela abanini zabo zangaphambili.

Ngokoqobo ukususela kwimihla wokuqala imisebenzi ukubuyiselwa yaqala, kwada kwasekupheleni ayikagqitywa unanamhla. Kodwa loo nto kube lula ukubuyisela ebomini ngokupheleleyo emishini kwi woonongendi. Kuzo zonke zontathu iicawa yabanjwa iinkonzo zonqulo kunye izithethe zonqulo yenziwa. Inani elipheleleyo noonongendi zisencinci kakhulu, kodwa ke inani yabo iyakhula kunyaka ngamnye, yaye benza konke okusemandleni abo ukuze ukubuyisela yoonongendi ngobukhulu bakhe bangaphambili. Kodwa iingxaki ezininzi.

Ilinde umqondiso

Njengoko kudla ngokwenzeka kwiimeko ezinjalo, musa ukuba imali eyaneleyo yokuhlawula umsebenzi wokulungisa hayi iicawa kuphela, kodwa yonke Fedorovsky Monastery (Pereslavl). Iihambo salungelelaniswa imibutho umkhenkethi kunye nenkokheli woonongendi, kuzisa umvuzo ethile, kodwa ukuphumeza zonke izicwangciso zakhe akwanelanga.

Oodade kule sihlandlo wathi ukulinda umqondiso, nto leyo iya kutyhilwa yi ezinye ngumxhasi bahanahanisi, njengokuba eye yenzeka ngaphambili. Kaloku, eminyaka isixhenxe imbali woonongendi kaNdikhoyo amaxesha amaninzi uschedryal inceba yakhe, ukuba ithemba oonongendi eqondakalayo abangele novelwano.

Uhambo eehambo

Namhlanje, kukho uncedo olukhulu kule nto yayidla kukuba uninzi ziindwendwe Pereslavl phakathi kwezinye iindawo ezinika umdla ayo kuvelela Fedorovsky Monastery (Pereslavl). Ingxelo evela kwabo baya kuwo, kunye okuvelayo intlanganiso ngale oqingqiweyo Russian kobuOthodoki siqulathe kukhankanywa yeenkonzo ibandla, Walungiswa ezintlafunweni, ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwiinkonzo zenkolo kunye emikhosini yenkolo. Konke oku, ukongeza inzuzo enkulu yokomoya nabasemzini, kwaye izisa njengengeniso woonongendi, oko kukuthi, unika imali kakhulu, ukunqongophala leyo ayikuvumeli kubetheleleke ngokupheleleyo wonke umjikelo we umsebenzi wokubuyiselwa kwakhe.

Ukufunda iingxelo abahambi aseleyo kule ncwadi kulala woonongendi, kwaye kwiiwebhusayithi zabo, engathandi sinikele ingqalelo into yokuba uninzi lwabo njengentloko beendonga weemonki ezinikezelwa okuvelayo ekuthiwa imvakalelo engaqhelekanga namolennye kweendonga zayo. Le imvakalelo, liqela linye ikholwa, ubaleka ngathi ngomsonto obomvu kwiirekhodi abantu abaninzi abaye batyelela Fedorovsky Monastery (Pereslavl).

Ukuphononongwa, kodwa hayi wafumana indawo yayo inkolo, nayo umdla. Bakuba beyiphosile ilothe njengaye oluphambili ukunxibelelana kwimbali ephilayo elizweni lethu. Akumangalisi oku, njengoko kwakunjalo kanye isixeko samandulo iziko yesibini ebalulekileyo Grand Duchy eMoscow woonongendi engcwele - amaziko zokomoya ezibalulekileyo Rus Ancient.