Ezimacala rhoqo endalweni

Yintoni eyayiza kwenzeka ukuba kwakukho uhlobo kuphela enye imilo, ezifana ifomu, njengoko uxande ehlabathini? Ezinye izinto ayahlukanga kuzo zonke iingcango, ezirhuqwayo imithwalo, zebhola - bonke zikhangeleka ngokufanayo zonke. Kodwa kuthekani izibambo? Baya kuba ongaziwa. A wheel semoto? Bekuya kuba ngokungasebenzi. Kanye football? Kunzima ukucinga. Ngethamsanqa, ihlabathi lizele ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Ingaba kukho ezimacala rhoqo kwindalo? Ewe, kwaye kukho ezininzi.

Yintoni buyimilo?

Ukuze zibalo buyimilo, kufuneka iimeko ezithile. Okokuqala, kufuneka kubekho nje inamacala namaqela amaninzi engile. Ukongeza, kufuneka ibe luhlobo elivaliweyo. A polygon rhoqo oyintsobi nawo onke amacala alingane kunye engile. Ngoko, kwi engalunganga ukuze igqwethekile kancinane.

Types of yeepoligoni rhoqo

Yintoni na inani ubuncinane lamacala anokuba yipolygon? Enye kungaba nzima kakhulu amaqela. Le macala mabini kwakhona niyoyisakala nente sokubumba elivaliweyo. A amaqela ezintathu - njengoko unxantathu. Yaye ekubeni sithetha yipolygon apho onke amacala nee-engile bayalingana, siya wayebhekisela unxantathu alinganayo.

Ukuba ufaka elinye icala, ufumana isikwere. Ingaba uxande, apho amaqela ayilungelelene, kuba yipolygon? Akukho, eli nani liya kubizwa ngokuba uxande. Xa usongeza icala sesihlanu, wena ufumane pentagon. Ngako oko, kukho namacala, heptagon, octagons, njalo njalo infinitum intengiso.

geometry iyevakala

Iipolygons iintlobo ezahlukeneyo: vula, ivaliwe kunye nokuzeyisa ezidibanayo. Lo mzobo geometry polygon aphantsi uthe tyaba, nto leyo anqongophele ngenxa kwitsheyini anesiphelo amacandelo kumgca ngqo ukwenza buyimilo okanye imiqolo elivaliweyo. Ezi ziqwempu Iikona okanye omabini, kwaye iingongoma apho elintlangothi mbini kumkhawulela, - eziphezulu kunye neekona. Inxalenye engaphakathi polygon maxa wambi ebizwa ngokuba umzimba wakhe.

Ezimacala kwindalo kunye nobomi babantu

Ngelixa iindlela pentagonal ezininzi ngeendlela ezininzi eziphilayo, ihlabathi izimbiwa zikhetha ulingano kabini, kathathu, kane kunye oluphindwe-ezintandathu. Le ntandathu i imilo ashinyeneyo esibonelela yokusebenza eliphezulu zesakhiwo. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo kakhulu kwinkalo molecule ziikristale apho imilo pentagonal phantse ziphinde zenzeke. Steroid, cholesterol, benzene, iivithamini C no-D, aspirin, iswekile, grafayithi - kuba ubukho macala sixfold. Apho indalo kukho ezimacala rhoqo? Nakubugcisa ezinamacala idumileyo adalwe ziinyosi, oonomeva kunye ngoonomeva.

iimolekyuli zamanzi amathandathu kuba ngundoqo yikristale ikhephu nganye. Ngoko ke kuvela a snowflake. Facets fly ifomu eye kuthinteleke ukubola okudalwa ilungiselelo ezinamacala amahlanu. Ziziphi ezinye ezimacala rhoqo kwindalo? Oku ziikristale amanzi, nedayimani, imihlathi abangelwe, iiseli epithelial kwi iliso, ezinye iiseli zezityalo, yaye ngaphezulu. Ngenxa yoko, ezimacala, ngemvelo, bobabini ziyaphila yaye engaphiliyo, zikhona ebomini bomntu xa kukho inani elikhulu ezahlukeneyo.

Yintoni eyabangela ukuthandwa weehexagons?

Iqhwa, emvelo, ziikristale zwi kunye basalts columnar zizinto iihexagons. Isizathu soku ulingano okusegazini. Owona mzekelo okuphawuleka iseli, isakhiwo ezinamacala leyo kunciphisa ukuya engxakini ubuncinane lwendawo, ekubeni bonke ubuso ucumkile kakuhle kakhulu. Kutheni uwahlule kwizisele ezifanayo? Iinyosi ukudala indalo polyhedrons rhoqo ukuze uzisebenzise iimfuno zaso, kuquka ugcino ubusi kunye iqanda-ngokubekwa. Kutheni indalo sikhetha iihexagons? Impendulo yalo mbuzo ukuze anike imathematika nezakhiwo.

• Oonxantathu. Thatha 428 oonxantathu alinganayo zinamacala malunga 7.35 mm. ubude sabo setotali ngu-3 mm * 7,35 * 428/2 = 47,2 cm.
• Neengxande. Thatha 428 izikwere kunye icala malunga 4,84 mm, ubude bayo bungama-4 m * 4,84 * 428/2 = 41.4 cm.
• Iihexagons. Ekugqibeleni, uthathe 428 hexagons zinamacala-3 mm, ubude bayo bungama 6 * 3 mm * 428/2 = 38.5 cm.

Esizaziyo kukuphumelela iihexagons. Yiyo le fomu kunceda ukuze kuncitshiswe isithuba ubuninzi kwaye ivumela indawo encinci ukubeka iziqwenga abaninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Iseli apho iinyosi ukugcina incindi yazo evuthiweyo, izinto ezimangalisayo zobunjineli ngqo, kukho uluhlu iiseli prismatic epheleleyo ezinamacala cross-candelo. wenza iindonga wax ukuba ukuhlangabezana ubukhulu ngqo kakhulu, iiseli kuhle uthambekele ukuthintela ukuphulukana ubusi viscous, kunye nesakhiwo yonke ilungelelaniswe ngokuhambelana lo mhlaba otsalayo behlabathi. Okumangalisayo kukuba, lo gama iinyosi asebenza nolungelelaniso.

Kutheni iihexagons? Oku a geometry elula

Ukuba ufuna ukuba ndibabuthe ubungakanani obufanayo nokumila esiseleni, ukuze balizalise lonke moya, kuya kusebenza ezintathu kuphela iimilo rhoqo (kunye onke amaqela kunye kwinkalo enye): oonxantathu alinganayo, izikwere kunye hexagons. Kwezi seli ezinamacala zifuna ubude incinane lilonke udonga kuthelekiswa oonxantathu okanye nezikwere kwindawo enye.

Ngoko ukhetho leenyosi iihexagons yenza ucacelwa. Xa inzululwazi ngenkulungwane XVIII uCharles Darwin wathi iseli ezinamacala "ogqibeleleyo ngokugqithisileyo ukhawuleze umsebenzi kunye wax." Wayekholelwa ukuba ukukhethwa inkululeko neemvakalelo zokwemvelo leenyosi wax ukudala ezi seli, leyo baba nethuba yokubonelela amandla ngaphantsi kunye nexesha kunokuba ukudala kwezinye iintlobo.

Imizekelo ezimacala endalweni

Amehlo ambaxa ezinye izinambuzane zibekelelwe amathandathu, apho kwicala ngalinye - ilens oludityaniswe iseli omde obhityileyo semehlo. Ezi zithinteli akhiwa ezisebenzisanayo iiseli zebhayoloji basoloko iimilo ilawulwa yimigaqo efanayo amadlu kwi sisombululo isepha. Isakhiwo ezincane yamehlo ngohlangothi - omnye weyona mizekelo kakhulu. inkalo nganye iqulethe Sisihloko ezine iiseli ukukhanya-ethe, banayo imilo olufanayo yamaqela amaqamza ezine eqhelekileyo.

Yintoni egqibayo imithetho bhanya isepha amaqamza ifomu? Nature wayekhathazeke kakhulu kuqoqosho ngaphezu iinyosi. amaqamza isepha kunye neebhanyabhanya ezenziwe emanzini (kongezwe isepha) kunye umphezulu kwempixano uzoba kumphezulu ulwelo ukuze ayinike isithuba ezincinane kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kungenxa yoko le nto amathontsi ezi ungqukuva (ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi), xa bathe bawa: kwisigaba une ariya umphezulu encinci ngaphezu naluphi na uhlobo ngezinga elifanayo. Ngomhla angwevu, anencindi amagqabi amathontsi amanzi zithathwa zibe amaso ezincinane ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo.

Le modeli ichaza eYafo ngokuyidadisa kwiqamza umphezulu sempi nokuba amagwebu. Amagwebu uya kukhangela ukuba isakhiwo ukuba unalo iyonke kwempixano liphantsi komhlaba, nto leyo eza kunika indawo zincinane eludongeni. Nangona wew geometry we bhanya isepha leyo isuke yi impefumlelwano imikhosi mechanical, akukho nto isixelela uya kuba yintoni na uhlobo amagwebu. A amagwebu eqhelekileyo iquka polyhedral imilo iseli kunye nobukhulu. Ukuba ujonga ngokusondeleyo, lo ezimacala rhoqo yendalo - hayi elungile kangaka. imiphetho zabo kunqabile ngqo ngokupheleleyo.

amadlu ilungile

Umele ukuba ungenza i amagwebu "egqibeleleyo", apho zonke amaqamza ezinomlinganiselo olinganayo. Yintoni na uhlobo ogqibeleleyo esiseleni, nto leyo eyenza lo mmandla eludongeni bubble ngokubanzi kangangoko ezincinane kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Oku kuye kwaxoxwa kangangeminyaka emininzi, yaye ixesha elide oko kwakucingwa ukuba uhlobo ifanelekileyo iseli emacala-14 kabini kunye isikwere okanye macala ezinamacala amahlanu.

ukonga ngaphezulu, nangona ngaphantsi wayalela isakhiwo, kuqulethe iqela eliphindaphindayo yeentlobo ezisibhozo ezahlukeneyo iseli yafumaneka ngo-1993. Le modeli ngxuba lasetyenziswa kwempefumlelo zocwangciso lemidlalo amagwebu lokudada ngexesha kwiMidlalo yeOlimpiki 2008 eBeijing.

Imithetho ukubunjwa leseli alephuze amagwebu kwakhona ukulawula ezinye iiphatheni eziqwalaselweyo ezikwiiseli eziphilayo. Hayi nje ebalulekile iimpukane-eye ibonisa iinkalo ivale efanayo ezinamacala ukuba aphuphume flat. Iiseli ukukhanya-ethe phakathi nganye iilensi ngamnye ahlobene kwiqela, ekhangeleka nje maqampu isepha.

World ezimacala endalweni

Iiseli ze iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo, ukususela izityalo imifinya ibuzi ziqulathe izakhiwo ezincinane ezinjalo. Akukho mntu owaziyo ukuba yintoni na, kodwa ke idumile, yinto elungileyo ukuba sicinge ukuba banalo indima luncedo. Mhlawumbi ukuba bodwa omnye komnye inkqubo kwemichiza, uphambuke ezintethweni cross-kokuphazanyiswa.

Okanye mhlawumbi kuba yinto nje ngendlela eyiyo ukudala moya ezinkulu zokusebenza, kuba iinkqubo ezininzi zengqo- luqhutywe umphezulu inwebu, apho sibubona enzyme molecule esebenzayo. Enoba umsebenzi ezimacala kwindalo, musa iyakukhathaza ukwenza imiyalelo yemfuza, ngokuba imithetho physics kuyenza kuwe.

Ezinye amabhabhathane nezikali ezinamaphiko equlathe i maze nangocwangco zisebenziseke ekuthiwa ngechitin. Yokuvela kumaza ekukhanyeni rebounding ukusuka kolundi yesiqhelo kunye nezinye izakhiwo kumphezulu iphiko, kukhokelela kukuba kwamaza ezithile (ngamanye amazwi, ezinye umbala) shwaka, ngoxa abanye olugunyazisa macala. Ngenxa yoko, isakhiwo polygonal inikeza sixhobo sigqibeleleyo imveliso imibala yezilwanyana.

Ukwenza inethiwekhi wayalela ambiwa nzima, kubonakala ukuba ezinye eziphilayo zenza imilo inwebu ethambileyo bhetyebhetye, yaye emva koko acacisa kwezinto eziqinileyo ngaphakathi inye yeenethwekhi interpenetrating. Ubume lobusi lamajelo obungabonakaliyo ngaphakathi amaqhosha ebhutsi ezibuhlazarha ngechitin ntshulube engaqhelekanga zaselwandle eyaziwa ngokuba mouse elwandle, iguqula ezi iipateni voloskopodobnye Natural ifayibha enombala leyo ukukhokela ukukhanya ukuyitshintsha obomvu bamantshontsho eluhlaza ngokuxhomekeke indlela izibane. Olu tshintsho umbala ingasetyenziswa ukunqanda utshaba.

imvelo wazi ngcono

Enezityalo nezilwanyana inityebise imizekelo ezimacala kwindalo, njengoko ihlabathi ezingaphiliyo ngamatye kunye neeminerali. Ukusuka kwindawo nje kwindaleko lwembono, ubume ezinamacala ihamba phambili noun eneji. Ngaphandle izinto ezicacileyo (imali space), iigridi polyhedral zinika inani elikhulu ubuso, nokunyusa inani abamelwane ochaphazela ngokuyingenelo lonke isakhiwo. Isiphelo Isiphumo soku kukuba ulwazi esizigubungeleyo ngokukhawuleza. Kutheni okulungileyo nokubi ezinamacala star-ezimilise ezimacala kwindalo wenzeke ukuze ngokufuthi? Mhlawumbi kunjalo kuyimfuneko. Nature wazi ngcono, yena wazi ngcono.