Eyayigquba - ntoni na? enclaves State

Eyayigquba - ukuba lo mbono ukuthini? Igama sivela Latin «inclavo», bona bubonakala "ezitshixwayo". Sebenzisa eli gama ukuya kummandla okanye inxalenye State, nto leyo eye ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

- ayina eKFC elwandle;
- ingqongwe ngokupheleleyo yi kummandla ilizwe kwelinye ilizwe okanye ngaphezulu.

bazithoba zepolitiki

Eyayigquba - ntoni na kule ndawo? Luyinto ebalulekileyo karhulumente, esithatha. Ngamanye amaxesha, le ndawo unalo ufikelelo buso elwandle. Emva koko kuthiwa poluanklavom okanye eyayigquba yonxweme.

Ukubakho iinxalenye ekwanti kweli lizwe kwaye ibandakanya ezinye nobudlelwane ezinxulumene kumazwe ngamazwe. Umzekelo, ukuya kummandla, nto leyo eyayigquba, kuyimfuneko ukuba kugqitha nje emdeni bomnye uMbuso. Ukongeza, kule ngingqi ukuze babonakale imiba ebalulekileyo ekufuneka isonjululwe ngenxa yobukho yayo yesiqhelo. Yonke imicimbi idla kusonjululwa noko kutyikitywe esinye isivulwano sokusebenza phakathi kwamazwe abachaphazelekayo ukuze bakuthathele ingqalelo.

uhlobo

Yintoni eyayigquba? Ingcaciso kolu luvo sele inikiwe. Ngamafutshane, le yenye iqhekeza elo lizwe, nto leyo ibekwe ngaphakathi enye. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimeko xa intsimi eyahlukileyo, kukho omnye siqithi eyahlukileyo. Iziseko ezinjalo kuthiwa umyalelo eyayigquba yesibini. Kwimeko enjalo, ukuze ukuya inxalenye lizwe, nto leyo ngaphakathi, kuya kuba yimfuneko ukuba awele imida ezimbini.

Kukho enye efanayo - i exclave. Unxulumene ummandla non-lobunganga, nto leyo siyahlukana indawo eyinhloko eli lizwe yaye lingqongwe kwamanye amazwe. Ngaloo polueksklav ufikelela elwandle.

Imimandla efanayo okude kothiwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kuba ilizwe elo yena, uya kuba exclave. Ezinye States kukugqala eyayigquba. Isigama efanayo ukuba poluanklavov kunye polueksklavov.

izibonelo

Kukho eziliqela imimandla kunye zokuhlala, malunga apho sinokuthi le eyayigquba. Umzekelo i Sankova-Bear, ibekwe kummandla Belarus mmandla, Gomel. Elulawulweni edibana ngayo kummandla Bryansk ye-Russian Federation. Kuba Russia Sankova-Bear - i exclave kunye Belarus - le eyayigquba.

Omnye umzekelo le Alaska. Le ndawo ithathwa ukuba eUnited States polueksklavom poluanklavom Canada. Ukuze ube nokufikelela kwiMeditera, Melilla kunye Ceuta. It poluanklavy for Morocco kunye polueksklavy xa ndisiya eSpeyin. E Cape Pskov Ichibi yi kwilali Oaks. It siyahlukana kwintsimi Estonian Russian. Ngoko ke, oko polueksklav ngokwembono Russia kunye poluanklav Estonia.

amazwe enclaves

Ikota wayebhekisela Ukuqhela intsimi, kufuneka isetyenziswe kuphela kwinxenye lwahlulwe karhulumente komhlaba. Le mbono lisetyenziswa ukutyhilwa eyahlukileyo kancinane. Kukho enclaves karhulumente kulo mkhuba ehlabathini. Kubo, igama elithi "eyayigquba" alisetyenziswa.

eyayigquba State - ntoni na? Kuyinto la mazwe, kwingingqi leyo lingqongwe ngokupheleleyo amanye kwilizwe elinye. Kulo mzekelo, ukufikelela kolwandle akunjalo. Kwihlabathi kukho ezintathu ezifana States. uluhlu lwabo luquka San Marino kunye eVatican. La mazwe izinze Italy. State yesithathu kugqalwa eyayigquba Lesotho. Sikhoyo kwi kummandla eMzantsi Afrika. Ezinye Iimpawu karhulumente kwaye wasinika umyalelo Maltese. Ukuyiphi indawo Italy.

Ukuziqhelisa hlabathi, kukho kwakhona ngurhulumente-poluanklavy. Baye ukufikelela kwi elwandle. Umzekelo Brunei. Ilizwe singqongwe Malaysia kunye South noLwandle China. Enye poluanklavom koMbuso Portugal. Oku singqongwe kummandla Spain kwaye ukufikelela kwi-Atlantic Ocean.

Poluanklavom kucocwe inxalenye ethile Fort St. Angelo, nto leyo ibekwe Malta kwaye lol uMyalelo saseMalta.

zokuhlala

Yintoni eyayigquba? Le nkcazo inikwe ngentla abhekisele kule ingqiqo kuphela urhulumente. Noko kunye neendawo zokuhlala. Ngaloo ndlela, idolophu waseJamani ka Büsingen eyayigquba-to-eliphezulu-iRhine ingqongwe ngokupheleleyo ziziphaluka Swiss. lwabemi beli phantse enye newaka isiqingatha sabantu. Ukususela idolophu German ezahlulwe sisithuba ngumcu kuphela ilizwe ububanzi - ngaphantsi kwe ngekhilomitha enye. Yaye ke inxenye kwaza ye kwebhulorho kukho ilali Swiss ebizwa Dorflingen. Ngowe-1918-zimvo yabanjwa Büsingen. It alithoba anesithandathu ekhulwini labemi wavota ubabalo yokungena Swiss. Noko ke, oku akuzange kwenzeke. ESwitzerland wasilela nento Jamani atshabhise.

Kukho eyayigquba isixeko kunye Ukraine. Lo Slavutich. Le dolophu kunye eyingqongileyo imisebenzi yezolawulo ngamalungu kummandla Kiev. Kodwa macala onke kokuba singqongwe yomhlaba Chernigov amagunya phantsi.

Ene inxalenye eMoscow ngumzi Zelenograd. Noko ke, oko siyahlukana kummandla wezinto zakomkhulu. It ezingqongileyo kummandla Zelenograd The eMoscow.

enclaves impilo

Kutheni kukho ummandla geqe karhulumente omnye kummandla omnye? Eyayigquba - ntoni na? Anomaly? Ngapha koko, le ndawo, elifikeleleka kuphela xa ekudibaneni enye karhulumente. Kulo mzekelo, kungelula ukuze isikolo sisebenze kakuhle kwezoqoqosho kunye nolawulo. Ngaphezu koko, kanye ubukho eyayigquba ngokuchasene nengcamango yokuba ukuqhubeka karhulumente wesizwe. Ibiya kuthetha ukuba naliphi na ilizwe uya konwaba nje ukuba bahlukane babo baba kunye ntsimi. Noko ke, xa kusenziwa oku akwenzeki. Zone enclaves ezininzi - gqolo kakhulu, kude kuse isisongelo semfazwe, utshintsho kwiinkqubo zoqoqosho okanye imida. Ukongeza, ezi enclaves yehlabathi ziyanda. Inani elikhulu kwezi ndawo yabonakala emva kokuwa eSoviet Union. Phantse amabini enclaves ezintsha wavela ngelo xesha lide kwelaseAsiya naseYurophu.

Ukusuka kwindawo Ngenxa enclaves kwisigaba kwezoqoqosho bonqanyulwa bangabikho nezwe. Kwezi meko ezingaqhelekanga, omnye wabo ukulawula ukuba bakhule, ngoxa abanye ziyancipha. Umzekelo, Hong Kong. Ngexesha inguqu ebukhosini of China, waba umzekelo ocacileyo we kwihlabathi jikelele kunye norhwebo free.

Ngenxa uphuhliso lorhwebo kunye nokhenketho bayanda enclaves encinane eNtshona Yurophu. Phakathi kwabo Belgian Baarle-Hertog, Austria kunye Italian Jungholz Campione. efanayo I baphumelele kunye American Point Roberts. Nangona kunjalo, kukho neminye imizekelo.

Phantse ezingamakhulu amabini imimandla Indo-ekhatywayo, enclaves ubunzima kubuhlwempu kwaye akukho mbane. kwiindawo ezikude kwi Ferghana Valley, nangona ukufumaneka komhlaba ochumileyo kunye nenkangeleko mihle, ukuphuhlisa mandundu kakhulu abamelwane babo ezingqonge. In kwizikhundla esiPhakathi kummandla eKaliningrad of the Russian Federation, kwakunye Melilla Spanish ne Ceuta. Kuba impilo-ntle yayo kwezoqoqosho, ukuba afakwa izibonelelo yase kanye neenzuzo.

iindawo zolwandle

Russia fanele ukuba eyayigquba kuLwandle Okhotsk. Oku intsimi iikhilomitha amahlanu anesibini amawaka square, i-UN waqonda yinxalenye ithala le Russian Federation.

Le eyayigquba ise embindini woLwandle Okhotsk. Ngaphambili, indawo yonke yayijongwa kolwandle umxhelo. Kwakukho ukhululekile ukuba ukuloba ukuhambisa intendelezo ngeenxa zonke iintlanga zonke zehlabathi. NgoNovemba 2013 eRashiya kwaba amalungelo abo amanzi lingaphezu ummandla eBelgium, Switzerland nase-Netherlands. Okwangoku, le eyayigquba - an ulwandle nezwe Russian Federation. Intsimi yalo kufuneka yenziwe kwiimfuno okuloba Russian, ukhuselo lokusingqongileyo, ukhuseleko njalo njalo. D.

Ingcamango yokuba enclaves yobuzwe

Kukho iindawo ezithile apho uhlanga exineneyo engqongwe kummandla umiwe kwabanye abantu. iindawo ezinjalo - ezi enclaves yobuhlanga. Le mimandla abajongwa imithombo kwempixano. Umzekelo, eyayigquba yobuhlanga eSomalia, Ethiopia.

oonobangela

enclaves uhlanga kuvela ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Iziseko ezinjalo zisisiphumo ezi nkqubo zilandelayo:

- yokufuduka lonke uluntu uhlanga;
- ukufuna yokuhlaliswa compact kumaqela eentlanga kwi Ndingowolunye uhlanga kwindawo yakhe;
- banyanzelisa xi sendawo bolunye uhlanga oluthile.

Naukograd

Kwingingqi eMoscow kukho uhlobo eyayigquba - Dubna, isixeko ekubhaliswe ndawo ibe ummandla ezikhethekileyo zezoqoqosho lohlobo lobugcisa-ezintsha. Le isimo yabelwa i data yeendawo zokuhlala komyalelo loRhulumente Russian, esatyikitywa ngomhla 21.12.2005

Imida yeli candelo zone usebenza impatho engcono ukuba irhafu lo msebenzi technology-ezintsha.

Imbali kwedolophu Dubna, ibekwe kwi zombini kweenxweme enkulu iVolga River, yaqala ngo-1956, le dolophu kude ukusuka eMoscow, kwi ngeekhilomitha alikhulu elinamanci mabini ukuya emantla, kufutshane nomda kummandla yaseTver. Uqhekekile umzi capital bene Dmitrov kuhola wendlela, wamanzi kunye kaloliwe. A neekhilomitha kwekhulu Dubna yi "Sheremetyevo" moya.

Esi sixeko igama lonke njengeziko enkulu uphando. In Dubna Joint Institute for Research Nuclear. Lo ngumbutho uphando ngamazwe sinqande osebenzisana kunye namaziko phantse 200 zophando ngamazwe. Izazinzulu esebenza JINR, imbali ziko wenza ezifunyaniswe ezahlukeneyo malunga mane kwinkalo physics yenyukliya.

Esi sixeko ithuba elikhulu yenzululwazi kunye nezoshishino. izibonelelo zayo uvavanyo mihla elebhu kunye nesiseko lwezenzululwazi, izibonelelo engemveliso ekumgangatho ophakamileyo-zobugcisa, apho bakhonza ngabasebenzi abanezakhono kakhulu. Dubna inikezela RF kuqala kwicandelo lenzululwazi enokusebenziseka ebalulekileyo, ukhuseleko, ukuzithethelela, lezixhobo, amandla enyukliya, unxibelelwano kunye nezixhobo zonyango.